Work dossier · summary and historical context
The 'Image of Qʷǝsqʷām' is an anonymous Geʿez poem, likely a hymn or meditation on the church of Qusquam in Egypt, a major Marian pilgrimage site. The text survives in a single manuscript witness (Betä Mäsəḥəf 175) of uncertain provenance and date. Its style suggests a late medieval or early modern origin, but this is conjectural. The poem follows the standard Geʿez salutation hymn (malkǝʿ) form, with each stanza opening with 'ሰላም፡ ለ...' (Salutation to...). It narrates Mary's sorrow and displacement during the Holy Family's flight into Egypt, emphasizing her intercessory role and predestined place in salvation history.
The 'Image of Qʷǝsqʷām' is significant as a rare witness to Ethiopic Marian poetry focused on the Egyptian pilgrimage site of Qusquam. It exemplifies the adaptation of the malkǝʿ genre to a narrative of Mary's exile, blending liturgical form with apocryphal tradition. The poem's survival in a single manuscript highlights the fragility of Ethiopic textual transmission and the need for further study of late medieval Ethiopian devotional literature.
The poem is written in Geʿez, the classical liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. It survives in a single manuscript, Betä Mäsəḥəf 175, of uncertain date and provenance, limiting knowledge of its circulation. The work likely originated in the Ethiopian monastic or liturgical tradition, possibly in the context of devotion to the Virgin Mary and the pilgrimage site of Qusquam (Qʷǝsqʷām) in Egypt. The poem's style—a salutation hymn (malkǝʿ) with stanzas addressing Mary's attributes—is typical of late medieval or early modern Ethiopic poetry. The text reflects the apocryphal tradition of the Holy Family's flight into Egypt, a central theme in Ethiopic Marian literature. No explicit date or author is given; the poem's style suggests a late medieval or early modern origin, but this is conjectural. The edition provides no translation or commentary, and the Geʿez text alone is presented without critical apparatus.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
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