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Ethiopic · Poetry ·

Image of John / Image of Yoḥannǝs I

Anonymous · betmas

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Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

The Image of John / Image of Yoḥannǝs I is an anonymous Geʿez poetic encomium of John the Evangelist, composed in acrostic and rhythmic parallelism typical of Ethiopian hymnography. The sole known witness is the manuscript edited in betmas:LIT2870RepCh151, with no other copies recorded. The poem is attributed to Yoḥannǝs I, but the edition provides no external evidence for this attribution, and the date of composition is unstated. The work is not cited in the dossier of Coptic or Latin apocrypha, suggesting limited influence outside Ethiopic tradition. The edition lacks a critical apparatus, and variant readings are not recorded.

This encomium exemplifies the Ethiopic malkǝʾ genre, offering insight into local devotional practices and poetic forms. Its limited transmission and lack of external attestation highlight the challenges of studying Ethiopian hymnography. The work's attribution to Yoḥannǝs I, though uncertain, may reflect a tradition of associating John the Evangelist with Ethiopian monastic ideals.

Historical context

The work belongs to the Ethiopic Christian tradition, likely composed in the Geʿez language within the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The genre of malkǝʾ (image) poetry, which praises saints through acrostic salutations to body parts, flourished in Ethiopia from the late first millennium CE onward, but the precise date of this encomium is unknown. The sole witness is a manuscript held in a collection cataloged in betmas:LIT2870RepCh151, with no other copies recorded in the cited Hollis records. The poem's attribution to Yoḥannǝs I is unsubstantiated, and the text shows no clear connection to Coptic or Latin apocryphal traditions, indicating a primarily local Ethiopian circulation. The edition lacks a critical apparatus, and the basis for the Geʿez text is not described, limiting historical analysis.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

18 commentary units 3 term3 scripture3 background3 reception2 structure2 parallel2 caution 0 derived notes 6 open questions 3 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: poetry in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 3 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
LIT2870RepCh151:1 · narrativemedium
Source
the text from Malkea Gubae as edited by A. Dickinson at ሰላም፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምከ፡ ዘበመጽሐፈ፡ ሕግ፡ ተሐትመ፨ ወለሥዕርትከ፡ ሜላት፡ ዘበፈትለ፡ ሥጋ፡ ተአንመ፨ ባሕታዊ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ እስመ፡ መነንከ፡ ዓለመ፨ በጽላሎትከ፡ ይነቅሕ፡ ዘኖመ፨ ወበሰበንከ፡ ይትፌወስ፡ ዘሐመ፨ ሰላም፡ ለርእስከ፡ ዘይደልዎ፡ ውዳሴ፨ ወለገጽከ፡ ስቡሕ፡ ተመሳሌ፡ ገጹ፡ ለሙሴ፨ ውስተ፡ ዝኅር፡ ዮሐንስ፡ እምአመ፡ ኮንከ፡ ፈላሴ፨ ይበክዩ፡ በእንቲአከ፡ ምስለ፡ ቤተ፡ ዳዊት፡ ዘእሤ፨ ኤፍሬም፡ በከዋላ፡ ወበፍጽም፡ ምናሴ፨ ሰላም፡ ለክሳድከ፡ ወለመታክፍቲከ፡ ጕርዔ፨ እለ፡ ዕሩቃተ፡ ኮና፡ እምአርዑተ፡ አይሁድ፡ ዝንጋዔ፨ እምዘርአ፡ ሥርናይ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ መበይነ፡ ክርዳድ፡ መሥዔ፨ ተሐደሰት፡ በመንግሥትከ፡ ዘቈስጠንጢኖስ፡ ጉባኤ፨ ወበመንግሥትከ፡ ሰዱቃዊ፡ አእመረ፡ ትንሣኤ፨ ሰላም፡ ለሕፅንከ፡ ምጽላለ፡ ነዳይ፡ ብእሲ፨ ወለአእዳዊከ፡ አብትር፡ መቅሠፍታተ፡ ርእሱ፡ ለከይሲ፨ አበ፡ ምኔተ፡ ደብር፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ወዮሐንስ፡ አበ፡ ነጋሢ፨ ምስለ፡ አኖሬዎስ፡ ዘበሰማያት፡ ኀሣሢ፨ ወአማናዊ፡ ቢጽከ፡ ዳንኤል፡ ፈላሲ፨
English
Salutation to the memory of your name, which is sealed in the book of the Law, and to the beauty of your hair, which is woven in the texture of the flesh. The solitary Yoḥannǝs, for you renounced the world; by your shadow, he who slept is awakened, and by your preaching, he who burned is comforted. Salutation to your head, which is adorned with praise, and to your beautiful face, which resembles the face of Mosē. Within this, Yoḥannǝs, from the time you became a monk, they weep for you, together with the house of Dāwit, who is ʾEsē, ʾEfrēm in her crown, and in the fullness of Menāsē. Salutation to your neck and to your shoulders, the throat, which are far from the circumcision of the Jews, the strangers. From the seed of Śərnāy, Yoḥannǝs, the place of the thorns, the altar; it was renewed in your kingdom, the assembly of Qʷosṭanṭinos, and in your kingdom, the Sadducee understood the resurrection. Salutation to your bosom, the refuge of the poor man, and to your hands, the rod, the punishments of the head of the deceiver. Father of the gift of the mountain, Yoḥannǝs, and Yoḥannǝs, father of the herald, together with ʾAnoreyos, who in the heavens is the grass, and the faithful, your righteousness, Dāniʾēl the monk.
LIT2870RepCh151:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለእመትከ፡ ወለእራኅከ፡ እብል፨ ሀብተ፡ በረከት፡ መጥዎ፡ ወተመጥዎ፡ ዘይክል፨ መልዕልተ፡ ርእስከ፡ ሤመት፡ ንግሥተ፡ እስራኤል፡ ድንግል፨ አክሊለ፡ ሰማያዊ፡ ህየንተ፡ ምድራዊ፡ አክሊል፨ በምድር፡ ወሰማይ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ባዕል፨ ሰላም፡ ለአብራኪከ፡ ዘአጻመዎን፡ ሰጊድ፨ ወለአእጋሪከ፡ አብያጽ፡ አዕማደ፡ ሥጋ፡ ማኅፈድ፨ አስከሬነ፡ ወርቅ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ምሥያመ፡ ኢያሱ፡ መረግድ፨ መንበርከ፡ ዘኢፈለሰ፡ መንገለ፡ ካልእ፡ ነገድ፨ ስብሐት፡ ለአብ፡ ወስብሐት፡ ለወልድ፨ ሰላም፡ ለፀአተ፡ ነፍስከ፡ በዕለተ፡ ዐባይ፡ ሰንበት፨ ወለበድነ፡ ሥጋከ፡ ክቡር፡ መንቅሔ፡ ሥጋ፡ ምውት፨ ማኅቶትነ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ተኀድገነ፡ ለምንት፨ አኮኑ፡ ተኣምር፡ እግዚኦ፡ ለእመ፡ ጠፍአ፡ ማኅቶት፨ ከመ፡ ንጻሬ፡ ይጠፍእ፡ ወይጸልም፡ ቤት፨ ሕዝበ፡ እስራኤል፡ ያብኡ፡ ለንጉሦሙ፡ ጸባሕተ፨ እስከ፡ ይእዜ፡ እምሳኦል፡ እስመ፡ አቀሙ፡ ሥርዓተ፨ ተመጠወኒ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ጻማ፡ ከናፍርየ፡ ሊተ፨ ወተወከፍ፡ ፍርል፡ አፉየ፡ እንበለ፡ ትበለኒ፡ አንተ፨ ዘንተ፡ አሠነይከ፡ ወአኅሠምከ፡ ዘንተ፨ The following incipit is taken from .
English
Salutation to your mother and to your companion, I say. The gift of blessing has come and has been doubled, which is sufficient. Above your head, a crown, the queen of Israel, the virgin. A heavenly crown instead of an earthly crown. On earth and in heaven, Yoḥannǝs is a master. Salutation to your knees, which the worshiper has adorned, and to your legs, the pillars of the flesh, the foundation. The gold of your corpse, Yoḥannǝs, the anointing of Jesus, the chosen one. Your throne, which has departed to another race. Glory to the Father and glory to the Son. Salutation to the departure of your soul on the day of the great Sabbath, and to the burial of your flesh, a precious receptacle of dead flesh. Our teacher Yoḥannǝs, why have you abandoned us? Is it not a miracle, O Lord, if the teacher is lost? As the moon wanes and the house darkens. The people of Israel bring offerings to their king in the morning. Until now, from Saul, for they established a custom. They have besought me, Yoḥannǝs, the thirst of my lips for me. And accept the offering of my mouth without you saying to me, "You have made this and you have completed this.
LIT2870RepCh151:3 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምከ፡ ዘበመጽሐፈ፡ ሕግ፡ ተሐትመ። ወለሥዕርትከ፡ ሜላት፡ ዘበፈትለ፡ ሥጋ፡ ተአንመ፨ ባሕታዊ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ እስመ፡ መነንከ፡ ዓለም፨ በጽላሎትከ፡ ይነቅሕ፡ ዘኖመ፨ ወበሰበንከ፡ ይትፌወስ፡ ዘሐመ፨ ሰላም፡ ለርእስከ፡ ዘይደልው፡ ውዳሴ፨ ወለገጽከ፡ ስቡሕ፡ ተመሳሌ፡ ገጹ፡ ለሙሴ፨ ውስተ፡ ገዳመ፡ ዘኅር፡ ዮሐንስ፡ እምአመ፡ ኮንከ፡ ፈላሴ። ይበክዩ፡ በእንቲአከ፡ ምስለ፡ ቤተ፡ ዳዊት፡ ወዕሴ፨ ኤፍሬም፡ በከዋላ፡ ወበፍጽም፡ ምናሴ፨ The following explicit is taken from . በልዎ፡ ሕዝብ፡ በደብረ፡ ጽዮን፡ መካኑ፨ ለኖላዊነ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ዘመንግሥትከ፡ በትረ፡ የማኑ፨ አባግዒከ፡ ውሉደ፡ አማኅፀንከ፡ ለመኑ፨ ቦኑ፡ ቦኑ፡ ኢተኃዝን፡ ቦኑ፨ እመ፡ ውስተ፡ ገዳም፡ ወሐቅል፡ ዝርዋነ፡ ኮኑ፨ ደቂቀ፡ እስራኤል፡ ያብኡ፡ ለንጉሦሙ፡ ጸባሕተ፨ እስከ፡ ይእዜ፡ እምሰኦል፡ እስመ፡ አቀሙ፡ ሥርዓተ፨ ተወክፈኒ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ፃማ፡ ከናፍርየ፡ ሊተ፨ ወተወከፍ፡ ፍሬ፡ አፉየ፡ እንበለ፡ ትበሊኒ፡ አንተ፡ ዘንተ፡ አሠነይከ፡ ወአሕሠምከ፡ ዘንተ፨
English
Salutation to the memory of your name, which is sealed in the book of the Law, and to the hair of your head, the lock of hair that was woven into the flesh. The solitary Yoḥannǝs, for you renounced the world. By your shadow, he who slept is awakened; and by your preaching, he who was feverish is consoled. Salutation to your head, which is worthy of praise, and to your face, glorious, resembling the face of Musē. In the wilderness of Ḫǝr, Yoḥannǝs, from the time you became a monk, the house of Dāwit and ʿĒsē weep for you, with Efrem behind and Menasē at the end. Say, O people, on Dabra Ṣǝyon is his place, for the monastic Yoḥannǝs, the scepter of your right hand in your kingdom. Your sheep, the children of your womb, whose are they? They are, they are, the captives, they are. If in the wilderness and the field they became scattered, the children of Esrāʾēl bring morning to their king. Until now, from Šāʾul, for they established an ordinance. Accept for me, Yoḥannǝs, the thirst of my lips, and accept the fruit of my mouth without consuming me, you who have adorned and beautified this.
Citation. Tergwame, “Image of John / Image of Yoḥannǝs I”, LIT2870RepCh151:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/LIT2870RepCh151#s1
Colophon. Source: betmas · licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0023 · generated 2026-11-15.