Work dossier · summary and historical context
The work is a malkeʿ (image poem) in honor of ʾAfqaranna ʾƎgziʾ of Degʷa, a saint venerated in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo tradition. The genre is poetic, structured in stanzas praising the saint’s attributes. The text survives in manuscript tradition, likely copied in monastic scriptoria. Its preservation depends on liturgical use, as malkeʿ poems are recited on saints’ feast days. The composition date is uncertain; malkeʿ poems typically originate from the 15th–18th centuries. No colophon or external evidence in the source edition provides a firm date for this specific work. The source edition (betmas) does not include a critical apparatus or variant readings, limiting assessment of textual stability.
This malkeʿ poem contributes to the study of Ethiopic hymnody and saint veneration, illustrating how local saints like ʾAfqaranna ʾƎgziʾ were integrated into liturgical poetry. Its metaphorical language and trinitarian formulas reflect theological and ascetic themes in Ethiopian Orthodox tradition. The work relates to other malkeʿ poems and Geʿez liturgical texts, offering insights into medieval Ethiopian spirituality and manuscript culture.
The malkeʿ genre flourished in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo tradition from the 15th to the 18th centuries, composed in Geʿez for liturgical use. These poems honor saints, often with trinitarian invocations and metaphorical language blending ascetic and sacramental imagery. The work venerates ʾAfqaranna ʾƎgziʾ of Degʷa, a saint whose cult likely centered in the Degʷa region of Ethiopia. The text was transmitted through monastic scriptoria, copied for recitation on feast days. The phrase 'from the fifth time' may allude to a tradition of five periods in salvation history, common in Ethiopic theology. The invocation of Ḥannā (Hannah) as 'fruit of the womb of wisdom' allegorizes the biblical mother of Samuel. Without colophons or external dating, the work's precise origin remains uncertain, but it fits within the broader corpus of Ethiopic malkeʿ poetry.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
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