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Ethiopic · Poetry ·

Second Image of Mary Zion

Anonymous · betmas

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machine-draft · no human review 4 passages · 668 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

The Second Image of Mary Zion is an anonymous Geʿez poem preserved in a single manuscript (betmas:LIT2893RepCh174) alongside other Marian hymns. Its language and theology align with the 15th–16th-century Ethiopian Golden Age of Marian literature, but no colophon or external evidence fixes its composition more precisely. The poem employs the standard Geʿez salutation form (ሰላም ለ...), addressing Mary’s name, head, and neck in sequence. It alludes to biblical and apocryphal traditions, including the fall of Dagon before the Ark (1 Samuel 5:3–4), the defeat of Belteshazzar (Daniel 5), and Solomon’s blessing of the Ark (Kebra Nagast). The term 'ሴሎ' (Selo) remains obscure, possibly a liturgical response or place name. The work’s limited manuscript attestation suggests narrow circulation, and it is not known to have been used in the Ethiopian liturgical cycle or the Taʾammərā Maryam collection.

The Second Image of Mary Zion exemplifies the rich Marian poetic tradition of 15th–16th-century Ethiopia, blending biblical typology with local traditions about the Ark of the Covenant. Its unique manuscript survival and obscure elements like 'Selo' offer a window into the diversity of Ethiopian devotional literature beyond the well-known Taʾammərā Maryam. The poem’s conflation of Dagon, Bel, and Belteshazzar with the Ark’s power illustrates the creative exegesis characteristic of Ethiopian Christian poetry.

Historical context

The poem is composed in Geʿez, the classical liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. Its theology and poetic form are consistent with the 15th–16th-century Ethiopian Golden Age of Marian literature, a period of intense hymnographic and hagiographic production centered on the Virgin Mary. The work survives in a single manuscript (betmas:LIT2893RepCh174) that also contains other Marian poems; no colophon or scribal note provides a date or place of copying. The poem’s allusions to the Ark of the Covenant (Tabot) and to Solomon’s blessing reflect the Ethiopian tradition of the Ark’s transfer to Ethiopia, as narrated in the Kebra Nagast. The obscure term 'ሴሎ' (Selo) may be a liturgical response or a place name, but its function remains uncertain. The work’s limited manuscript attestation and absence from the liturgical cycle or the Taʾammərā Maryam collection indicate a narrow circulation, possibly within a specific monastic or regional context.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

24 commentary units 5 term4 structure4 scripture4 background4 caution2 parallel1 reception 0 derived notes 9 open questions 4 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: poetry in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 4 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
LIT2893RepCh174:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምኪ፡ ስመ፡ ዕበይ፡ ወተልዕሎ፨ ዘያጸድቆ፡ ለኃጥእ፡ ሶበ፡ ይጼውዐኪ፡ በተወክሎ፨ ማርያም፡ ጽዮን፡ ታቦተ፡ ቀዳሚት፡ ሴሎ፨ ለስምኪ፡ ቅዱስ፡ በውሑድ፡ ተንብሎ፨ ናሁ፡ ወጠንኩ፡ ሰላመ፡ እብሎ ሰላም፡ ሰላም፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምኪ፡ ሐመር፨ ዘአዕደወ፡ ዓለመ፡ እምቀላየ፡ ጻማ፡ ወጻዕር፨ ማርያም፡ ጽዮን፡ ልዕልተ፡ ስም፡ ወዝክር፨ ይገንዩ፡ ለዕበይኪ፡ ተዐይነ፡ ሰማይ፡ ወምድር፨ እስመ፡ ወለድኪዮ፡ ለእግዚኦሙ፡ በመንክር፡ ምስጢር፨ ሰላም፡ ለርእስኪ፡ ቅብአ፡ ቅድስና፡ መንክር፨ ዘተቀብአ፡ ቅድመ፡ በእደ፡ እግዚአብሔር፨ ታቦተ፡ መድኃኒት፡ ጽዮን፡ ወመርገመ፡ አረፍት፡ ዘሰናኦር፨ ላዕሌኪ፡ አመ፡ ተጽሕፈ፡ ፊደለ፡ ህላዌ፡ ክቡር፨ ብልጣሶር፡ ሰይጣን፡ ተቀትለ፡ በምዕር፨ ሰላም፡ ለክሳድኪ፡ ዘአነቀ፡ ቃማ፡ ብፅዓን፨ በአፈ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ሰሎሞን፨ ታቦተ፡ መድኃኒት፡ ጽዮን፡ ነገደ፡ ካልኣን፨ አመ፡ ፄወዉኪ፡ በግበ፡ ኤሊ፡ ካህን፨ ተቀጥቀጠ፡ ቤል፡ ወወድቀ፡ ዳጎን፨
English
Salutation to the memory of your name, a name of greatness and height, which justifies the sinner when he invokes you in trust. Mary Zion, the first Tabot, Selo. To your holy name, uniquely proclaimed, behold, I have begun to speak a salutation. Salutation, salutation to the memory of your name, a red [name], which delivered the world from the affliction of thirst and drought. Mary Zion, exalted in name and memory; the eye of heaven and earth marvels at your greatness, for you bore the Lord for them in a wondrous mystery. Salutation to your head, anointed with the oil of holiness, a wonder, which was anointed before by the hand of God. Tabot of salvation, Zion, and the curse of the dust of Sennacherib. Upon you, when the writing of the glorious existence was inscribed, Belteshazzar, Satan, was slain in the cave. Salutation to your neck, which received the word of blessing from the mouth of King Solomon. Tabot of salvation, Zion, the tribe of the Canaanites. When you were carried on the shoulder of Eli the priest, Bel trembled and Dagon fell.
LIT2893RepCh174:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለአጥባትኪ፡ እለ፡ አውሐዛ፡ ሐሊበ፨ አመ፡ ወለድኪ፡ ወልደ፡ እንበለ፡ ታእምሪ፡ ሰብሳበ፨ ማርያም፡ ልብየ፡ በሐብለ፡ ፍቅርኪ፡ ተስሕበ፨ መኑ፡ ከማኪ፡ ጽዮን፡ እምትውልደ፡ አንስት፡ ተረክበ፨ በድንግልና፡ ዘአጥበወ፡ ጥበ፨ ሰላም፡ ለኅሊናኪ፡ ኅአልዮ፡ ርኅራኄ፡ ልማዱ፨ ለኵሉ፡ ፍጥረት፡ በበ፡ ዘመዱ፨ ማርያም፡ ጽዮን፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ማኅፈዱ፨ እስመ፡ ኀደረ፡ ላዕሌኪ፡ እምነ፡ ሥልስቱ፡ አሐዱ፨ ዕድዋኒሃ፡ ለነፍስ፡ ደንገፁ፡ ወርዕዱ፨ ሰላም፡ ለንዋየ፡ ውስጥኪ፡ አምሳለ፡ ቀዳሚት፡ ሀይከል፨ ዘይጼልል፡ ባቲ፡ መንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ምሥሃል፨ ማርያም፡ ጽዮን፡ ታቦተ፡ ሕጉ፡ ለልዑል፨ አመ፡ ተሥዕለ፡ ላዕሌኪ፡ ፊደለ፡ ባሕርዩ፡ ለቃል፨ እምዓለም፡ ሰሰለ፡ ምንሳዌ፡ ወሐጕል፨ ሰላም፡ ለትንሣኤኪ፡ በኀይለ፡ ወልድኪ፡ ኢመዋቲ፨ እምነ፡ ሙታን፡ ተንሣእኪ፡ እምድኅረ፡ ዕለታት፡ ክልኤቲ፨ ዐጽቀ፡ መድኃኒት፡ ጽዮን፡ ዘሠረፅኪ፡ እምጕንደ፡ ማቲ፨ ኢይትዔረይዋ፡ ዘንተ፡ ለክብረ፡ ትንሣኤኪ፡ ዛቲ፨ ትንሣኤ፡ ምዉት፡ ዘቢታንያ፡ ወወለት፡ አሐቲ፨
English
Salutation to your Tabot, which held the milk when you gave birth to the Son without knowing union. Mary, my heart is bound by the cord of your love. Who is like you, Zion, found among the generation of women, who in virginity bore the child? Salutation to your mind, whose custom is the fullness of compassion, for every creature according to its kind. Mary Zion, the sanctuary of God, for one of the Trinity dwelt upon you. The enemies of the soul are his terror and his will. Salutation to the interior of your womb, like the first Tabernacle, in which the Holy Spirit shines. Mary Zion, the Tabot of the Law of the Most High, when the writing of the nature of the Word was inscribed upon you, from the world the measure of height and circumference. Salutation to your resurrection by the power of your Son, the living one. You arose from the dead after two days. The tree of salvation, Zion, which you sprouted from the root of the mother. Who can comprehend this, for the glory of this your resurrection? The resurrection of the dead in Bethany and the one daughter.
LIT2893RepCh174:3 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለዕርገትኪ፡ እምዝኅርኪ፡ ሊቶስጥራ፨ አመ፡ ዕርገትኪ፡ ኮነ፡ ውስተ፡ ሰማያዊት፡ ደብተራ፨ ማርያም፡ ጽዮን፡ ክልልተ፡ መዊእ፡ ጌራ፨ ተቀበሉኪ፡ አሜሃ፡ ሥርግዋነ፡ ዕበይ፡ ሐራ፨ እንዘ፡ ይዜምሩ፡ በሐዋዝ፡ ዕንዚራ፨ ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ እምጌቴሴማኒ፡ ዔላም፨ አመ፡ ፍልሰትኪ፡ ኮነ፡ ውስተ፡ ሰማያዊት፡ ሳሌም፨ ማርያም፡ ጽዮን፡ ጸወነ፡ ምእመናን፡ ዘቅድም፨ ወረዱ፡ ይትቀበሉኪ፡ ምስለ፡ አቡኪ፡ አዳም፥ አበው፡ ቅዱሳን፡ አብርሃም፡ ወሴም፨ በዝንቱ፡ ማሕሌት፡ ኀቤኪ፡ ዘሰአለ፨ ወበኪዳንኪ፡ ዘተወከለ፨ ማርያም፡ ለኪ፡ ከመ፡ ወልድኪ፡ መሐለ፨ ኵሉ፡ ሰብእ፡ ውስተ፡ ዐውደ፡ ሥቃይ፡ ዘኤለ፨ ፍጡነ፡ እምኔኪ፡ ይረክብ፡ ሣህል፨ እንዘ፡ ሀሎኩ፡ በተሰዶ፡ ሶበ፡ ፍቅርኪ፡ አገበረኒ፨ ሐለይኩ፡ ለኪ፡ ማሕሌተ፡ በቃለ፡ ሰቆቃው፡ ማኅዘኒ፨ ማርያም፡ ጽዮን፡ ወላዲተ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ መድኃኒ፨ እንበለ፡ ጐንድዮ፡ ዐስበ፡ ጻማየ፡ ይኩነኒ፨ መንገለ፡ ንስሓ፡ ፍጡነ፡ ሜጥኒ፨
English
Salutation to your Assumption from your flesh, Litosṭra. When your Assumption occurred, it was within the heavenly book. Mary Zion, crowned with the crown of grace. They received you there, the noble ones of great beauty, while they sang with the sweet sound of the cithara. Salutation to the translation of your body from Gethsemane, the sanctuary. When your translation occurred, it was within the heavenly Salem. Mary Zion, the hope of the faithful of old. They descended to receive you together with your father Adam, the holy fathers Abraham and Shem. In this hymn, he who implored you, and who trusted in your covenant, Mary, swore to you as your son. Every person who enters the arena of suffering, quickly from you will obtain mercy. While I was in distress, when your love troubled me, I composed for you a hymn in the voice of lamentation and sorrow. Mary Zion, mother of Christ the Savior, without deceit, may my fasting be for me a guide to repentance quickly.
LIT2893RepCh174:4 · narrativemedium
Source
ስብሐት፡ ለኪ፡ ጽዮን፡ ማርያም፡ በኍልቈ፡ ኵሉ፡ ሥዕርትየ፨ ስብሐት፡ ለኪ፡ ጽዮን፡ ማርያም፡ በኍልቈ፡ ኵሉ፡ አዕጽምትየ፨ ስብሐት፡ ለኪ፡ ጽዮን፡ ማርያም፡ በኍልቈ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘተርእየ፨ ስብሐት፡ ለኪ፡ ጽዮን፡ ማርያም፡ በኍልቈ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘኢያስተርአየ፨ ስብሐተ፡ ድንግልናኪ፡ ዘልፈ፡ ይነግር፡ አፉየ፨ ዘኢያፈቅረኪ፡ ጽዮን፡ ማርያም፡ ውኩፈ፡ ኢይኩን፡ ጸሎቱ፨ ይትገዘም፡ ኑኀ፡ ዓመቱ፡ ወይጥፋእ፡ በከንቱ፨ በአፈ፡ መላእክት፡ ወሰብእ፡ ይትረገም፡ ለለ፡ ሰዓቱ፨ ዘያስተማስሎ፡ በተውኔት፡ ለማሕሌተ፡ ንግሥኪ፡ ዝንቱ፨ ጌጋዩ፡ ኃጢአቱ፡ ኢይትኀደግ፡ ሎቱ፨
English
Praise to you, Mary Zion, in the number of all my hairs. Praise to you, Mary Zion, in the number of all my bones. Praise to you, Mary Zion, in the number of all that is seen. Praise to you, Mary Zion, in the number of all that is unseen. The praise of your virginity, which my mouth ever proclaims. He who does not love you, Mary Zion, his prayer is not accepted. The length of his years is cut short, and he perishes in vain. By the mouth of angels and men he is stoned every hour. He who meditates upon the song of your kingship in the Torah, his error and sin are not forgiven him.
Citation. Tergwame, “Second Image of Mary Zion”, LIT2893RepCh174:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/LIT2893RepCh174#s1
Colophon. Source: betmas · licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0028 · generated 2026-11-15.