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Psalms and Odes (Redaction A)

Anonymous · titus

BothSourceEnglish
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machine-draft · no human review 8 passages · 141 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Redaction A of the Psalms and Odes is an early Old Georgian translation of the Psalter and biblical canticles, preserved in a single 10th-century manuscript (Sinai georg. 34). The translation, dated linguistically to the 8th–9th centuries, was based on a Greek Septuagint Vorlage and represents a pre-revision stage of the Georgian Psalter tradition. It was used in early Georgian monastic liturgy, as the inclusion of the Odes indicates. The edition lacks a critical apparatus, limiting its value for detailed textual criticism. The text is transmitted via the TITUS corpus and reflects the standard Georgian title 'ფსალმუნნი' (Psalmuni), a calque of Greek Ψαλμοί.

Redaction A is a crucial witness to the early Georgian Psalter tradition, predating later revisions and providing insight into the liturgical and textual practices of early medieval Georgian Christianity. Its relationship to the Greek Septuagint and its use in monastic liturgy connect it to broader Byzantine and Eastern Christian traditions. The work is also important for studying the development of the Georgian language and biblical translation techniques.

Historical context

Redaction A of the Psalms and Odes was produced in the 8th–9th centuries within the Georgian monastic communities of the Caucasus, likely at a center such as the Lavra of St. Sabas or the Georgian monastery on Mount Sinai. The translation was made from a Greek Septuagint Vorlage, prior to later Georgian revisions influenced by Constantinopolitan or Jerusalem liturgical practices. The sole surviving witness, Sinai georg. 34 (10th century), was discovered at St. Catherine's Monastery, a key site for the preservation of early Georgian manuscripts. The inclusion of the Odes—a collection of canticles sung in the Divine Office—confirms its liturgical use in the early Georgian Church. The text's linguistic features, such as archaic vocabulary and syntax, place it in the early phase of the Old Georgian literary tradition, which flourished under the influence of Byzantine Christianity. The transmission of this redaction reflects the broader movement of biblical texts from Greek into Georgian, often mediated through Armenian or Syriac intermediaries, though here the direct Greek Vorlage is evident.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

37 commentary units 8 structure7 background6 term6 scripture5 sense2 transmission2 caution1 parallel 8 derived notes 9 open questions 8 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: bible in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 8 narrative.
  • caution8 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note.
  • sourceSource edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Biblia Iberica: Psalterium et Odae. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 18.11.2023. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
psa:1 · narrativehigh
Source
[Book: Ps.] ფსალმუნნი
English
Psalms
psa:2 · narrativehigh
Source
[Chapter: 1]
English
[Chapter: 1]
psa:3 · narrativehigh
Source
[Verse: 1] ნეტარ არს კაცი, რომელი არა მივიდა ზრახვასა უღმრთოთასა, გზასა ცოდვილთასა არა დადგა, საჯდომელსა ურჩულოთასა არა დაჯდა;
English
Blessed is the man who did not go to the counsel of the godless, did not stand on the path of sinners, did not sit on the seat of the rebellious.
psa:4 · narrativehigh
Source
[Verse: 2] არამედ რჩულსა უფლისასა არს ნებაჲ მისი, რჩულსა მისსა ზრახავნ იგი დღე და ღამე.
English
But the will of the Lord is his counsel; by day and by night he meditates upon his counsel.
psa:5 · narrativehigh
Source
[Verse: 3] იყოს იგი ვითარცა ხე, დანერგული თანა-წარსადინელსა წყალთასა, რომელმან გამოსცეს ხილი თჳსი ჟამსა თჳსსა და ფურცელი მისი არა დასცჳვის; ყოველივე რაჲცა ყოს, და წარემართენ მას
English
Let him be like a tree, planted by the flowing waters, which brings forth its fruit in its own time and whose leaf does not wither; everything that he does, and they direct him.
psa:6 · narrativehigh
Source
[Verse: 4] არა ესრე უღმრთონი და არა ეგრე, არამედ ვითარცა მტუერი, რომელ აღავის ქარმან პირისაგან ქუეყანისა.
English
Not so the impious, and not thus, but like dust which the wind lifts from the face of the earth.
psa:7 · narrativehigh
Source
[Verse: 5] ამისთჳს არა დადგენ უღმრთონი სარჯელსა, არცა ცოდვილნი ზრახვასა მართალთასა;
English
Therefore, the impious do not stand in judgment, nor do the sinners in the counsel of the righteous.
psa:8 · narrativehigh
Source
[Verse: 6] რამეთუ უწყის უფალმან გზაჲ მართალთაჲ და გზაჲ უღმრთოთაჲ წარწყმდეს.
English
For the Lord knows the way of the righteous and the way of the impious perishes.
Citation. Tergwame, “Psalms and Odes (Redaction A)”, psa:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/psa#s1
Colophon. Source: titus · licence: This text is part of the TITUS edition of Biblia Iberica: Psalterium et Odae. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 18.11.2023. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder. · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0030 · generated 2026-11-14.