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Image of Takla Ḥawārǝyāt of Dabra Ṣəmmonā

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Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

The Malkeʿ of Takla Ḥawārǝyāt of Dabra Ṣəmmonā is an anonymous Geʿez praise poem dedicated to a saint of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. It follows the conventional malkeʿ structure, opening with a trinitarian invocation and proceeding through a series of salutations (ሰላም) that honor the saint. The poem survives in a single manuscript, Bet Mas 142, likely from the 18th–19th century, with no other known witnesses. Its textual tradition is narrow, and its liturgical use appears limited. The edition presents the Geʿez text without translation or commentary, restricting access for non-specialists. The work reflects the hagiographic and poetic traditions of Ethiopian monasticism, particularly the veneration of Takla Ḥawārǝyāt, a figure associated with the monastery of Dabra Ṣəmmonā in northern Ethiopia.

This malkeʿ is a rare witness to the veneration of Takla Ḥawārǝyāt, a saint not widely attested in other sources. Its poetic structure and rare vocabulary (e.g., ኢይቅኒ for 'thorn hedge') offer insights into the linguistic and literary creativity of Ethiopian monastic poets. The work also illustrates the adaptation of biblical motifs, such as the angelic hymn from Luke 2:14, into local hagiographic contexts, contributing to the study of Ethiopian Christian poetry and its intertextual relationships.

Historical context

The poem is composed in Geʿez, the classical liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, and belongs to the malkeʿ genre, a form of praise poetry that flourished in Ethiopian Christian literature from at least the 15th century onward. The work is anonymous and undated; the sole manuscript, Bet Mas 142, is paleographically assigned to the 18th–19th century, but the composition may be earlier. The monastery of Dabra Ṣəmmonā, located in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia, was a center of monastic activity and manuscript production. Takla Ḥawārǝyāt is a saint venerated in the Ethiopian tradition, though his historical identity is obscure; the poem's reference to 'Father Yoḥannǝs' may link him to a monastic founder. The narrow transmission—a single manuscript—suggests limited circulation, possibly within a local monastic community. The work's survival in a manuscript likely copied in the 18th–19th century indicates continued interest in hagiographic poetry during the Gondarine period, when Ethiopian literature saw a revival under royal patronage.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

17 commentary units 3 structure3 term3 scripture3 background3 reception2 caution 0 derived notes 4 open questions 3 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: poetry in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 3 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
LIT0142Malke:1 · narrativemedium
Source
በስመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አብ፡ ንትነሣእ፡ ወልዶ፡ ዘፈነወ፡ ለነ፨ ወበስመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወልድ፡ ንዌጥን፡ ዘተሰብአ፡ በእንቲአነ፨ ወበስመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ መንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ንጽሕፍ፡ ከመ፡ ይፈጽም፡ ጻሕቀነ፨ ስብሐት፡ በሰማያት፡ ለዘፈጠረ፡ ጻድቃን፨ ወሰላም፡ በምድር፡ ለዘፈተወነ፨ ሰላም፡ ለፅንሰትከ፡ ዘአደንገጾ፡ ለማሪ፨ ወለልደትከ፡ ሰላም፡ በይነ፡ ዘአፍቀሮ፡ ፈጣሪ፨ ተክለ፡ ሐዋርያት፡ ብፁዕ፡ ለምሕሮ፡ አሚን፡ ሐዋሪ፨ አስተብቍዕ፡ ኀበ፡ አምላክከ፡ ከመ፡ ኀጢአተነ፡ ያስተስሪ፨ ወዘእንበሌሁሰ፡ ዘአልቦ፡ መሓሪ፨ ሰላም፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምከ፡ ከመ፡ ጥዑመ፡ ስም፡ መዐር፨ ከመ፡ ሐሊብ፡ ዘእጐልት፡ ወከመ፡ ጽጌ፡ ሥሙር፨ ተክለ፡ ሐዋርያት፡ ኀያል፡ ልዑከ፡ አምላክ፡ ክቡር፨ ሱቀነ፡ ለደቂቅከ፡ እምቅንየተ፡ አርዌ፡ ነኪር፨ ከመ፡ ኢይቅኒ፡ ኪያነ፡ በሕምዙ፡ መሪር፨ ሰላም፡ ለክሳድከ፡ ልህኵተ፡ አምላክ፡ ፌማ፨ ለዘአነቀ፡ ክብረ፡ ዘመላእክት፡ አስኬማ፨ ወውእቱኒ፡ ተወክፈ፡ እምእደ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ከማ፨ ተክለ፡ ሐዋርያት፡ ጸጋከ፡ እንተ፡ ምሉእ፡ ግርማ፨ ሰውረኒ፡ ዘልፈ፡ እምእኩይ፡ መስቴማ፨
English
In the name of God the Father, let us arise, and the Son who sent for us. And in the name of God the Son, let us begin, who was incarnated for our sake. And in the name of God the Holy Spirit, let us write, that he may fulfill our joy. Praise in the heavens to him who created the righteous, and peace on earth to him who redeemed us. Peace to your conception, which caused the Lord to tremble, and peace to your birth, by which the Creator loved. Takla Ḥawārǝyāt, blessed one, for the sake of mercy, amen, O apostle. Intercede before your God, that he may blot out our sins, for besides him there is no merciful one. Peace to the memory of your name, like the sweet name of myrrh, like milk from the breast, and like a blooming flower. Takla Ḥawārǝyāt, mighty one, your exalted God is glorious. Protect your children from the attack of the evil beast, like a thorn hedge, us, with your bitter staff. Peace to your neck, the softness of God's image, for it bore the glory of the angels' form. And he himself received from the hand of Father Yoḥannǝs likewise. Takla Ḥawārǝyāt, your grace, which is full of majesty, ever shield me from the evil of Māsṭēmā.
LIT0142Malke:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለልብከ፡ መዝገበ፡ ርኅራኄ፡ ወልቡና፨ ወመዝገበ፡ ሣህል፡ ወዳኅና፨ ተክለ፡ ሐዋርያት፡ ኀያል፡ ዘንብረትከ፡ ጽሙና፨ ጸሎትከ፡ ለፀርነ፡ ነበልባለ፡ እሳት፡ ከዊና፨ እምውስተ፡ ገሀነም፡ ትደዮ፡ ወበሲኦል፡ ፍና፨ ሰላም፡ እብል፡ ለበድነ፡ ሥጋከ፡ ዐዋዲ፨ እንዘ፡ በሕይወቱ፡ ባረከ፡ ወእምድኅረ፡ አዕረፈ፡ ዓዲ፨ ወአንበርዎ፡ በክብር፡ ኅሩያን፡ ውስተ፡ ድኂን፡ ወጋዲ፨ ወይብራህ፡ በላዕሌነ፡ ብርሃነ፡ ጸጋከ፡ ነዳዲ፨ ተክለ፡ ሐዋርያት፡ በርህ፡ ጽልመተ፡ ሰዳዲ፨ አምኃ፡ ሰላም፡ ኣቄርብ፡ ለመልክእከ፡ ኵሉ፨ እምዘተጋድሎትከ፡ አኮ፡ ወእምብዝኀ፡ ገድልከ፡ ቃሉ፨ በአምጣነ፡ ንስቲት፡ ባሕቱ፡ ወበሕጹጽ፡ ፊደሉ፨ ተክለ፡ ሐዋርያት፡ መሐረኒ፡ በእንተ፡ ልብየ፡ ኵሉ፨ እስመ፡ ኅሊናየ፡ ወልብየ፡ ኪያከ፡ ተወከሉ፨ አምኃ፡ ሰላም፡ ካዕበ፡ ለመልክእከ፡ ጽዱል፨ አምጣነ፡ ናቄርብ፡ ሎቱ፡ በእደ፡ ልሳን፡ እንዘ፡ ንብል፨ ተክለ፡ ሐዋርያት፡ ኅሩይ፡ ወሰባኬ፡ ወንጌል፨ ወአንሶስዎትከ፡ ተባረኩ፡ አድባረ፡ ግብርማ፡ ወጎል፨ ወብከ፡ ረከቡ፡ ፍሥሓ፡ ዘሣህል፨
English
Salutation to your heart, treasury of compassion and heart, and treasury of mercy and humility. Takla Ḥawārǝyāt, strong one, your abode is Ṣəmmonā. Your prayer is a flame of fire for our enemy, a covering; from within Gehenna it drives out, and in Sheol, a path. Salutation I say to the purity of your body, the ancient one, while in his life he blessed, and after he rested again, and they placed him in honor, the chosen ones, within the sanctuary and the wall. And may the light of your grace shine upon us, the needy one. Takla Ḥawārǝyāt, open the darkness of the hunter. I offer a hundred salutations to all your forms. Not from your struggles, nor from the word of your abundant asceticism, but only in small measure and in brief writing. Takla Ḥawārǝyāt, have mercy on me for the sake of my whole heart, for my mind and my heart have trusted in you. A hundred salutations a second time to your pure form. In measure we offer to it with the hand of the tongue while we say: Takla Ḥawārǝyāt, chosen one and preacher of the Gospel, and your sojourns blessed the mountains of Gəbǝrmā and Gol, and through weeping they found the joy of mercy.
LIT0142Malke:3 · narrativehigh
Source
ሰላም፡ ለከ፡ ተክለ፡ ሐዋርያት፡ ብእሲ፡ ሰማያዊ፨ ወመልአክ፡ ምድራዊ፡ መልአክ፡ ሰማያዊ፨ ወብእሲ፡ ምድራዊ፡ ማእምር፡ ወለባዊ፨ ነፍሳተ፡ ኃጥኣን፡ ፄዋዊ፡ ፄውወነ፡ አባ፡ እምተኵላ፡ ፀራዊ፨ ሰላም፡ ለከ፡ ተክለ፡ ሐዋርያት፡ ክሡት፨ በኀበ፡ መላእክት፡ ወዕዉቅ፡ በኀበ፡ ሰብእ፡ ወነገሥታት፨ እንተ፡ ኀረየከ፡ ንጉሠ፡ ስብሐት፨ ከመ፡ ትኩነነ፡ መራሔ፡ ፍኖት፡ አብአነ፡ ውስተ፡ ገነት፨
English
Salutation to you, Takla Ḥawārǝyāt, heavenly man and earthly angel, heavenly angel and earthly man, wise and learned. The souls of sinners are scattered; scatter us, father, from the wolf, the enemy. Salutation to you, Takla Ḥawārǝyāt, hidden among angels and known among men and kings. He who chose you is the King of Praise, that you might be for us a guide of the way, bringing us into paradise.
Citation. Tergwame, “Image of Takla Ḥawārǝyāt of Dabra Ṣəmmonā”, LIT0142Malke:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/LIT0142Malke#s1
Colophon. Source: betmas · licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0022 · generated 2026-11-15.