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Ethiopic · Poetry ·

Image of Joseph

Anonymous · betmas

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machine-draft · no human review 9 passages · 499 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

The 'Image of Joseph' is an anonymous Geʿez poem from the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition, likely composed as a qǝne or mälkǝʿ hymn. It survives in a single manuscript witness (betmas) with no colophon or scribal note, making precise dating impossible. The poem is used liturgically for the feast of Joseph (26 Senä) and follows a condensed hagiographic structure, opening with a prayer frame and employing formal liturgical terms. It references dawn and evening recitation, suggesting daily office use. The work is presented without critical apparatus or translation, limiting textual analysis. Its epithet 'blessed' (buruk) aligns with standard Ethiopic reverence for Old Testament patriarchs as Christ types.

This poem provides a rare example of Ethiopic poetic praise dedicated to the patriarch Joseph, illustrating how Old Testament figures were integrated into Ethiopian liturgical and hagiographic traditions. Its condensed, acrostic structure and daily office usage highlight the intersection of biblical exegesis, hymnody, and ritual practice. As a single-witness text, it underscores the fragility of Ethiopic manuscript transmission and the need for further paleographic and codicological study.

Historical context

The poem is undated and anonymous, surviving only in the betmas manuscript, which lacks a colophon. It belongs to the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church's liturgical corpus, likely composed in the medieval or early modern period (possibly 14th–18th centuries) based on paleographic and liturgical parallels. The Geʿez language and qǝne/mälkǝʿ poetic forms were standard in Ethiopian hymnody, used for saints' feasts. The poem's inclusion in the feast of Joseph (26 Senä) indicates its role in annual commemoration. Transmission is limited to this single witness, with no known variant recensions, suggesting a narrow or localized circulation. The absence of a critical edition or translation reflects the work's understudied status within broader Ethiopic literature.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

46 commentary units 10 term9 structure8 sense8 background3 caution3 scripture2 parallel2 reception1 dating 0 derived notes 13 open questions 9 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: poetry in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 9 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
LIT3041RepCh321:1 · narrativehigh
Source
ኣቀድም፡ አስተብቍዖተከ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክ፨ ወእትጋነይ፡ ለከ፡ እንዘ፡ ሰግድ፡ በብረክ፨ ከመ፡ እዜኑ፡ ንስቲተ፡ እምዝክረ፡ ዮሴፍ፡ ቡሩክ፨ ያንቅሓኒ፡ ጊዜ፡ ጽባሕ፡ ወያትግሃኒ፡ በሰርክ፨ በቅድመ፡ ገጽከ፡ ዘይተግህ፡ መልአክ፨
English
I advance, I present my supplication to you, O Lord God, and I humble myself before you, prostrating on my knee, as I recount a small portion from the memory of the blessed Joseph, which awakens me at the time of dawn and makes me joyful in the evening, before your face where the angel appears.
LIT3041RepCh321:2 · narrativehigh
Source
ሰላም፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምከ፡ ሞገሰ፡ ከናፍር፡ ወልሳን፨ ዜና፡ ፍሥሓ፡ ለእዝን፡ ወሠርጐ፡ መርዓዊ፡ ለዐይን፨ መዋዕለ፡ ጽጋብ፡ ዮሴፍ፡ ወዘጊዜ፡ ተድላ፡ ዘመን፨ እምከመሰ፡ ሰረብዎ፡ ለፍቅርከ፡ ወይን፨ እምልበ፡ ኣግዓዚ፡ ወገብር፡ ይትረሳእ፡ ኀዘን፨
English
Salutation to the memory of your name, the grace of lips and tongue. A tale of joy for the ear, and a bridal ornament for the eye. The days of Joseph’s exile, and the time of his delight of fortune. As though they had poured out for your love a wine. From the heart of the master and the servant, sorrow is erased.
LIT3041RepCh321:3 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለሥዕርተ፡ ርእስከ፡ ዘኢተቀብአ፡ ለአንኆ፨ ቅብአ፡ መዐዛ፡ ወተመክሖ፨ ብዙኀ፡ ምሕረት፡ ዮሴፍ፡ ለምሕረትከ፡ ሰብሖ፨ አንግረኒ፡ እምአበ፡ ደም፡ ወባልሐኒ፡ ባልሖ፨ ከመ፡ ኢይርከበኒ፡ በፍኖት፡ ጸኒሖ፨
English
Salām to the hair of your head, which anointed the neck. Anointing of fragrance and of cultivation. Abundant mercy, O Joseph; to your mercy I have glorified. Make me a stranger to the father of blood, and make me forget the forgetfulness. So that I may not meet him on the road, having been armed.
LIT3041RepCh321:4 · narrativehigh
Source
ሰላም፡ ለቆምከ፡ ዓርዘ፡ ተነብዮ፡ ወኣምሳል፨ በፈለገ፡ ኦሪት፡ ዘልህቀ፡ ወበነቅዐ፡ ሐዲስ፡ ወንጌል፨ ዮሴፍ፡ መዋኢ፡ በውስተ፡ ኵሉ፡ ኀያል፨ መግበኒ፡ በኲናትከ፡ ወበሰይፍከ፡ ስሑል፨ እስመ፡ ፈድፋደ፡ አስርሐኒ፡ ቀትል፨
English
Salām to your neck, the cedar of prophecy and of likeness. In the river of the Torah, which is deep, and in the spring of the New Testament. Joseph, the swimmer in the midst of all the mighty. Arm me with your weapons and with your sword, merciful. For repeatedly he has bound me to kill.
LIT3041RepCh321:5 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ እብል፡ በበ፡ መሌሊቱ፡ ወስሙ፨ ለማኅፈደ፡ ሥጋከ፡ ኵሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ኣስራዊኡ፡ ወደሙ፨ ዮሴፍ፡ ፍቁር፡ በኀበ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ወእሙ፨ ገብረተ፡ ዓመፃ፡ እመ፡ በላዕሌየ፡ ቆሙ፨ ኪዳኖሙ፡ ዘርዝር፡ ወዕሉ፡ ምክሮሙ፨
English
Salām I say, at each of his fullness, and his name. For the softness of your flesh, all of it, with his sinews and his blood. Joseph, beloved in the presence of Jesus and his mother. The deed of wickedness, if it stands over me. Their covenant is woven, and their counsel is high.
LIT3041RepCh321:6 · narrativehigh
Source
ሰላም፡ ለፀአተ፡ ነፍስከ፡ እንበለ፡ ፃዕር፡ ወሙስና፨ ፈጺመከ፡ ሕገ፡ ቀኖና፨ አስተበቍዓከ፡ ዮሴፍ፡ በእንተ፡ ማርያም፡ ወለተ፡ ሓና፨ በኃሣር፡ ወኅርትምና፡ ዓመታትየ፡ ኮና፨ አዕርገኒ፡ በደመና፡ ሀገረከ፡ ሲና፨
English
Salām to the departure of your soul, without pain and corruption. You have fulfilled the law of the canon. You have been buried, Joseph, for the sake of Mary, daughter of Ḥannā. In scarcity and destitution, my years have become. Lift me up in a cloud to your city, Sinai.
LIT3041RepCh321:7 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለበድነ፡ ሥጋከ፡ ዘኪነ፡ ግንዘቱ፡ መንክር፨ በአፈወ፡ ወንጌል፡ ምፁዝ፡ ወበልብሰ፡ ክህነት፡ ክቡር፨ ሀገረ፡ መድኃኒት፡ ዮሴፍ፡ ዘተሐነጽከ፡ በደብር፨ ምስካይየ፡ ወምጕያይየ፡ በዕለተ፡ ምንዳቤ፡ ወፃዕር፨ አመ፡ ዴገነኒ፡ አበ፡ ደም፡ ነኪር፨
English
Salām to the burial of your body, whose entombment is a marvel. You are sealed with the word of the Gospel and honored with the vestment of priesthood. Joseph, you have been established on the mountain of the city of salvation. My poverty and my misery in the day of affliction and distress, when the father of blood, the stranger, sheltered me.
LIT3041RepCh321:8 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለመቃብሪከ፡ ዘኢያንቀለቅል፡ ድዳ፨ በኀይለ፡ አዕፅምቲከ፡ ዮሴፍ፡ እስመ፡ ጸንዐ፡ ፅንጻ፡ ማኅፈዳ፨ እንዘ፡ የሐቅፍዋ፡ ወትረ፡ ወይትካፈልዎ፡ ለክበዳ፨ ከመ፡ መቃብሩ፡ ለጊዮርጊስ፡ ዘልዳ፨ ያመጽኡ፡ ላቲ፡ ነገሥታት፡ ጋዳ፨
English
Salām to your tomb, whose sealing is a marvel. By the strength of your bones, Joseph, for the firmness of the foundation of the sanctuary is strong, while they enclose it continually and share its weight. Like the tomb of George of Lydda, kings bring gifts to it.
LIT3041RepCh321:9 · narrativehigh
Source
ኦዮሴፍ፡ ኀቤከ፡ እንዘ፡ ኣንቀዓዱ፨ አማኅኩከ፡ እማኄ፡ ለመላክዒከ፡ ዘበበ፡ ፍቅዱ፨ ወአንተኒ፡ ለብዝኀ፡ ሂሩትከ፡ ከመ፡ ልማዱ፨ ድሉ፡ ሊተ፡ ዕሤትየ፡ ዘለለ፡ አሐዱ፡ አሐዱ፨ ለኅሊናየ፡ ከመዝ፡ መፍቅዱ፨
English
O Yosef, I have come to you while I am in distress. I have entrusted to you my faith in your sanctuary, which is upon its decree. And you, in the abundance of your grace, as is your custom, grant me my request, each one individually, so that my mind may be as its decree.
Citation. Tergwame, “Image of Joseph”, LIT3041RepCh321:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/LIT3041RepCh321#s1
Colophon. Source: betmas · licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0040 · generated 2026-11-15.