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Ethiopic · Poetry ·

Image of ʾƎda Krǝstos of Dabra Magʷinā

Anonymous · betmas

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Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

The anonymous Ethiopic malkǝʿ (image poem) in honor of ʾƎda Krǝstos of Dabra Magʷinā survives in a single manuscript witness (betmas). Following the standard malkǝʿ structure, each stanza praises a part of the saint's body or attribute. The work is undated and its liturgical or devotional use is unconfirmed, though it belongs to the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition. The edition provides no translation or commentary, so readers without Geʿez must rely on an English draft that may not capture all poetic or theological nuances.

This malkǝʿ is the only known witness to the veneration of ʾƎda Krǝstos of Dabra Magʷinā, a saint otherwise obscure in Ethiopian hagiography. Its survival in a single manuscript highlights the fragility of local devotional traditions. The poem's structure and epithets (e.g., 'Hand of Christ') contribute to the study of malkǝʿ poetics and the theological imagery of divine agency in Ethiopian Orthodox literature.

Historical context

The malkǝʿ genre flourished in Ethiopian Orthodox literature from at least the 14th century, often composed for saints and angels. ʾƎda Krǝstos ('Hand of Christ') is a saint associated with Dabra Magʷinā, a monastery whose history is poorly documented. The sole witness, manuscript betmas, is not securely dated; paleographic estimates are lacking, so the work cannot be assigned to a specific century. The poem's mention of Takla Haymanot (13th–14th c.) and Saint George suggests a Solomonic monastic milieu, but this does not date the poem itself. The text's limited circulation may indicate a local or ephemeral devotional context. No external evidence confirms its ritual use, and the edition offers no translation or commentary, leaving the Geʿez text largely inaccessible to non-specialists.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

12 commentary units 2 structure2 term2 background2 scripture2 reception2 caution 0 derived notes 3 open questions 2 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: poetry in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 2 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
LIT0150Malke:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለዕለተ፡ ፅንስከ፡ እንተ፡ ባረካ፡ ፈድፉደ፨ እምነ፡ ዕለታት፡ ፈጣሪ፡ ከመ፡ ባረከ፡ እሑድ፨ እደ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ያዕቆብ፡ ኀበ፡ ዲበ፡ በትሩ፡ ሰገደ፨ ባርክ፡ ባርክ፡ ውሉደከ፡ እንዘ፡ ያስተኅልፍ፡ እደ፨ አርአያ፡ ውስተ፡ ግብጽ፡ ባረከ፡ ዘወልዱ፡ ውሉደ፨ ሰላም፡ ለልደትከ፡ እምበረከተ፡ እድ፡ ማሕፀን፨ አእላፈ፡ አእላፋት፡ ትለድ፡ ከመ፡ ወለደት፡ መካን፨ እደ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ነጋዲ፡ በዓለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ምናን፨ በኅዳጥ፡ ምእመነ፡ እስመ፡ ኮንከ፡ ውስተ፡ ቤተ፡ እግዚእ፡ መድኅን፨ ብአዲበ፡ ብዙኅ፡ ለሊከ፡ ምእመን፨ ሰላም፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምከ፡ አበ፡ ብዙኃን፡ ዘተጸውዐ፨ በልሳነ፡ ሕዝብ፡ ዘውስጥ፡ ወበአፈ፡ አሕዛብ፡ ዘአፍአ፨ ተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ኢዮብ፡ ሶበ፡ ኪያከ፡ ኃጥአ፨ ይቤ፡ ሊተ፡ እደ፡ አምላክ፡ ወልደ፡ ባቍዐ፨ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወሀበ፡ ወለሊሁ፡ ነሥአ፨ ሰላም፡ ለአፉከ፡ አፈ፡ ጳውሎስ፡ ዐዋዲ፨ ዘበሃይማኖት፡ አውገዘ፡ አርድእተ፡ መልአክ፡ ከሓዲ፨ ተፈሥሐ፡ ብከ፡ አምኃ፡ ጊዮርጊስ፡ ምስለ፡ አብሳዲ፨ ውስተ፡ ባሕር፡ መክሊተ፡ ለአርብሖ፡ እደ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ነጋዲ፨ እስመ፡ በጠቢብ፡ ወልድ፡ ይትፌሣሕ፡ ወላዲ፨
English
Salutation to the day of your conception, which blessed the multitude. More than the days of the Creator, as Sunday blessed. The Hand of Christ, Jacob, where he bowed upon his staff. Bless, bless your children, while the Hand passes over. An image in Egypt blessed, whose son is a child. Salutation to your birth from the blessing of the Hand of the womb. Thousands of thousands you shall bear, as the barren one bore. The Hand of Christ, the Shepherd, lord of the faith, a gift. In the last of the faithful, for you were in the house of the Lord, the Savior. In many places, you yourself, a believer. Salutation to the remembrance of your name, father of many, which was called. By the tongue of the people within, and by the mouth of the peoples without. Takla Haymanot, Job, when he sinned against you. He said to me, "Hand of God, son of Baqʿa." The Lord gave, and he himself took. Salutation to your mouth, the mouth of Paul, the proclaimer. Who by faith subdued the deniers of the angelic orders. Rejoiced in you, many, George with the Abyssinians. In the sea of the measure, to make the Hand of Christ, the Shepherd, a quarter. For by a wise son, the parent rejoices.
LIT0150Malke:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋከ፡ በአፈ፡ ብፅዓን፡ ዘተበፅዐ፨ እምፍልሰተ፡ ነቢይ፡ ኤልያስ፡ ዘመሥዋዕተ፡ ስብሐት፡ ሦዐ፨ ኦእዱ፡ ለዘሥጋ፡ ድንግል፡ ነሥአ፨ አባ፡ ሀበኒ፡ ለወልድከ፡ መስተስርየ፡ ጌጋይ፡ አንብዐ፨ እስመ፡ ከመ፡ እብን፡ ጽኑዕ፡ ኅሊናየ፡ ጸንዐ፨ አመ፡ እትወቱ፡ ለሥጋከ፡ እምሀገረ፡ ሕዝብ፡ ነኪር፨ መካነ፡ ቅዱሳን፡ መጒና፡ ብአዓልተ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ወፍቅር፨ በትእዛዘ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ኢያሱ፡ ዘአዕማደ፡ ቤቱ፡ ብሩር፨ እንዘይብሉ፡ ተቀበሉከ፡ ካህናተ፡ ሐዲስ፡ ምስጢር፨ ይበዝኅ፡ ከመ፡ ዘግባ፡ ወይፈሪ፡ ከመ፡ በቀልት፡ ዕሤትከ፡ እደ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ በቅድመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፨ ለንጉሠ፡ ነገሥት፡ ፍቅርከ፡ ለዘወሀብኩ፡ አምኃ፨ እደ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሀበኒ፡ ፍዳ፡ ፍቅርየ፡ ፍሥሓ፨ እስመ፡ ጻድቅ፡ ይሁብ፡ እንበይነ፡ ኅዳጥ፡ ብዙኀ፨ ኃጥእሰ፡ ዘከማየ፡ ኢይፈዲ፡ ዘተለቅሐ፨ ወውስተ፡ ፍትሕ፡ ኢያረትዕ፡ ፍትሐ፨
English
Salutation to the translation of your body, by the mouth of the blessed one, which was blessed. More than the translation of the prophet Elijah, of the hour of the sacrifice of praise. O Hand, to the one who took the flesh of the virgin. Father, give me for your son the interpreter of the secret of the hidden one, who is like a hard stone, my mind has endured. When I sought your body from the land of a foreign people, the place of the saints, Magwina, full of faith and love. By the command of the king, Iyasu, who established his house of silver. While they said, "Receive you," the priests of the new mystery. Your gift, the Hand of Jesus, is abundant like the forest and fearsome like the mule, before God. For the king of kings, your love, to which I gave gifts. Hand of Christ, give me the price of my love, joy. For the righteous one gives, from the small, much. The sinner, like me, does not pay what is owed. And in the judgment, he does not make the judgment mild.
Citation. Tergwame, “Image of ʾƎda Krǝstos of Dabra Magʷinā”, LIT0150Malke:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/LIT0150Malke#s1
Colophon. Source: betmas · licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0017 · generated 2026-11-15.