Translations

This anonymous Geʿez poem, known as 'All of Your Images,' is a poetic salutation addressed to multiple images of a sacred figure, likely Christ or the Virgin Mary. It su…

The Canticle of the Flower is an anonymous Geʿez poem, likely a mälkǝʿ (image hymn) or qǝne (poetic hymn), that praises the Virgin Mary through floral imagery. It surviv…

This anonymous Geʿez poem is a first-person address to God, structured as a series of reverent invocations with a refrain. Its liturgical and hymnic register is typical…

The Image of Buruka ʾAmlāk of Dabra Kol is an anonymous Geʿez malkǝʿ (praise poem) that opens each stanza with the acclamation 'Buruka ʾAmlāk' ('Blessed is God'). It fol…

The anonymous Ethiopic poem 'Bǝḍuʿa ʾAmlāk' (the elect of God) is a liturgical hymn in the malkǝʿ genre, praising a monastic saint. It survives in the manuscript traditi…

This Geʿez encomium on King David casts him as a type of Christ and a model of repentance, using a liturgical-panegyric register rather than historical narrative. The po…

The work is a malkǝʿ-hymn in honor of Fiqṭor, a saint associated with Dabra Bǝsrāt, preserved in a single manuscript (EMML 2053) from that monastery. The Geʿez text is s…

The anonymous Ethiopic mälkəʿ hymn to the angel Gigār is a liturgical poem from the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo Church, likely composed between the 15th and 17th centuri…

The anonymous Ethiopic poem 'Image of Her (Mary's) Assumption' celebrates the bodily assumption of the Virgin Mary. Preserved in a single Geʿez manuscript (betmas:LIT293…

The Image of John / Image of Yoḥannǝs I is an anonymous Geʿez poetic encomium of John the Evangelist, composed in acrostic and rhythmic parallelism typical of Ethiopian…

This anonymous Geʿez poem, composed in the formal qəne tradition of metrical hymnody, honors the Old Testament patriarch Joseph. It survives only within the betmas litur…

The anonymous Ethiopic poem 'Image of Joseph' is a malkeʿ hymn, a Geʿez genre that praises a saint or biblical figure through stanzas invoking bodily or spiritual parts.…

The Image of Julitta is an anonymous Geʿez malkeʿ, a poetic encomium in five-verse stanzas praising the female martyr Julitta. Each stanza salutes a different bodily par…

The Image of Krǝstos Śamrā (Malkǝʿ-hymn) is an anonymous Geʿez poem from the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition, praising the saint Krǝstos Śamrā ('Christ the Mercifu…

The 'Image of Madḫānina ʾƎgziʾ' (Image of Our Savior) is an anonymous Geʿez poem belonging to the liturgical repertoire of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. Its ge…

Malkǝʾa Krəstos of Gǝšaq is an anonymous Ethiopic malkǝʾ-hymn in honor of Christ, composed in the Gǝšaq tradition. It follows the standard 49-stanza structure, each stan…

The work is an anonymous Geʿez malkəʿ (image hymn) in honor of Marqorewos, a saint venerated in the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition. The text survives in a manuscr…

This anonymous Geʿez poem is a series of salutations (ሰላም) to parts of Mary's body, a common form in Ethiopic Marian poetry. Each stanza addresses a specific feature, mo…

The work is a malkəʿ (image) poem in Geʿez honoring Mātyās of Dabra Dəmāḥ, a saint venerated in the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition. It follows the standard five-v…

This anonymous Geʿez poem praises Emperor Mǝnilǝk II (r. 1889–1913) in elevated verse, blending imperial panegyric with biblical typology. Its formal register aligns wit…

The Image of Phanuel is an anonymous Geʿez malkǝʿ (image) poem, a genre of encomiastic verse that praises an angel or saint through stanzas beginning with “malkǝʿa” (ima…

The 'Image of Qʷǝsqʷām' is an anonymous Geʿez poem, likely a hymn or meditation on the church of Qusquam in Egypt, a major Marian pilgrimage site. The text survives in a…

The Image of Serapamon is an anonymous Geʿez encomium (salām hymn) praising the Coptic saint Serapamon (Sarapamon). It employs standard hagiographic topoi—ascetic virtue…

This work is a Geʿez poetic encomium (malkeʿ) in honor of Takla Hāymānot, a 14th-century Ethiopian saint. It follows the standard malkeʿ structure of 33 stanzas, each pr…

The Malkeʿ of Takla ʾIyyasus of Dabra Dəmāḥ is an anonymous Geʿez praise poem structured as a series of stanzas, each saluting a different bodily part of the saint, a ha…

The Malkeʿ of Takla Ḥawārǝyāt of Dabra Ṣəmmonā is an anonymous Geʿez praise poem dedicated to a saint of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. It follows the conventio…

The Image of Tanśǝʾa Madḫǝn of Dabra ʿĀśā is an anonymous Geʿez malkǝʿ-hymn praising the Savior (Tanśǝʾa Madḫǝn). Composed in the standard five-verse stanza structure of…

The Image of the Paraclete is an anonymous Geʿez poem in the malkeʿ genre, praising the Paraclete—likely the Holy Spirit—through a series of salutations to its attribute…

The Praise of Mary is an anonymous Ethiopic malkǝʿ hymn dedicated to the Virgin Mary, preserved in multiple manuscripts within larger collections of Marian hymns and mir…

The Image of the Sabbath of the Christians is an anonymous Geʿez poem in the malkǝʿ (image) hymn genre, typically used for saints or angels, here applied to the Sabbath…

The 'Image of the Twenty-Four Heavenly Priests' is an anonymous Geʿez poem of uncertain date, likely post-15th century, surviving in Ethiopian manuscript tradition. It f…

The 'Image of Three Youths' is an anonymous Geʿez poetic encomium (malkeʾ) praising Hananya, Azarya, and Mishael from the Book of Daniel. It follows the formal structure…

The Malkeʿ of Walda Māryām of Dabra Zamaddo is an undated Geʿez encomiastic poem from the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo tradition, structured as a malkeʿ (praise poem) tha…

The work is an anonymous Geʿez malkeʿ (image) poem in honor of Walda Rufāʾel, a genre of encomiastic verse that praises a saint through stanzas addressing different bodi…

The work is a Geʿez malkeʿ (image) poem in honor of Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿĀśā, a little-known saint in the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition. The poem follows the conven…

This work is an anonymous malkeʿ-hymn in Geʿez dedicated to Yoḥannǝs (John), likely John the Evangelist or a bishop venerated in the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo Church.…

This work is an anonymous Geʿez malkǝʿ (image) poem in honor of Yoḥannǝs (John the Evangelist), following the standard structure of saluting bodily parts or attributes i…

This work is an anonymous Ethiopic malkeʿ hymn in honor of Yoḥannǝs of Dabra Zamaddo, a saint venerated in the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition. The poem follows th…

The work is an anonymous Geʿez malkeʾ (praise poem) honoring Yāsāy of Mandābbā, a saint venerated in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The poem follows the convent…

The work is an anonymous Geʿez malkeʿ (image) poem in honor of the archangel Zamikāʾel, a minor figure in Ethiopic angelology. It follows the standard five-stanza struct…

The anonymous Geʿez malkǝʿ-hymn in praise of the angel ʾAfnin follows the standard malkǝʿ pattern of salutations to bodily and spiritual attributes. The sole known witne…

The anonymous malkǝʿ (image) poem in honor of ʾAfqaranna ʾƎgziʾ of Degʷa is a Geʿez hymn preserved in the Degʷa, a liturgical book for the Ethiopian rainy-season fast. F…

This anonymous Geʿez malkǝʿ (praise poem) honors ʾAnorewos of Dabra Ṣǝgāǧǧā, a saint venerated in the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition. Structured as a series of st…

The Image of ʾEwosṭātewos is an anonymous malkǝʿ (image) poem in Geʿez honoring the 14th-century monastic leader ʾEwosṭātewos. Following the standard malkǝʿ structure, e…

This anonymous Geʿez poem is a hymn or encomium celebrating ʾIyyasus Moʾa, a 13th-century Ethiopian Orthodox saint. Composed in the malkǝʾ-hymn tradition, it uses formul…

The anonymous Ethiopic malkǝʿ (image poem) in honor of ʾƎda Krǝstos of Dabra Magʷinā survives in a single manuscript witness (betmas). Following the standard malkǝʿ stru…

The anonymous Ethiopic malkeʿ (praise poem) dedicated to ʾƎsṭifānos of Gunda Gunde is a Geʿez hymn structured as a series of stanzas, each saluting a different attribute…

The anonymous Geʿez poem Ṗarāqliṭos is a liturgical hymn venerating the Paraclete, likely performed during Pentecost or related feasts. It survives in a single 18th–19th…

Ṣabala Māryām (Image of Mary) is an anonymous Ethiopic malkǝʿ poem honoring the Virgin Mary through a series of stanzas, each praising a different bodily or spiritual at…

This anonymous Ethiopic poem, surviving in a single 18th–19th century manuscript (Betmaṣ 42), opens with a rhetorical question and mixes narrative with petition. Its pri…

The Malkǝʾ-hymn of the Covenant of Mercy is an anonymous Geʿez acrostic poem from the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition, praising Mary under the title 'Covenant of M…

The Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel is an anonymous Geʿez poem in the malkǝʾ genre, which typically praises saints or angels through stanzas beginning with body parts or attribu…

The Malkəʾ-Hymn for the Conception of Mary is an anonymous Geʿez poem in the malkəʾ genre, a sequence of salutations to a saint's attributes or body parts. It follows a…

Rejoice Mary is an anonymous Geʿez Marian hymn (mälkǝʿ) transmitted in a modern compilation of Ethiopic Marian poetry (betmas:LIT3023RepCh303). The poem consists of stan…

Rejoice Mary, the Pascha of Adam is an anonymous Geʿez poem that addresses Mary with the refrain 'Rejoice, Mary' while framing Christ's passion as the 'Pascha of Adam,'…

This work is an anonymous cycle of poetic salutations to Jesus, structured around the seven canonical hours of the Ethiopian daily office. The edition is based on a sing…

The Salutations for Mary for the Canonical Hours is an anonymous cycle of Geʿez poetic salutations to the Virgin Mary, structured around the canonical hours of the Copti…

The Second Image of Mary Zion is an anonymous Geʿez poem preserved in a single manuscript (betmas:LIT2893RepCh174) alongside other Marian hymns. Its language and theolog…

This anonymous Geʿez praise poem (malkeʾ) survives only in Ethiopic manuscripts with no known Vorlage. Its title alludes to a legendary council of seventy kings, a motif…

This work is an anonymous Ethiopic liturgical compilation that combines excerpts from the Book of Isaiah with a series of eulogies. Preserved in Geʿez, it likely functio…

This anonymous Ethiopic protective prayer invokes divine names, many derived from Hebrew letters and epithets like ʾAdonāy, for apotropaic purposes. Surviving in fluid m…

The Geʿez prayer ጸሎት፡ በእንተ፡ ዘደም፡ (Prayer concerning blood) is an anonymous liturgical text from the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo Church, preserved in the manuscript betma…

The ጸሎተ፡ አስተርኢ፡ (Ṣalota ʾAstarʿi), or 'Prayer of the Revelation', is an anonymous Geʿez prayer preserved in the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition. Its title suggests a vision…

This anonymous Geʿez note, surviving in a single manuscript (Betmaṣḥaf, MS 34), records a ban on women within a monastic enclosure. Its language suggests a composition n…

The Abridged Version of the Tārika Walda ʾAmid (β-recension) is an anonymous Ethiopic Christian historical chronicle that condenses a longer original attributed to Giyor…

The Anti-slavery Protocol is an anonymous, undated Geʿez ecclesiastical text of a legalistic and prescriptive genre, surviving in a single manuscript witness (betmas edi…

This record serves as a general bibliographic placeholder for the Ethiopic antiphonary tradition, specifically the Geʿez antiphons transmitted through the Deggwa, the ma…

The Antiphonary for Lent is an anonymous Geʿez liturgical work containing antiphons and responsories for the Lenten season in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. Its…

The 81 Apostolic Canons is a pseudepigraphical church-order text attributed to the apostles and transmitted in Geʿez within the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition. Its core li…

The Apostolic Canons Abṭelisāt (80) is a Geʿez canonical work attributed to the apostles and transmitted within the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo tradition. It survives in…

The Apostolic Canons after Ascension is a Geʿez pseudepigraphical church order claiming apostolic authority. Surviving in multiple Ethiopic manuscripts, it presents decr…

An anonymous Geʿez astrological treatise on the twelve zodiac signs, surviving in a single manuscript witness edited in the betmas series. The work lists zodiac names de…

The Book of Amos in the Geʿez version is part of the Ethiopic biblical canon, transmitted with the Minor Prophets in manuscripts of the Octateuch and Prophetic books. Th…

The Geʿez version of the Book of Esther, preserved in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo tradition, is a translation likely dating to the Aksumite period (5th–7th centuries…

The Geʿez version of the Book of Haggai, preserved in a single Ethiopic manuscript, follows the Septuagint tradition closely, including the longer chronological formula…

The Geʿez version of Hosea, part of the Ethiopic Old Testament, follows the Septuagint tradition and was likely translated from Greek during the Aksumite period (4th–6th…

The Geʿez version of the Book of Job is a translation from the Septuagint, preserving a distinct textual tradition with additional passages not found in the Masoretic He…

The Geʿez version of the Book of Joel, transmitted as part of the Ethiopic Octateuch and minor prophets corpus, follows the standard twelve-minor-prophets order with a s…

The Geʿez translation of the Book of Jonah, preserved in the manuscript betmas (LIT1694Jonah), is a version of the biblical prophetic book used in the Ethiopian Orthodox…

The Geʿez Book of Joshua, part of the Ethiopic Octateuch, closely follows the Septuagint tradition, including the longer ending with Caleb’s grant of Hebron and Joshua’s…

The Ethiopic Book of Judges is a Geʿez translation from the Septuagint, including deuterocanonical additions, and forms part of the broader Octateuch in the Ethiopian Or…

The Geʿez translation of the Book of Malachi, preserved within the Ethiopic Old Testament manuscript tradition, is part of the broader corpus of the Minor Prophets. Its…

The Book of Questions is an anonymous Geʿez catechetical dialogue structured as questions and answers on Christian doctrine, likely composed for monastic instruction wit…

The Geʿez translation of the Book of Ruth, preserved in the Ethiopic Octateuch tradition, is a liturgical and canonical text within the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Churc…

The Geʿez translation of the Book of Zechariah, preserved in the Ethiopian Orthodox canon, is a late antique or early medieval version of the biblical prophetic book. Tr…

The Calendrical diagram is an anonymous Ethiopic table used to compute movable feasts and fasts in the Geʿez tradition. It survives in a single manuscript witness (betma…

The Canons of Clement, presented as a letter from the apostle Peter to Clement of Rome, is a pseudepigraphal canonical-legal text preserved in Geʿez within the Ethiopic…

The Canons of Simon the Canaanite (2nd recension) is a Geʿez pseudepigraphic collection of disciplinary rules for clergy and laity, attributed to the apostle Simon the Z…

The Chronicle of Zarʾa Yāʿqob is an anonymous Geʿez work composed during the reign of the Ethiopian emperor Zarʾa Yāʿqob (r. 1434–1468). It survives in a single manuscri…

This anonymous Geʿez commentary treats Chapter 76 of 1 Enoch as a self-contained unit on celestial and calendrical lore. It interprets the four winds, twelve portals, an…

The Confessio Claudii is a first-person confession of faith attributed to Emperor Claudius of Ethiopia (r. 1540–1559). Written in Geʿez, it comprises a series of credal…

The Geʿez translation of Ecclesiastes, preserved in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo biblical tradition, is a Wisdom book attributed to Solomon. Its translation likely oc…

The Edict of King Galāwdewos is a Geʿez royal decree issued around 1555 CE at ʾAgrāro, the royal seat of the Solomonic king Galāwdewos (Claudius, r. 1540–1559). The edic…

The Epistle of Eusebius to Carpianus is a prefatory letter introducing the Eusebian canon tables, a system of Gospel parallels. The Geʿez version, preserved in Ethiopic…

The Geʿez text of the Epistle of Jude, titled መልእክተ፡ ይሁዳ፡ እኁሁ፡ ለያዕቆብ፡ (Epistle of Jude, brother of James), is presented in this edition (betmas) as transmitted in the Et…

The Geʿez work መልእክተ፡ ጳውሎስ፡ ኀበ፡ ፊልሞና፡ (Epistle of Paul to Philemon) is a translation of the canonical New Testament letter into Ethiopic. It is part of the broader Ethio…

The Geʿez work መልእክተ፡ ጳውሎስ፡ ኀበ፡ ሰብአ፡ ቈላስይስ፡ is a translation of the canonical New Testament Epistle to the Colossians, attributed to Paul. It forms part of the Ethiopic…

The Geʿez work መልእክተ ጳውሎስ ኀበ ሰብአ ኤፌሶን is a translation of the canonical New Testament Epistle to the Ephesians, attributed to Paul. It belongs to the Ethiopic biblical t…

The Geʿez version of Paul's Epistle to the Galatians, titled መልእክተ፡ ጳውሎስ፡ ኀበ፡ ሰብአ፡ ገላትያ፡፡, is a translation of the canonical New Testament letter into Classical Ethiopic…

The Geʿez work መልእክተ፡ ጳውሎስ፡ ኀበ፡ ሰብአ፡ ፊልጵስዮስ፡ is an Ethiopic translation of the canonical Epistle to the Philippians, attributed to Paul. Transmitted within the broader E…