Work dossier · summary and historical context
The Image of Krǝstos Śamrā (Malkǝʿ-hymn) is an anonymous Geʿez poem from the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition, praising the saint Krǝstos Śamrā ('Christ the Merciful'). The work survives in a single undated manuscript (Betä Mäsḥaf 299), likely from the 18th or 19th century. It follows the malkǝʿ genre, addressing the saint’s body parts in salutation stanzas, with narrative and biblical echoes. The text has limited liturgical diffusion and is not found in standard printed hagiographic collections. This edition provides the Geʿez text and an English draft, but no detailed commentary or translation.
This hymn provides rare evidence of devotional poetry dedicated to Krǝstos Śamrā, a saint otherwise well-known but with few surviving liturgical texts. It illustrates the malkǝʿ genre’s flexibility in incorporating narrative and biblical allusions, and its limited transmission highlights the diversity of local hagiographic practices in Ethiopian Christianity. The work also offers material for studying manuscript survival and the circulation of devotional literature in early modern Ethiopia.
The work belongs to the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition, which developed a rich hymnographic corpus in Geʿez. The malkǝʿ genre, a poetic form praising saints through bodily features, flourished from the 15th century onward, often in monastic settings. Krǝstos Śamrā is a popular saint in Ethiopia, but this particular hymn is known only from Betä Mäsḥaf 299, an undated manuscript. The absence of other copies and its omission from standard printed collections suggest limited circulation, possibly within a local church or monastery. The date of composition is uncertain; the manuscript’s script and materials point to the 18th or 19th century, but the text could be older. The hymn’s references to 'Roman' skin and 'Paul the Great' indicate engagement with broader Christian traditions, while its salutation pattern aligns with established malkǝʿ conventions.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
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