Syriac · Other · 3rd-5th century CE Translated from Greek into Syriac
Anonymous · syriac
Work dossier · summary and historical context
The anonymous Syriac History of Mar Matthew and Mar Andrew recounts the apostolic mission of Matthew and Andrew to a city of cannibals, identified as Kalbith. The sole surviving manuscript is a late 19th-century copy, likely revised by scribes. The narrative belongs to a broader apocryphal tradition also attested in later Greek and Latin versions, such as the Acts of Andrew and Matthew and the Latin Acts of Andrew and Matthias. The text emphasizes the apostles' role in civilizing and converting a bestial population, using motifs like the casting of lots to assign missionary territories and the descent of the Paraclete at Pentecost.
This work is a key witness to the apocryphal apostolic traditions that flourished in Syriac Christianity, illustrating how legendary narratives shaped missionary ideals and the portrayal of non-Christian peoples. Its connections to Greek and Latin versions (dossier:greek-catena-acta; dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae) demonstrate the cross-cultural circulation of apostolic legends. The text also contributes to understanding the development of hagiographic topoi, such as the dehumanization of pagan populations and the apostolic casting of lots.
The work is undated, but internal evidence suggests composition no earlier than the 6th century CE. It survives only in a Syriac translation from a Greek original, preserved in a single late manuscript (likely 19th century). The Syriac text reflects the hagiographic and apostolic acta genre popular in Eastern Christian communities, particularly in Syriac-speaking regions of the late antique and medieval Near East. The narrative of Matthew and Andrew's mission to cannibals circulated widely, with parallels in Greek (dossier:greek-catena-acta), Latin (dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae), and Ethiopic traditions, indicating a broad transmission network. The city name Kalbith, possibly derived from Syriac ܟܠܒܐ (dog), suggests a symbolic geography. The text's transmission history is obscure, and the late manuscript may contain scribal revisions.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
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