Work dossier · summary and historical context
The work is an anonymous Geʿez malkəʿ (image hymn) in honor of Marqorewos, a saint venerated in the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition. The text survives in a manuscript from Dabra Dəmāḥ, a monastery in northern Ethiopia, and is preserved in the betmas edition without translation or critical apparatus. The composition date is unknown, but the genre and liturgical use suggest a medieval origin. The poem follows the standard malkəʿ structure, with each stanza beginning with 'Salutation to' and addressing a body part or attribute of the saint. It employs common Geʿez metaphors and reflects a polemical context against Jews and Muslims, asserting the saint's universal renown.
This malkəʿ provides insight into the veneration of Egyptian martyrs in Ethiopian Christianity and the adaptation of the malkəʿ genre for non-native saints. Its survival from Dabra Dəmāḥ highlights the role of northern Ethiopian monasteries in preserving liturgical poetry. The text's polemical elements and use of Geʿez metaphors contribute to understanding Ethiopian Orthodox identity and literary conventions.
The malkəʿ genre flourished in Ethiopian Orthodox literature from at least the 14th century, often composed for local saints or imported martyrs. Marqorewos is identified with the 4th-century Egyptian martyr Mark, whose cult spread to Ethiopia via the Synaxarion. The manuscript from Dabra Dəmāḥ, a monastery in northern Ethiopia, indicates the work's use in liturgical commemoration, likely on the saint's feast day. The text's survival in a single manuscript without colophon or paleographic analysis leaves its date uncertain, but the genre and content suggest a medieval composition, possibly between the 14th and 17th centuries. The poem's polemical references to Jews and Muslims reflect the religious landscape of the Ethiopian highlands, where Christian communities interacted with Jewish and Muslim populations. The work is transmitted as part of the broader Ethiopian hagiographical tradition, often copied in manuscripts alongside other malkəʿ and gädl (hagiographies).
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
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