ት Tergwame Greek · Coptic · Ethiopic · Syriac · Armenian · Georgian · Latin

Georgian · Liturgy ·

Synodal Records from Tbeti

Anonymous · titus

BothSourceEnglish
JSON Dossier
machine-draft · no human review 2 passages · 226 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

The Synodal Records from Tbeti are a set of liturgical commemorative entries preserved in a single manuscript from the monastery of Tbeti in Tao-Klarjeti. The manuscript lacks a colophon, so the scribe and exact date of copying are unknown, but palaeographic and liturgical evidence suggests a 12th-century origin. The records follow a fixed formula invoking mercy on named individuals, often a male head of household, his spouse, and sometimes a daughter. The text is heavily abbreviated and partially reconstructed. These records were later incorporated into Georgian liturgical collections, indicating their normative use for local church governance and feast-day regulation. The attribution to a specific synod or patriarch is editorial conjecture.

The Synodal Records from Tbeti provide rare insight into medieval Georgian liturgical practice and local church governance. Their formulaic commemorative entries illuminate the social and religious structures of Tao-Klarjeti, including clan or toponymic designations like 'Gorgaziet'. The records' incorporation into later collections underscores their normative authority. As a single-witness text, they highlight the challenges of reconstructing medieval Georgian ecclesiastical history.

Historical context

The sole surviving witness of the Synodal Records from Tbeti is a manuscript from the Tbeti monastery in Tao-Klarjeti, a region of medieval Georgia. The Tbeti scriptorium was active from the 10th to 13th centuries, and the hand and liturgical forms suggest a 12th-century date, though this rests on palaeographic comparison without explicit evidence. The records were incorporated into later Georgian liturgical collections, indicating their use as a normative source for local church governance and feast-day regulation. The text is a diplomatic transcription of the single manuscript; no critical apparatus or collation with other witnesses is possible, as none survive. The attribution to a specific synod or patriarch is editorial conjecture, as the manuscript names no presiding authority, and the date range is inferred from internal references. The onomastic patterns reflect medieval Georgian nobility, with names like Gorgaziet, Kvirike, Tinas, and Tskhoreba.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

11 commentary units 4 term2 structure2 background1 transmission1 reception1 caution 3 derived notes 2 open questions 2 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: liturgy in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 2 narrative.
  • caution2 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note.
  • sourceSource edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Tbeti Synodal Records. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 18.8.2015. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
tbets:1 · narrativemedium
Source
Line of ed.: 1 [?] მ[?] შ(ეუნდვე)ნ [ღ(მერთმა)ნ] Line of ed.: 2 ს(ულს)ა გორ]გაზიეთ მახარებელ{ი}სა [და მ]ის{ი}სა მეუღლესა მარ(ია)მ(ი)სა Line of ed.: 3 და მათისა ასულ{ი}სა თამსის შ(ეუნდვე)ნ [ღ(მერთმა)ნ]. Line of ed.: 4 ს(უ)ლსა გორგაზიეთ კუ{ი}რიკესა და მ(ის)ისა მეუღლისა თინას{ა}სა Line of ed.: 5 [(შ(ეუნდვე)ნ ღ(მერთმა)ნ]. ს(უ)ლსა მათისა ქალისა ცხორებასა შ(ეუნდვე)ნ Line of ed.: 6 ღ(მერთმა)ნ. Line of ed.: 7 ს(უ)ლსა გ(ულ)ქანისშვ(ი)ლისა ი(ოვან)ესა და მი(სი)სა მე(უღ)ლ(ი)სა Line of ed.: 8 მარ(ია)მ(ი)ს(ა) შ(ეუნდვე)ნ ღ(მერთმა)ნ. Line of ed.: 9 ს(უ)ლსა ხაპერასძისა გ(იორგ)ისა და მის(ი)სა მეუღლ(ი)სა ნ(ა)თ[(ე)ლისა Line of ed.: 10 შ(ეუნდვე)ნ ღ(მერთმა)ნ]. Line of ed.: 11 ს(უ)ლსა კაკალისძისა მიქ(ა)ელ(ი)სა და მი(სი)სა მეუღლ{ი}სა რუსუდან{ი}ს Line of ed.: 12 შ(ეუნდვე)ნ [ღ(მერთმა)ნ]. Line of ed.: 13
English
May the Lord have mercy upon the soul of Gorgaziet the Evangelist and upon the soul of his spouse Mariam and upon the soul of their daughter Tamsi. May the Lord have mercy. May the Lord have mercy upon the soul of Gorgaziet Kvirike and upon the soul of his spouse Tinas. May the Lord have mercy upon the soul of their daughter Tskhoreba. May the Lord have mercy. May the Lord have mercy upon the soul of Gulkanishvili Iovane and upon the soul of his spouse Mariam. May the Lord have mercy. May the Lord have mercy upon the soul of Khaperasdze Giorgi and upon the soul of his spouse Nateli. May the Lord have mercy. May the Lord have mercy upon the soul of Kakalisdze Mikhael and upon the soul of his spouse Rusudani. May the Lord have mercy.
tbets:2 · narrativehigh
Source
ს(უ)ლსა მჭედლისძისა მიქ(ა)ელისა)სა და მის(ი)სა მეუღლ<ლ>ესა მარ(ია)მ(ი)ს(ა) Line of ed.: 14 შ[(ეუნდვე)ნ ღ(მერთმა)ნ]. Line of ed.: 15 ს(უ)ლსა ჯოისძისა ნანასასა და მის(ი)სა მეუღლესა აკრიელ(ი)სა შ(ეუნდვე)ნ Line of ed.: 16 ღ(მერთმა)ნ. Line of ed.: 17 ს(უ)ლსა ბუწნელისძისა ი(ო)ვანესა და მის{ი}სა მეუღლესა სინდაელ{ი}სა Line of ed.: 18 [შ(ეუნდვე)ნ ღ(მერთმა)ნ]. Line of ed.: 19 ს(უ)ლს იაკობასძის იაკობის და მის{ი}სა [მეუ]ღლ{ი}სა ხათუთას{ა}ს{ა} Line of ed.: 20 შ(ეუნდვე)ნ ღ(მერთმა)ნ.
English
Upon the soul of Mikhael, son of the Smith, and upon the soul of his spouse Mariam, may the Lord have mercy. Upon the soul of Nanasa, son of Joi, and upon the soul of his spouse Akriel, may the Lord have mercy. Upon the soul of Iovane, son of Bucnel, and upon the soul of his spouse Sindael, may the Lord have mercy. Upon the soul of Iakob, son of Iakobas, and upon the soul of his spouse Khatuta, may the Lord have mercy.
Citation. Tergwame, “Synodal Records from Tbeti”, tbets:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/tbets#s1
Colophon. Source: titus · licence: This text is part of the TITUS edition of Tbeti Synodal Records. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 18.8.2015. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder. · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0013 · generated 2026-11-15.