Work dossier · summary and historical context
The Image of the Sabbath of the Christians is an anonymous Geʿez poem in the malkǝʿ (image) hymn genre, typically used for saints or angels, here applied to the Sabbath day. The sole known witness is the manuscript underlying the edition betmas:LIT6018MalkaSanbat, with no other copies recorded. The work is undated; internal linguistic features suggest a post-15th-century date, but this remains unverified. The poem is not cited in known Ethiopian liturgical or canonical compilations, and its reception appears limited to the manuscript tradition of the edition. The edition provides no translation or commentary, only the Geʿez text without apparatus.
The poem is significant as a rare example of a malkǝʿ hymn dedicated to a day rather than a person, reflecting a distinctive Ethiopian Christian piety centered on Sabbath veneration. Its survival in a single manuscript highlights the fragility of such texts and the importance of manuscript studies. The work relates to broader Ethiopian traditions of Sabbath observance and hymnody, offering insight into local liturgical practices and theological emphases.
The poem is written in Geʿez, the classical liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, and survives in a single manuscript (betmas:LIT6018MalkaSanbat). Its genre, the malkǝʿ hymn, flourished in Ethiopia from the 15th century onward, often praising saints or angels. The application of this form to a day (the Sabbath) is unusual and suggests a later, possibly local development. The poem's instruction to be read on every Sunday and Sabbath indicates liturgical use, likely in Ethiopian Orthodox worship. The work's anonymity and lack of citation in standard compilations point to a limited, perhaps regional, circulation. The date is uncertain; linguistic features hint at a post-15th-century origin, but no firm evidence exists. The poem's themes—praise of the Sabbath, references to Noah and Moses, and a primordial light (Oryares)—align with Ethiopian Christian traditions emphasizing Sabbath observance.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
| Coptic | Rendering | Count | First |
|---|---|---|---|
| no glossary terms recorded | |||