Work dossier · summary and historical context
The anonymous Geʿez poem Ṗarāqliṭos is a liturgical hymn venerating the Paraclete, likely performed during Pentecost or related feasts. It survives in a single 18th–19th century manuscript (Rep 395) and is not part of standard Ethiopic liturgical books, suggesting limited or local use. The poem employs threefold repetition of 'I bow to' and draws on biblical imagery (Exodus, Daniel) to describe the Paraclete as guide, intercessor, and cosmic depth. Its composition date is unknown but may be older than the manuscript.
Ṗarāqliṭos provides a rare witness to non-standard Ethiopic hymnody, illustrating local theological emphases on the Paraclete. Its use of threefold liturgical repetition and cosmological imagery (Oceanus) enriches understanding of Geʿez poetic and exegetical traditions. The poem also attests to the reception of Greek patristic concepts in Ethiopian Christianity.
The poem is composed in Geʿez, the liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, and belongs to the genre of liturgical poetry (qene). It is undated; the sole witness, Rep 395, is paleographically assigned to the 18th–19th century, but the composition could be earlier. The work is anonymous and not incorporated into standard chant books (Deggwa, Meʿeraf), indicating it may have been composed for a specific local community or monastery. The term Ṗarāqliṭos (παράκλητος) reflects Greek influence on Ethiopic theology, where it often denotes the Holy Spirit or a divine advocate. The poem's imagery—pillar of cloud, burning bush, Danielic visions—draws on Old Testament typology common in Ethiopic exegesis. Its survival in a single manuscript suggests limited circulation, possibly within a single scriptorium or liturgical tradition.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
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