Work dossier · summary and historical context
The Liturgy of St. Jacob is an anonymous liturgical text preserved in a single Old Georgian manuscript, attributed ambiguously to either James the Just or James of Nisibis. Its date is uncertain, likely originating between the 5th and 6th centuries, with the Georgian version representing a later translation from Greek or Syriac. The text survives with lacunae and scribal corrections, and its use was probably confined to certain Georgian monastic communities, such as Iviron or Mount Sinai. The Titus edition provides a diplomatic transcription without critical apparatus, limiting textual analysis. The liturgy's content reflects Byzantine liturgical language and themes, but its attribution and historical context remain unresolved.
This liturgy provides rare evidence of early Christian liturgical practices preserved in the Georgian tradition, reflecting the adaptation of Byzantine and Syriac elements. Its ambiguous attribution highlights the complexities of pseudepigraphic attribution in liturgical texts. The work is important for studying the development of anaphoras and preparatory prayers, as well as the transmission of liturgical forms between Greek, Syriac, and Georgian Christian communities.
The Liturgy of St. Jacob is part of the Georgian liturgical tradition, likely translated from Greek or Syriac sources in a monastic setting, possibly at Iviron on Mount Athos or at Georgian monasteries on Mount Sinai. The single manuscript basis and lack of critical edition make it difficult to date precisely; the original composition may date to the 5th–6th centuries, but the Georgian version could be later. The attribution to 'St. Jacob' is ambiguous: it may refer to James the Just, brother of Jesus and first bishop of Jerusalem, or to James of Nisibis, a 4th-century Syrian bishop. The liturgy's content does not resolve this, and it is not attested in standard Byzantine or Eastern Orthodox euchologia, suggesting limited use within specific Georgian communities. The text's transmission is uncertain, with the Old Georgian manuscript showing lacunae and corrections, and its relationship to a lost Greek Vorlage is unclear.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
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