Work dossier · summary and historical context
The Malkeʿ of Takla Ḥawārǝyāt of Dabra Ṣəmmonā is an anonymous Geʿez praise poem dedicated to a saint of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. It follows the conventional malkeʿ structure, opening with a trinitarian invocation and proceeding through a series of salutations (ሰላም) that honor the saint. The poem survives in a single manuscript, Bet Mas 142, likely from the 18th–19th century, with no other known witnesses. Its textual tradition is narrow, and its liturgical use appears limited. The edition presents the Geʿez text without translation or commentary, restricting access for non-specialists. The work reflects the hagiographic and poetic traditions of Ethiopian monasticism, particularly the veneration of Takla Ḥawārǝyāt, a figure associated with the monastery of Dabra Ṣəmmonā in northern Ethiopia.
This malkeʿ is a rare witness to the veneration of Takla Ḥawārǝyāt, a saint not widely attested in other sources. Its poetic structure and rare vocabulary (e.g., ኢይቅኒ for 'thorn hedge') offer insights into the linguistic and literary creativity of Ethiopian monastic poets. The work also illustrates the adaptation of biblical motifs, such as the angelic hymn from Luke 2:14, into local hagiographic contexts, contributing to the study of Ethiopian Christian poetry and its intertextual relationships.
The poem is composed in Geʿez, the classical liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, and belongs to the malkeʿ genre, a form of praise poetry that flourished in Ethiopian Christian literature from at least the 15th century onward. The work is anonymous and undated; the sole manuscript, Bet Mas 142, is paleographically assigned to the 18th–19th century, but the composition may be earlier. The monastery of Dabra Ṣəmmonā, located in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia, was a center of monastic activity and manuscript production. Takla Ḥawārǝyāt is a saint venerated in the Ethiopian tradition, though his historical identity is obscure; the poem's reference to 'Father Yoḥannǝs' may link him to a monastic founder. The narrow transmission—a single manuscript—suggests limited circulation, possibly within a local monastic community. The work's survival in a manuscript likely copied in the 18th–19th century indicates continued interest in hagiographic poetry during the Gondarine period, when Ethiopian literature saw a revival under royal patronage.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
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