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Ethiopic · Poetry ·

Image of Her (Mary's) Assumption

Anonymous · betmas

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machine-draft · no human review 5 passages · 937 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

The anonymous Ethiopic poem 'Image of Her (Mary's) Assumption' celebrates the bodily assumption of the Virgin Mary. Preserved in a single Geʿez manuscript (betmas:LIT2932RepCh213) with no colophon or scribal note, its language and themes suggest a post-15th-century composition. The work is structured as a series of stanzas beginning with the formulaic salutation 'Salutation to you' (ሰላም ለኪ), a hallmark of Ethiopic qəne poetry. It employs the term fəlsät (ፍልሰት) for 'assumption,' distinguishing Mary's bodily translation from dormition. The poem's reception appears limited to monastic manuscript circulation, with no known liturgical use.

This poem provides a rare example of Ethiopic qəne poetry dedicated to Mary's assumption, a theme less common than her dormition in Ethiopic literature. Its use of the term fəlsät and the formulaic salutation structure illuminates local theological and poetic traditions. The work's limited manuscript survival highlights the fragility of Ethiopic literary heritage and the need for further study of Marian poetry in the Ethiopic tradition.

Historical context

The poem is undated, but its language and theological themes point to a post-15th-century Ethiopic context. It survives in a single manuscript (betmas:LIT2932RepCh213) of unknown provenance, with no colophon or scribal note. The work belongs to the genre of Ethiopic qəne poetry, characterized by formulaic salutations and acrostic or stanzaic structure. Its focus on Mary's bodily assumption reflects a doctrine widely received in Ethiopic Christianity, though debated in other traditions. The epithet 'Mary, daughter of Matti' (Matti = Joachim) draws on the Protoevangelium of James, a standard source for Marian lineage in Ethiopic literature. The poem's limited manuscript transmission suggests circulation among monastic communities rather than liturgical use. The Geʿez term fəlsät (ፍልሰት) signals the work's emphasis on Mary's bodily translation, distinct from dormition (ሞት).

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

30 commentary units 5 term5 scripture5 background5 structure4 parallel3 reception3 caution 0 derived notes 8 open questions 5 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • coverageNo English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed.
  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: poetry in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 5 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
LIT2932RepCh213:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለኪ፡ ማርያም፡ እምነ፨ መግመሪተ፡ ነድ፡ ርስነ፨ ዐምደ፡ ባሕርይ፡ ዘኢተእምሪ፡ ጸኒነ፨ ድንግልናተ፡ ክሌተ፡ ምልአ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ ተከድነ፨ አፍለሰኪ፡ ወልድ፡ ሉዓሌ፡ መካነ፨ ምንተ፡ ኣዐሥዮ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ አሐተ፨ በእንተ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘገብረ፡ ሊተ፨ ረስዪኒ፡ እሙ፡ አሥምሮ፡ ግብተ፨ ማርያም፡ እግዝእትየ፡ ዘሜጥኪ፡ እሳተ፨ ድኅረ፡ በጽሐ፡ ልሳኑ፡ ዘለኪ፡ ቤተ፨ አፉየ፡ አስተንፈሰ፡ ወልሳንየ፡ አልኆሰሰ፨ ለክብረ፡ ፍልሰትኪ፡ ድንግል፡ ሶበ፡ ኣቄርብ፡ ተውዳሰ፨ ማርያም፡ ዘኮንኪ፡ ቅድስተ፡ ቅዱሳን፡ መቅደሰ፨ በቅሜኪ፡ እግዝእትየ፡ እመ፡ ረከብኩ፡ ሞገሰ፨ በየማንኪ፡ ባርክኒ፡ ሥልሰ፨ ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ ምስለ፡ ነፍስኪ፡ ኢመዋቲ፨ በተሰናእዎ፡ አሐቲ፨ ድንግል፡ በክልኤ፡ ማርያም፡ ወለተ፡ ማቲ፨ ሐመረ፡ ተርሴስ፡ ዘሰሎሞን፡ አንቲ፨ እንተ፡ አእተዉ፡ ጠቢባን፡ ወርቀ፡ አፌዝ፡ ባቲ፨ ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ መካነ፡ ፍሥሓ፡ ወኑዛዜ፨ ኀበ፡ ይረስዕዎ፡ ለላሕ፡ ወኢይሔልይዎ፡ ለትካዜ፨ ማርያም፡ ህሉት፡ ውስተ፡ ልበ፡ አምላክ፡ እምቅድመ፡ ጊዜ፨ ትፍሥሕተሰ፡ ተፈሣሕኩ፡ በፍልሰትኪ፡ ይእዜ፨ ገጸ፡ ዚአኪ፡ እሬኢ፡ ማእዜ፨
English
Salutation to you, Mary, from the beginning of the ladder of the river of grace, the pillar of nature that is hidden from the ignorant. Your virginity, the two fullnesses, your body was hidden. The Son turned you to a high place. What did I do to please the Lord, one thing, for all that he has done for me? Accept me, mother, as a pleasing gift. Mary, my Lady, who has extinguished the fire, after his tongue reached your house. My mouth breathed, and my tongue was silent. For the honor of your Assumption, Virgin, when I offer praise. Mary, who became the holy of holies, a sanctuary. By your stature, my Lady, mother, I found favor. With your right hand, bless me, threefold. Salutation to the Assumption of your body with your soul, united as one. Virgin in two, Mary, daughter of Matti. You are the amber of Tarshish of Solomon, that which the wise ones brought, gold of Ophir in it. Salutation to the Assumption of your body, a place of joy and lamentation, where the whisperer receives it and the mourner does not reject it. Mary, present in the heart of God before time. For I rejoiced in joy at your Assumption now. When will I see your face?
LIT2932RepCh213:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘባረካ፨ ወአልዐለ፡ ክብራ፡ እምፍልሰተ፡ ሄኖክ፡ ወልደ፡ ባረካ፨ ማርያም፡ ስብሕት፡ ወቡርክት፡ ዕለተ፡ ዋካ፨ ይገብሩ፡ በእንቲአኪ፡ ውስተ፡ ሰማያዊት፡ ታዕካ፨ ነገደ፡ መላእክት፡ አእላፍ፡ ሱባዔ፡ ፋሲካ፨ ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ ውስተ፡ ልበ፡ ሰብእ፡ ዘኢተኀለየ፨ እንዘ፡ ትትዐጸፊ፡ ጸጋ፡ ወትለብሲ፡ ዕበየ፨ ማርያም፡ ሥጋኪ፡ ዘተመሰለ፡ ባሕርየ፨ ተኀፍረ፡ ሞት፡ አኮኑ፡ ሶበ፡ ነጸረ፡ ወርእየ፨ አመ፡ በደመና፡ ብሩህ፡ የዐርግ፡ ሰማየ፨ ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ ዘኢየኀልቅ፡ ሞገሱ፨ ወዘኢይነጽፍ፡ ባሕረ፡ ተውዳሱ፨ ማርያም፡ ታዕካ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ጽርሐ፡ መቅደሱ፨ ተበሀሉ፡ በሰማያት፡ እለ፡ ኪያኪ፡ አፍለሱ፨ ማርያምሰ፡ እንተ፡ በምድር፡ ታንሶሱ፨ ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ ዘአፈድፈደ፡ ስባሔ፨ እምፍልሰተ፡ ያዕቆብ፡ ዐርከ፡ ኤሎሄ፨ ማርያም፡ ቀንሞስ፡ ማርያም፡ አፈወ፡ ርሔ፨ እለ፡ ብርሃነ፡ ይለብሱ፡ ወይትዐጸፉ፡ ሱራሔ፨ በዓለ፡ ፍልሰትኪ፡ ማርያም፡ ሰበኩ፡ ኵለሄ፨
English
Salutation to the Assumption of your body, which God blessed, and raised its glory above the Assumption of Enoch, son of Baraka. Mary, praised and blessed, on the day of your feast, they perform for you within the heavenly ark, the host of angels, thousands of the mystery of Pascha. Salutation to the Assumption of your body within the heart of man, which was hidden, while you are clothed with grace and put on majesty. Mary, your body which was like the sea, death was ashamed when it saw and beheld, when in a bright cloud it ascends to heaven. Salutation to the Assumption of your body, whose grace does not pass away, and whose praise does not overflow the sea. Mary, the ark for God, the pure sanctuary; they said in the heavens, those who brought you back. Mary, who on earth you are the consolation. Salutation to the Assumption of your body, which multiplied the Sabbath, more than the Assumption of Jacob, the friend of Elohim. Mary, the censor, Mary, the giver of mercy. Those who wear light and are clothed with robes, on the feast of your Assumption, Mary, they proclaimed all of it.
LIT2932RepCh213:3 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ ስቡሓ፡ ዘተሰብሐ፨ እምሥነ፡ ፀሓይ፡ ወወርኅ፡ ሥነ፡ ስብሐቲሁ፡ አብርሀ፨ ዘእንበሌኪ፡ ማርያም፡ ወዘእንበለ፡ ወልድኪ፡ በኵረ፡ ፍሥሓ፨ አልቦ፡ ለሞት፡ ማእሰሪሁ፡ ዘፈትሓ፨ ወሙታነ፡ እምሲኦል፡ አንቅሐ፨ ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ ለሊቀ፡ ካህናት፡ ዘአደሞ፨ መሥዋዕተ፡ መድኃኒት፡ ያዕርግ፡ ቅድስተ፡ ቅዱሳን፡ ቀዊሞ፨ ለመልአከ፡ ሞት፡ ፀዋግ፡ መልአከ፡ በቀል፡ ወተቀይሞ፨ ሚመጠነ፡ አድወዮ፡ ወሚመጠነ፡ አሕመሞ፨ በዓለ፡ ፍልሰትኪ፡ ማርያም፡ ዘአምላክ፡ ሐተሞ፨ ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ እምዓለመ፡ መትሕት፡ ኀላፊ፨ ውስተ፡ ዐውደ፡ ቡሩክ፡ ወሱራፊ፨ ማርያም፡ ምዕዝት፡ እምሥነ፡ ጽጌያት፡ ዘወርኀ፡ ታውፊ፨ ናሁ፡ ተሠጠምኩ፡ ውስተ፡ ባሕረ፡ ስሕተት፡ ጽነፊ፨ በሐመረ፡ ንጽሕኪ፡ ወትረ፡ ኪያየ፡ ሐድፊ፨ ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ ዘአጥናን፡ ኀይሉ፨ ወዘአኤናዎን፡ መዝራዕተ፡ ብዕሉ፨ ማርያም፡ ዝክርኪ፡ ለትውልደ፡ ትውልድ፡ ዘይሄሉ፨ አምጻኢተ፡ ምሕረት፡ ማርያም፡ ለኃጥኣነ፡ ምድር፡ ኵሉ፨ ወቡርክት፡ ማርያም፡ ለክርስቶስ፡ አባሉ፨
English
Salutation to the Assumption of your body, which is glorious, and was glorified. The beauty of the sun and the moon, the beauty of its glorification, it illuminated. There is none except you, Mary, and except your Son, the firstborn of joy. There is no one who has loosed the bond of death, and raised the dead from Sheol. Salutation to the Assumption of your body, for which the High Priest prepared. He offers the sacrifice of salvation, standing in the Holy of Holies. The angel of death, the pursuer, the angel of vengeance, was changed. He measured the dust and measured the ashes. On the feast of your Assumption, Mary, which God sealed. Salutation to the Assumption of your body, which passed from the lower world into the blessed circle of the Seraphim. Mary, fragrant, more than the beauty of flowers of the month of Tewfi. Behold, I am drowning in the sea of error, a swimmer. With the yeast of your purity, always cast me away. Salutation to the Assumption of your body, which strengthened the weak and made the barren fruitful. Mary, your memory endures for generations of generations. The bringer of mercy, Mary, for all the sinners of the earth. And blessed Mary, for Christ, her father.
LIT2932RepCh213:4 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘአልዐሎ፨ እምፍልሰተ፡ ኤልያስ፡ ነቢየ፡ ሲሎ፨ ውስተ፡ ብሔረ፡ ፍግዕ፡ ስድኒ፡ ማርያም፡ በክነፈ፡ ዐውሎ፨ ለምንት፡ ሊተ፡ በፍግዓ፡ ወበጥዒና፡ እዴሎ፨ እንዘ፡ ይዴግነኒ፡ ሞት፡ ዘይኴንን፡ ኵሎ፨ ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘተዋሐዳ፨ ወተካፈለ፡ ክበዳ፨ ለፍልሰትኪ፡ ማርያም፡ እምኢየሩሳሌም፡ ምድረ፡ ይሁዳ፨ ስኂነ፡ ተዝካር፡ ወአፈወ፡ ዕጣን፡ ጸዐዳ፨ ነገሥተ፡ ተርሴስ፡ ወደስያት፡ ያበውኡ፡ ጋዳ፨ ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ በሰዋስወ፡ ብርሃን፡ ምጡቅ፨ ከመ፡ ትኩኒዮሙ፡ እመ፡ ለኅሩያን፡ ደቂቅ፨ ተሣየጥኒ፡ ማርያም፡ በንዋየ፡ ሣህልኪ፡ ጽድቅ፨ ከመ፡ ይሣየጡ፡ አመ፡ ዕለተ፡ ፍዳ፡ ወጻዕቅ፨ ዘመደ፡ አዕዋፍ፡ ኀምስ፡ በክልኤ፡ ጸሪቅ፨ ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ ውስተ፡ ብሔር፡ ስዑር፨ እንተ፡ ኬንያ፡ ወገባሪሃ፡ እግዚአብሔር፨ ማርያም፡ ፍትሕኒ፡ እምግብርናተ፡ ሞት፡ መሪር፨ ለኪሰ፡ ንግሥተ፡ ሰማይ፡ ወምድር፨ ኢይሰአነኪ፡ አግዕዞቱ፡ ለኃጥእ፡ ገብር፨
English
Salutation to the Assumption of your body, which the Lord exalted above the Assumption of Elijah the prophet of Shiloh. In the land of Fəgʿ, O Mary, you were hidden in the bosom of the cloud. Why was I left in Fəgʿ and in the valley of Edelo, while death, which judges all, pursues me? Salutation to the Assumption of your body, which the Lord united and which bore its burden. For your Assumption, O Mary, from Jerusalem to the land of Judah, a memorial offering and the smoke of white incense; the kings of Tarsis and the deserts bring gifts. Salutation to the Assumption of your body, girded with the midst of light, as you become a mother to the chosen children. Look upon me, O Mary, with the adornment of your righteous mercy, as they look upon the day of redemption and salvation, the lineage of birds, five, with two flashes. Salutation to the Assumption of your body into the land of Səʿur, which the Lord made and established. O Mary, release me from the bitter servitude of death, for you are the queen of heaven and earth. Will you not turn away the threats of the sinful servant from me?
LIT2932RepCh213:5 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለትንሣኤ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ ከመ፡ ትንሣኤ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ መንታ፨ ርእሶ፡ ሕያወ፡ እምድኅረ፡ ኀብአ፡ ውስቴታ፨ በጽላሎትኪ፡ ክድንኒ፡ ማርያም፡ ርግበ፡ ኤፍራታ፨ ሰውርኒ፡ በአክናፍኪ፡ አመ፡ ይከውን፡ ሐተታ፨ ወአመ፡ ታገብእ፡ ምድር፡ ዘነሥአት፡ ማሕፀንታ፨ ሰላም፡ ለዕርገተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ ዘተወጥነ፡ ቦቱ፨ ዕርገተ፡ ቅዱሳን፡ ሰብእ፡ እለ፡ ፈድፋደ፡ ተአኵቱ፨ ለሊቀ፡ ካህናት፡ አሮን፡ ማርያም፡ ሠርጐ፡ ትርሲቱ፨ ሥዑለ፡ ይኩን፡ በልብስኪ፡ እንተ፡ ላዕሉ፡ ወታሕቱ፨ ፍሬ፡ ከናፍር፡ ወአፍ፡ ውዳሴኪ፡ ዝንቱ፨
English
Salutation to the Resurrection of your body, like the Resurrection of Christ the half. The head of the living after the hiding within it. In your shadow, hide me, O Mary, dove of Ephrata. Conceal me in your wings when the judgment occurs, and when the earth gives back what it has taken, its womb. Salutation to the Assumption of your body, which was prepared there. The Assumption of the saints, men who were each exalted. For the high priest Aaron, O Mary, the garment of his vestment. Let it be a covering in your clothing, which is above and below. The fruit of the lips and the mouth, this is your praise.
Citation. Tergwame, “Image of Her (Mary's) Assumption”, LIT2932RepCh213:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/LIT2932RepCh213#s1
Colophon. Source: betmas · licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0035 · generated 2026-11-15.