{"slug":"dsc-335","id":"syriac:dsc:dsc-335","title":"History of Mar Matthew and Mar Andrew, Blessed Apostles","title_source":"History of Mar Matthew and Mar Andrew, Blessed Apostles","author":"Anonymous","genre":"other","date":"3rd-5th century CE Translated from Greek into Syriac","tradition":"syriac","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T05:27:36Z","cost_usd":0.012472},"source":{"registry_id":"syriac:dsc:dsc-335","work_id":"dsc-335","edition":"syriac","language":"","license":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://syriaccorpus.org/335"},"stats":{"passages":19,"english_words":6362,"coptic_letters":0,"source_letters":16118,"commentary_units":111,"commentary_kinds":8,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":35,"work_notes":4,"external_links":1,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"dsc-335","abstract":"The anonymous Syriac History of Mar Matthew and Mar Andrew recounts the apostolic mission of Matthew and Andrew to a city of cannibals, identified as Kalbith. The sole surviving manuscript is a late 19th-century copy, likely revised by scribes. The narrative belongs to a broader apocryphal tradition also attested in later Greek and Latin versions, such as the Acts of Andrew and Matthew and the Latin Acts of Andrew and Matthias. The text emphasizes the apostles' role in civilizing and converting a bestial population, using motifs like the casting of lots to assign missionary territories and the descent of the Paraclete at Pentecost.","historical_context":"The work is undated, but internal evidence suggests composition no earlier than the 6th century CE. It survives only in a Syriac translation from a Greek original, preserved in a single late manuscript (likely 19th century). The Syriac text reflects the hagiographic and apostolic acta genre popular in Eastern Christian communities, particularly in Syriac-speaking regions of the late antique and medieval Near East. The narrative of Matthew and Andrew's mission to cannibals circulated widely, with parallels in Greek (dossier:greek-catena-acta), Latin (dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae), and Ethiopic traditions, indicating a broad transmission network. The city name Kalbith, possibly derived from Syriac ܟܠܒܐ (dog), suggests a symbolic geography. The text's transmission history is obscure, and the late manuscript may contain scribal revisions.","significance":"This work is a key witness to the apocryphal apostolic traditions that flourished in Syriac Christianity, illustrating how legendary narratives shaped missionary ideals and the portrayal of non-Christian peoples. Its connections to Greek and Latin versions (dossier:greek-catena-acta; dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae) demonstrate the cross-cultural circulation of apostolic legends. The text also contributes to understanding the development of hagiographic topoi, such as the dehumanization of pagan populations and the apostolic casting of lots.","timeline":[{"date":"6th–7th c.","event":"Probable composition of the Greek original, based on internal evidence suggesting a date no earlier than the 6th century."},{"date":"6th–9th c.","event":"Translation from Greek into Syriac, likely within Syriac monastic or ecclesiastical circles."},{"date":"19th c.","event":"The sole surviving Syriac manuscript is copied, possibly with scribal revisions."},{"date":"Late antique–medieval","event":"The narrative circulates in Greek, Latin, and Ethiopic versions, indicating a broad apocryphal tradition."}],"relations":[{"work":"Acts of Andrew and Matthew (Greek)","relation":"Parallel narrative of the mission to the cannibals; shares the casting of lots motif.","key":"dossier:greek-catena-acta","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Acts of the Apostles (the Catena of Andrew)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-acta"},{"work":"Acts of Andrew and Matthias (Latin)","relation":"Latin version of the same apostolic legend, with similar episodes.","key":"dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae","label":"gap dossier: The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Cannibals (Latin recensions)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae"},{"work":"Martyrium Matthaei (Latin)","relation":"Related apocryphal tradition concerning Matthew's missionary activity.","key":"dossier:latin-martyrium-matthaei","label":"gap dossier: The Martyrdom of the Apostle Matthew (Latin recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-martyrium-matthaei"},{"work":"History of al-Makin (Copto-Arabic)","relation":"Later Copto-Arabic historical work that includes similar apostolic narratives.","key":"dossier:copto-arabic-al-makin-kitab-al-tarikh","label":"gap dossier: Book of History ('The Blessed Compendium')","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/copto-arabic-al-makin-kitab-al-tarikh"}],"external_links":[{"key":"wikipedia:Acts of Andrew and Matthias","label":"Acts of Andrew and Matthias","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_Andrew_and_Matthias","reason":"Provides context for the Latin version of the same apostolic legend."}],"cautions":["The work is anonymous and undated; the proposed 6th-century terminus post quem is based on internal evidence and remains uncertain.","The sole surviving Syriac manuscript is a late copy (likely 19th century) and may contain scribal revisions that obscure the original text.","The city name Kalbith is unattested in classical geography; its interpretation as symbolic is conjectural.","This edition does not collate all known manuscript witnesses, and variants from other traditions (e.g., Ethiopic) are not systematically recorded."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000489,"generated":"2026-11-15T03:04:22Z"},"links":[{"kind":"source","label":"Digital Syriac Corpus text","url":"https://syriaccorpus.org/335"},{"kind":"authority","label":"syriaca.org work record","url":"http://syriaca.org/work/8815"}],"checks":{"work":"dsc-335","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":19,"translated":19,"commentary_passages":19,"commentary_units":111,"english_words":6362,"source_letters":17075,"commentary_kinds":8},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sole surviving Syriac manuscript is a late copy, likely from the 19th century, preserving a text that may have undergone scribal revision.","cites":[{"key":"ed:dsc-335","label":"source edition: History of Mar Matthew and Mar Andrew, Blessed Apostles","url":"https://syriaccorpus.org/335"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is anonymous and undated; internal evidence suggests a composition no earlier than the 6th century, but a precise date remains uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The narrative of Matthew and Andrew’s mission to the cannibals is known in later Latin and Greek versions, indicating a broad apocryphal tradition.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae","label":"gap dossier: The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Cannibals (Latin recensions)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae"},{"key":"dossier:greek-catena-acta","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Acts of the Apostles (the Catena of Andrew)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-acta"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition does not collate all known manuscript witnesses; variants from other traditions (e.g., Ethiopic) are not systematically recorded.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 19 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":19},"term_index":[],"citations":{"dossier:greek-catena-acta":{"label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Acts of the Apostles (the Catena of Andrew)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-acta"},"dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae":{"label":"gap dossier: The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Cannibals (Latin recensions)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae"},"dossier:latin-martyrium-matthaei":{"label":"gap dossier: The Martyrdom of the Apostle Matthew (Latin recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-martyrium-matthaei"},"dossier:copto-arabic-al-makin-kitab-al-tarikh":{"label":"gap dossier: Book of History ('The Blessed Compendium')","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/copto-arabic-al-makin-kitab-al-tarikh"},"dossier:greek-catena-matthaeum":{"label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Gospel of Matthew (the 'integral' catena, from Paris, BnF Coislin gr. 23)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-matthaeum"},"dossier:latin-de-miraculis-thomae":{"label":"gap dossier: The Miracles of the Blessed Apostle Thomas (Latin)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-de-miraculis-thomae"},"hollis:alma990133335450203941":{"label":"Paul and the heritage of Israel : Paul's claim upon Israel's legacy in Luke and Acts in the light of the Pauline letters","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990133335450203941"},"dossier:latin-passio-andreae":{"label":"gap dossier: The Passion of the Apostle Andrew (Latin recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-passio-andreae"},"hollis:alma990003319400203941":{"label":"Maria: Bruchstücke und Umarbeitungen","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990003319400203941"},"ed:dsc-335":{"label":"source edition: History of Mar Matthew and Mar Andrew, Blessed Apostles","url":"https://syriaccorpus.org/335"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"ܬܫܥܝܬܐ\nܕܡܪܝ ܡܬܝ\nܘܕܡܪܝ ܐܢܕܪܐܝܣ\nܫ̈ܠܝܚܐ ܛܘܒ̈ܢܐ. ܬܘܒ ܬܫܥܝܬܗ ܕܡܪܝ ܡܬܝ ܘܕܡܪܝ ܐܢܕܪܐܝܣ\nܫ̈ܠܝܚܐ ܛ̈ܘܒܢܐ ܟܕ ܬܠܡܕܘ ܠܡܕܝܢܬ ܟܠܒܝܢ\nܕܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܗܿ ܐܟܠܿܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܒܣܪܐ ܕܒܢܝ̈ܢܫܐ. ܡܢ ܒܬܪ ܝܘ̈ܡܬܐ ܕܣܘܠܩܗ ܕܡܪܝܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܠܫܡܝܐ. ܟܕ ܐܬܡܠܝܘ ܝܘ̈ܡܬܐ ܕܦܢܛܩܘܣܛܝ. ܘܐܬܼܐ ܦܪܩܠܝܛܐ ܠܥܠܝܼܬܐ ܕܨܗܝܘܢ. ܘܐܬܡܠܝܘ ܫ̈ܠܝܚܐ ܩ̈ܕܝܫܐ ܡܢ ܡܿܘܗܒܬܐ ܕܪܘܐ ܕܩܘܕܫܐ. ܗܘܼܐ ܨܒܝܢܐ ܠܟܠ ܚܕ ܚܕ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܕܢܦܩܼܘܢ ܘܢܿܟܪܙܘܢ ܣܒܪܬܗ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ. ܘܫܪܝܘ ܠܡܪܡܝܘ ܦܨܼ̈ܐ. ܘܠܡܦܠܓܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܒ̈ܝܢܝܗܘܢ. ܘܗܘܼܐ ܕܟܕ ܐܦܣܘ. ܡܛܝܗܝ ܠܡܬܝ ܫܝܚܐ ܕܢܐܙܠ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܐܿܝܕܐ ܕܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܗܿ ܒܢ̈ܝܢܫܐ ܐܟܿܠܝܢ ܗܘܘ. ܀ . ܀ . ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܗܿ ܕܝܢ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܿܝ. ܕܠܐ ܠܚܡܐ ܐܟܿܠܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܘܠܐ ܡܿܗܝܐ ܫܿܬܝܢ ܗܘܘ. ܐܠܐ ܗܝܼ ܡܐܟܘܠܬܗܘܢ ܐܝܬܝܗܿ ܗܘܬ ܒܣܪܐ ܕܒ̈ܢܝܢܫܐ. ܘܫܩܝܗܘܢ ܬܘܒ ܕܡܐ ܕܒ̈ܢܝܢܫܐ. ܟܠ ܕܝܢ ܒܪܢܫܐ ܐܿܝܼܢܐ ܘܚܨܿܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܘܡܦܩܝܢ ܥ̈ܝܢܘܗܝ ܘܝܗܿܒܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܗ ܠܡܫܼܬܐ ܟܣܐ ܕܒܚܪܫܘܬܐ ܡܙܝܓ ܗܘܐ. ܘܡܚܕܐ ܕܫܿܬܐ ܗܘܐ ܟܣܐ ܗܿܘ. ܡܫܬܚܠܦ ܗܘܐ ܠܒܗ ܘܐܿܒܕ ܗܘܐ ܪܥܝܢܗ. ܘܩܿܢܐ ܗܘܐ ܠܒܐ ܕܚܝܘܬܐ. ܀ . ܀ . ܘܗܘܼܐ ܕܟܕ ܥܠܼ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܡܬܝ ܠܓܘ ܡܢ ܬܪܥܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ. ܠܒܟܘܗܝ ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܗܿ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܿܝ ܘܚܼܨܘ ܘܐܦܩܘ ܥ̈ܝܢܘܗܝ ܘܝܗܒܘ ܠܗܠ ܠܡܫܬܐ ܟܣܐ ܗܿܘ ܕܒܚܪܫܘܬܐ ܡܙܝܓ ܗܘܼܐ. ܘܐܘܒܠܘܗܝ ܠܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ ܐܝܟܐ ܕܡܬܚܒܫ ܗܘܐ ܟܠ ܐܝܢܐ ܕܢܿܦܠ ܗܘܐ ܒܐܝܼ̈ܕܝܗܘܢ. ܘܪܡܿܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܗ ܥܡܝܪܐ ܠܡܐܟܠ. ܀ . ܗܘܼ ܕܝܢ ܫܠܚܐ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܟܕ ܐܫܬܝ ܟܣܐ ܗܿܘ ܕܝܗܒܘ ܠܗܼ ܠܐ ܐܫܬܚܠܦ ܠܒܗ. ܐܠܐ ܐܡܝܢܐܝܬ ܒܨܠܘܐ ܘܒܕܡ̈ܥܐ ܬܟܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܗܘܐ ܟܕ ܐܡܿܪ. ܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐܼ.","english":"The History of Mar Matthew and Mar Andrew, Blessed Apostles. Again, the history of Mar Matthew and Mar Andrew, the blessed apostles, when they taught the city of Kalbith, whose inhabitants were eaters of the flesh of wild beasts. After the days of the ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ to heaven, when the days of Pentecost were fulfilled, and the Paraclete came to the upper room of Zion, and the holy apostles were filled with the gift of the Spirit of Holiness, there was a desire for each one of them to go out and preach the gospel of Christ. And they began to cast lots and to divide the regions among themselves. And it happened that when they had finished, the lot fell to Matthew the apostle to go to a certain city whose inhabitants were wild beasts, eaters of flesh. Now the inhabitants of that city did not eat bread nor drink water, but their food was the flesh of wild beasts, and their drink also the blood of wild beasts. Every stranger, however, who entered, they would seize and gouge out his eyes and give him to drink a cup mixed with sorcery. And as soon as he drank that cup, his heart would be changed and his mind would be lost, and he would become like a wild beast. And it happened that when the holy Matthew entered through the gate of the city, the inhabitants of that city seized him and gouged out his eyes and gave him to drink that cup which was mixed with sorcery. And they led him to the prison where every man who fell into their hands was confined, and they would throw him fodder to eat. But that blessed apostle, when he drank that cup which they gave him, his heart was not changed, but he was peacefully in prayer and with flowing tears, while he said, \"My Lord Jesus Christ.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ܬܫܥܝܬܐ","severity":"info","text":"The double title (lines 1–3) frames the work as a single history of both apostles, then restates it with a narrative incipit. This is typical of Syriac hagiographic openings.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ܟܠܒܝܢ","severity":"info","text":"The city name Kalbith (ܟܠܒܝܢ) is unattested in classical geography; it may derive from Syriac ܟܠܒܐ (dog), suggesting a symbolic 'city of dogs' whose inhabitants behave like wild beasts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܦܪܩܠܝܛܐ","severity":"info","text":"The descent of the Paraclete (ܦܪܩܠܝܛܐ) at Pentecost echoes Acts 2:1–4. The Syriac term is a loan from Greek παράκλητος, used in Syriac tradition for the Holy Spirit.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ܡܪܡܝܘ ܦܨܼ̈ܐ","severity":"info","text":"The casting of lots (ܡܪܡܝܘ ܦܨܼ̈ܐ) to assign missionary regions parallels the narrative in the Greek Acts of Andrew and Matthew (dossier:greek-catena-acta) and the Latin Acts of Andrew and Matthias (dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae).","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-catena-acta","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Acts of the Apostles (the Catena of Andrew)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-acta"},{"key":"dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae","label":"gap dossier: The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Cannibals (Latin recensions)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܥܡܝܪܐ","severity":"info","text":"The word ܥܡܝܪܐ (fodder) is used for the food given to prisoners, dehumanizing them as beasts. This reinforces the theme of the inhabitants' bestial nature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ܡܪܝ ܡܬܝ ܘܕܡܪܝ ܐܢܕܪܐܝܣ","severity":"info","text":"This Syriac text is part of a broader tradition of apostolic acts; similar episodes appear in the Latin Martyrium Matthaei (dossier:latin-martyrium-matthaei) and the Copto-Arabic history of al-Makin (dossier:copto-arabic-al-makin-kitab-al-tarikh).","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-martyrium-matthaei","label":"gap dossier: The Martyrdom of the Apostle Matthew (Latin recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-martyrium-matthaei"},{"key":"dossier:copto-arabic-al-makin-kitab-al-tarikh","label":"gap dossier: Book of History ('The Blessed Compendium')","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/copto-arabic-al-makin-kitab-al-tarikh"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The city name Kalbith (ܟܠܒܝܢ) is not securely identified; it may be symbolic rather than historical.","The phrase 'ܡܢ ܒܬܪ ܝܘ̈ܡܬܐ ܕܣܘܠܩܗ ܕܡܪܝܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܠܫܡܝܐ' could be read as a general temporal marker ('after the days of the ascension') or as a specific reference to the post-Pentecost period; the translation takes the latter."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ܗܿܘ ܕܡܛܠܬܟ ܫܒܩܢܢ ܟܠܡܕܡ ܘܐܬܿܝܢ ܒܬܪܟ. ܡܛܠ ܕܝܼܿܕܥܝܢܢ ܕܐܢܬ ܗܘ ܐܠܗܐ ܫܪܝܪܐ ܘܡܣܝܥܢܐ ܘܦܪܘܩܐ ܕܟܠܗܘܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܡܣܿܒܪܝܢ ܒܟ. ܚܘܪ ܡܪܝ ܘܚܙܝ ܡܕܡ ܕܥܿܒܕ ܥܡܐ ܗܢܐ ܥܿܛܠܐ ܠܡܬܝ ܥܒܼܕܟ. ܕܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܡܝܘܢܝ ܠܚܝܘܬܐ ܕܠܝܬ ܒܗܿ ܒܘܝܢܐ. ܐܢܬ ܓܝܪ ܐܝܬܝܟ ܝܿܕܘܥܐ ܕܟܠܡܕܡ. ܐܢ ܗܟܢܐ ܡܪܝ ܗܘܼܐ ܠܟ ܨܒܝܢܐ ܕܐܿܗܘܐ ܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ ܠܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܗܿ ܕܡܝܕܢܬܐ ܗܕܐܼ ܨܒܝܢܟ ܢܫܠܼܡ. ܠܐ ܥܿܪܩ ܐܢܐ ܡܢ ܦܘܩܕܢܟ. ܗܒ ܠܝ ܢܘܗܪܐ ܕܥ̈ܝܢܝ ܕܐܿܚܙܐ ܡܕܡ ܕܥܿܒܕܝܢ ܒܝ ܒ̈ܢܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ. ܠܐ ܡܪܝ ܬܫܒܩܢܝ ܘܠܐ ܬܫܠܡܢܝ ܠܗܢܐ ܡܿܘܬܐ ܡܪܝܪܐ. ܀ . ܘܟܕ ܗܠܝܢ ܡܨܿܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܡܬܝ ܢܘܗܪܐ ܥܙܝܙܐ ܐܙܠܓ ܒܟܠܗ ܐܬܪܐ ܗܿܘ ܕܬܡܿܢ ܚܒܝܫ ܗܘܐ. ܘܩܠܐ ܐܫܬܡܥ ܡܢ ܢܘܗܪܐ ܗܿܘ ܕܐܡܿܪ. ܀ . ܀ . ܡܬܝ ܫܠܚܐ ܕܝܠܝ ܬܠܝ ܥ̈ܝܢܝܟ ܠܥܠ. ܘܡܚܕܐ ܬܠܐ ܥ̈ܝܢܘܗܝ ܘܚܼܙܐ. ܘܬܘܒ ܩܠܐ ܗܘܼܐ ܠܘܬܗ ܕܬܪ̈ܬܝܢ ܙܒ̈ܢܝܢ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܡܬܝ ܐܫܬܪܪ ܘܐܬܚܿܝܠ ܘܠܐ ܬܕܚܼܠ. ܠܐ ܓܝܪ ܐܪܦܝܟ ܘܠܐ ܐܫܒܩܟ. ܐܢܐ ܓܝܪ ܡܿܦܨܐ ܐܢܐ ܠܟ ܡܢ ܟܠ ܢܣܝ̈ܘܢܝܢ. ܠܐ ܓܝܪ ܠܟ ܒܠܚܘܕ ܐܠܐ ܠܟܠܗܘܢ ܚܒܪ̈ܝܟ. ܘܒܟܠܙܒܢ ܓܝܪ ܥܡܟ ܐܝܿܬܝ. ܘܗܫܐ ܣܝܒܪ ܒܒܝܬ ܚܒܘܫܝܟ ܗܢܐ ܝܘ̈ܡܬܐ ܥܣܪ̈ܝܢ ܘܚܡܫܐ. ܡܛܠ ܥܘܕܪܢܐ ܕܢܦܫ̈ܬܐ ܕܣ̈ܓܝܐܐ. ܘܡܬ ܒܬܪ ܗܠܝܢ ܐܿܫܕܪ ܠܘܬܟ ܠܐܢܪܝܣ ܘܢܦܩܟ ܡܢ ܒܝܬ ܚܒܘܫܝܐ ܗܢܐ ܐܦ ܠܟܠܗܘܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܐܝܬ ܥܡܟ ܗܪܟܐ. ܀ . ܘܟܕ ܗܥܠܝܢ ܐܡܼܪ ܦܪܘܩܢ. ܐܬܥܠܝ ܠܫܡܝܐ.܀.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܡܬܝ ܐܡܼܪ. ܛܝܒܘܬܟ ܬܗܘܼܐ ܥܡܢ ܡܪܝܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܘܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܗܘܐ ܠܓܘ ܒܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ ܘܡܙܡܙ ܗܘܐ. ܘܗܘܼܐ ܕܟܕ ܥܐܿܠܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ ܠܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ. ܕܢܦܩܘܢ ܒ̈ܢܝܢܫܐ ܠܢܟܣܬܐ. ܛܿܦܐ ܗܘܐ ܡܬܝ ܥ̈ܝܢܘܗܝ ܕܠܐ ܢܣܬܟܠܘܢ ܕܚܼܙܐ ܢܘܗܪܐ.","english":"he who for your sake left everything and came after you. For he knew that you are the true God, the helper and savior of all those who hope in you. Look, my lord, and see what this people does, idle, to your servant Matthew. For they liken him to a beast that has no reason. For you are the knower of everything. If, my lord, it is your will that I become food for the inhabitants of this city, your will be done. I will not flee from your command. Give me the light of my eyes that I may see what the sons of this city do to me. Do not, my lord, abandon me and deliver me to this bitter death. And while the blessed Matthew was praying, a strong light flashed throughout that region which had been dark. And a voice was heard from that light, saying: \"Matthew, my apostle, lift your eyes upward.\" And immediately he lifted his eyes and saw. And again a voice came to him a second time and said: \"Matthew, be strong and be empowered and do not fear. For I will not let you go nor abandon you. For I am the one who delivers you from all your afflictions. For not only you, but all your companions. And at all times I am with you. And now endure in this prison of yours these twenty-five days for the sake of the help of many souls. And after these days I will send to you to Arius and take you out of this prison, and also all those who are with you here.\" And when he had said this, the Savior said: \"Ascend to heaven.\" Then Matthew said: \"May your grace be with us, Lord Jesus Christ.\" And he was inside the prison and trembled. And it happened that when the guards entered the prison to take the prisoners to the judge, Matthew closed his eyes so that they would not perceive that he had seen the light.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ܥܿܛܠܐ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac ܥܿܛܠܐ (ʿaṭlā) means 'idle' or 'vain,' here describing the people's action as futile or wicked, not merely lazy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac ܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ (mākūltā) means 'food' in a literal sense, but here it is used metaphorically for being devoured by wild beasts, a common martyrdom trope.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܦܪܘܩܐ","severity":"info","text":"The title ܦܪܘܩܐ (pārōqā) 'Savior' echoes New Testament usage (e.g., John 4:42) and is a standard Christological title in Syriac literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ܥܣܪ̈ܝܢ ܘܚܡܫܐ","severity":"info","text":"The twenty-five days of imprisonment may reflect a symbolic period of trial or a narrative convention; similar durations appear in other apocryphal acts (e.g., Acts of Thomas).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ܐܪܝܘܣ","severity":"info","text":"The name Arius (ܐܪܝܘܣ) appears as a judge or official; this is a different figure from the heresiarch Arius, but the name may carry negative connotations for a Syriac Christian audience.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܟܕ ܗܥܠܝܢ ܐܡܼܪ ܦܪܘܩܢ. ܐܬܥܠܝ ܠܫܡܝܐ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Ascend to heaven' marks a theophanic conclusion to the vision, a common structural element in apocryphal acts that signals the end of a divine communication.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the speaker in the opening prayer is ambiguous: it could be Andrew or another disciple; the text does not specify.","The phrase 'ܐܬܥܠܝ ܠܫܡܝܐ' (ascend to heaven) could be addressed to the Savior himself or to Matthew; the context suggests the former."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ܘܗܘܼܐ ܒܚܕ ܡܢ ܝܘ̈ܡܝܢ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܝܢ ܡܦܩܝܢܢ ܠܗ ܐܦ ܠܗܢܐ ܘܕܒܚܝܢܢ ܠܗ. ܟܬܒܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܓܝܪ ܒܕܦܐ ܕܩܝܣܐ ܝܘܡܐ ܗܿܘ ܕܒܗ ܡܬܠܒܟ ܐܫ. ܘܩܿܛܪܝܢ ܠܗ ܒܐܝܼܕܗ. ܕܢܗܼܘܘܢ ܝܿܕܥܝܢ ܡܘܠܝܐ ܕܝܘ̈ܡܘܗܝ.܀. ܘܗܘܼܐ ܕܟܕ ܐܬܡܠܝܘ ܝܘ̈ܡܬܐ ܥܣܪ̈ܝܢ ܘܫܒܥܐ. ܡܢ ܕܐܬܠܒܟ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܡܬܝ. ܐܬܚܙܝ ܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܠܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܗܿܘ ܕܒܗ ܡܿܠܦ ܗܘܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗ. ܐܢܕܪܝܣܼ ܩܘܡ ܙܠ ܥܡ ܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܝܟ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܿܝ ܕܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܗܿ ܒ̈ܢܝܢܫܐ ܐܟܿܠܝܢ. ܘܐܦܩ ܠܡܬܝ ܡܢ ܒܝܬ ܚܒܘܫܝܐ ܗܿܘ ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܒܗ. ܒܬܪ ܓܝܪ ܬܠܬܐ ܝܘ̈ܡܝܢ ܥܬܝܕܝܢ ܗܿܢܘܢ ܪ̈ܫܝܥܐ ܕܢܐܦܩܘܢܝܗܝ ܘܢܕܒܚܘܢܝܗܝ ܐܝܟ ܕܠܡܐܟܘܠܬܗܘܢ. ܘܥܢܼܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܡܪܝܼ ܠܐ ܡܫܟܚ ܐܢܐ ܥܕ ܬܠܬܐ ܝܘ̈ܡܝܢ ܐܿܙܠ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܿܝ. ܡܛܠ ܕܢܓܝܪܐ ܗܝ ܐܘܪܚܐ. ܐܠܐ ܫܕܪ ܡܠܐܟܐ ܘܢܦܩܝܘܗܝ ܡܢ ܬܡܿܢ. ܐܢܬ ܓܝܪ ܡܪܝ ܝܿܕܥ ܐܢܬ ܕܦܓܪܐ ܠܒܝܫ ܐܢܐ. ܘܠܐ ܡܿܨܼܐ ܐܢܐ ܕܩܠܝܠܐܝܬ ܐܬܡܿܢܥ ܠܬܡܿܢ. ܐܦܠܐ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܝܿܕܥ ܐܢܐ. ܀ . ܀ . ܥܼܢܐ ܕܝܢ ܡܪܢ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗ. ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܫܡܼܥ ܘܐܬܛܦܝܣ ܠܗܿܘ ܕܥܒܼܕܟ ܘܐܝܬܝܟ ܠܗܘܝܐ. ܡܫܟܚ ܗܘ ܓܝܪ ܕܒܪܦܦ ܥܝܢܐ ܕܢܦܩܘܕ ܘܬܬܛܥܢ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܿܝ ܘܬܐܬܐ ܠܗܪܟܐ. ܦܩܿܕ ܐܢܐ ܓܝܪ ܠܪܘܚܐ ܘܡܡܢܥܐ ܠܟ ܠܬܡܿܢ. ܐܠܐ ܩܘܡ ܒܨܿܦܪܐ ܘܚܘܬ ܠܣܦܬ ܝܡܐ ܥܡ ܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܝܟ ܘܗܐ ܡܫܟܚ ܐܢܬ ܐܠܦܼܐ. ܣܩ ܠܗܿ ܐܢܬ ܘܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܝܟ. ܀ . ܀ . ܘܟܕ ܐܡܼܪ ܡܪܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܝܗܒ ܠܗ ܫܿܠܡܐ ܘܐܬܥܠܝ ܠܡܫܝܐ. ܀ . ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܩܡ ܒܨܿܦܪܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܐܬܦܼܿܩܕ. ܘܐܙܠܼ ܠܣܦܪ̈ܝ ܝܡܐ ܥܡ ܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ. ܘܚܼܙܐ ܐܠܦܼܐ ܙܥܘܪܬܐ. ܘܒܗܿ ܒܐܠܦܼܐ ܬܠܬܐ ܓܒܪ̈ܝܢ ܝܿܬܒܝܢ ܗܘܘ. ܗܘܼ ܓܝܪ ܡܪܢ ܒܦܘܩܕܢܗ ܛܝܿܒ ܐܠܦܼܐ. ܘܡܬܚܼܙܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܗܿ ܒܕܡܼܘܬܐ ܓܒܪܐ ܡܿܠܚܐܼ.","english":"And it happened on one of the remaining days that they were also bringing him out and sacrificing him. For they were writing on a tablet of wood the day on which he was to be burned, and they were tying it to his hand, so that they might know the date of his days. And it happened that when the twenty-seven days were completed from the time that the blessed Matthew was burned, the Lord Jesus Christ appeared to Andrew in that region where he was teaching and said to him: \"Andrew, arise, go with your disciples to that city whose inhabitants are evil cannibals, and bring Matthew out of that prison in which he is. For after three days those wicked ones are about to bring him out and sacrifice him as their food.\" And Andrew answered and said: \"My Lord, I cannot go to that city within three days, because the road is long. But send an angel and have him brought out from there. For you, my Lord, know that I am of weak body, and I am not able to move quickly to there, nor do I know the way.\" Then the Lord answered and said to him: \"Andrew, listen and be attentive to him who made you and brought you into being. For he is able, by the command of the tip of his finger, to move that city and bring it here. For I command the wind and it will transport you there. But arise in the morning and go down to the seashore with your disciples, and behold, you will find a boat. Board it, you and your disciples.\" And when the Lord said these things, he gave him peace and ascended to heaven. Then Andrew arose in the morning as he had been commanded, and went to the seashore with his disciples. And he saw a small boat, and in that boat three men were sitting. For the Lord, by his gracious command, had prepared the boat, and he appeared in it in the likeness of a sailor.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܗܘܼܐ ܒܚܕ ܡܢ ܝܘ̈ܡܝܢ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܝܢ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase marks a new narrative episode, typical of Syriac hagiography, indicating a temporal shift after the preceding events.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܕܦܐ ܕܩܝܣܐ","severity":"info","text":"The 'tablet of wood' (ܕܦܐ ܕܩܝܣܐ) is a writing surface; the detail of tying it to the hand underscores the bureaucratic cruelty of the cannibal city.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ","severity":"info","text":"Christ's direct command to Andrew echoes Gospel commissioning scenes (e.g., Matt 28:19; Acts 9:10–18), but the specific rescue mission is apocryphal.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-catena-acta","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Acts of the Apostles (the Catena of Andrew)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-acta"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ܐܟܿܠܝܢ","severity":"info","text":"The epithet 'cannibals' (ܐܟܿܠܝܢ) for the city's inhabitants is a topos in apocryphal acts, emphasizing the savagery of the opponents and the miraculous nature of the rescue.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ܐܠܦܼܐ ܙܥܘܪܬܐ","severity":"info","text":"The miraculous boat with three sailors, one being Christ in disguise, parallels the ship motif in the Acts of Thomas and the Acts of John, where divine figures appear as sailors.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae","label":"gap dossier: The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Cannibals (Latin recensions)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܟܕ ܐܡܼܪ ܡܪܢ ܗܠܝܢ","severity":"info","text":"The clause 'when the Lord said these things' closes the divine speech and transitions to Andrew's obedient action, a common structural marker in Syriac narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Syriac text has minor orthographic variations (e.g., ܡܢ for ܡܢ, ܐܢ for ܐܢ) that do not affect the sense; the reading follows the edition's normalization."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"ܘܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܥܡܗ ܬܪ̈ܝܢ ܡ̈ܠܐܟܝܢ ܒܕܡܼܘܬܐ ܕܒ̈ܢܝܢܫܐ. ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܕܝܢ ܟܕ ܚܼܙܐ ܠܐܠܦܼܐ ܗܿܝ ܘܠܗܠܝܢ ܬܠܬܐ ܓܒܪ̈ܝܢ ܕܒܓܘܗܿ ܚܕܐ ܚܕܘܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ. ܘܩܼܪܒ ܠܘܬ ܐܠܦܼܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗܘܢ. ܠܐܝܟܐ ܐܙ݀ܠܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܐܚ̈ܝ. ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗ ܡܪܢ. ܠܐܬܪܐ ܗܿ، ܕܐܟܿܠܝܢ ܒ̈ܢܝܫܢܐ ܐܙ݀ܠܝܢܢ. ܀ . ܀ . ܗܼܘ ܕܝܢ ܐܢܕܪܝܫ ܠܐ ܐܣܬܟܿܠ ܕܝܫܘܥ ܗܘ.܀. ܗܘܼ ܕܝܢ ܡܪܢ ܛܼܿܫܝ ܗܘ ܥܘܙܐ ܕܚܝܼܠܐ ܕܐܠܗܘܬܗ ܘܡܬܚܙܐ ܗܘܐ ܐܝܟ ܩܘܒܪܢܝܛܐ .܀.܀. ܘܥܼܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܘܐܦ ܚܢܢ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܿܝ ܒܥܿܝܢܢ ܠܡܐܙܠ.܀.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܐܡܼܪ ܠܗ ܡܪܢ ܟܠܢܫ ܥܿܪܩ ܡܢ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܿܝ: ܘܐܢܬܘܢ ܒܥܿܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܕܠܬܡܿܢ ܬܐܙܠܘܢ .܀. ܥܢܼܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܨܒܘܬܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܢ ܕܢܥܼܒܕ ܬܡܿܢ. ܘܘ݀ܠܝܬܐ ܗܝ ܕܠܬܡܿܢ ܢܐܙܠ. ܘܗܫܐ ܐܢ ܥܿܒܕܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܥܡܢ ܛܝܒܘܬܐ ܚܘܘ ܠܢ .܀. ܘܥܼܢܐ ܝܫܘܥ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗܘܢ. ܣܩܘ ܒܫܿܠܡܐ. ܘܥܢܼܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܫ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܒܿܥܐ ܐܢܐ ܕܬܗܘܼܐ ܝܿܕܥ ܐܚܝ ܩܕܡ ܕܢܣܼܩ ܠܐܠܦܼܐܼ. ܕܐܓܪܐ ܕܐܠܦܼܐ ܠܝܬ ܠܢ ܠܡܬܠ ܠܟ. ܘܐܦܠܐ ܠܚܡܐ ܠܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ ܐܝܬ ܥܡܢ .܀. ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗ ܡܪܢ ܘܐܝܟܢܐ ܣܿܠܩܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܠܐܠܦܼܐ. ܟܕ ܐܓܪܐ ܕܐܠܦܼܐ ܠܝܬ ܥܡܟܘܢ .܀. ܐܡܿܪ ܠܗ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܫܡܼܥ ܐܚܝ. ܠܐ ܬܣܼܒܪ ܠܟ ܕܡܢ ܩܫܝܘܬ ܩܕܠܐ ܠܐ ܝܿܗܒܝܢ ܠܟ ܐܓܪܐ ܕܐܠܦܼܐ. ܐܠܐ ܚܢܢ ܐܝܬܝܢ ܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ ܕܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܗܿܘ ܕܗܼܘ ܐܚܒܢ ܘܓܒܼܐ ܠܢ ܠܬܪܥܣܪ̈ ܘܝܗܒܼ ܠܢ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܕܡܐ ܕܐܙ݀ܠܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܕܬ݀ܟܪܙܘܢ. ܠܐ ܬܣܒܼܘܢ ܠܟܘܢ ܟܝ̈ܣܐ ܘܠܐ ܬܪ̈ܡܠܐ. ܐܦܠܐ ܢܚܫܐ ܒܟܝ̈ܣܝܟܘܢ. ܘܠܐ ܠܚܡܐ ܘܠܐ ܫܒܛܐ ܘܐܦܠܐ ܡ̈ܣܐܢܐ. ܘܠܐ ܬܪ̈ܬܝܢ ܟܘ̈ܬܝܢܝܢ ܢܗܼܘܘܢ ܠܟܘܢ. ܐܢ ܕܝܢ ܥܿܒܕ ܐܢܬ ܒܢ ܡܪܚܡܢܘܬܐ. ܐܡܼܪ ܠܢ ܒܥܓܠ.","english":"And there were with him two angels in the form of young men. And Hadrian, when he saw that ship and those three men in it, was filled with great joy. And he approached the ship and said to them, \"Where are you going, my brothers?\" And the Lord said to him, \"To the land where the evil ones eat, we are going.\" Now Hadrian did not understand that it was Jesus. Now the Lord was concealing the power of his divinity and appeared like a helmsman. And Hadrian cried out and said, \"I too wish to go to that city.\" Then the Lord said to him, \"Everyone is fleeing from that city, and you wish to go there?\" Hadrian cried out and said, \"I have a desire to do something there, and it is necessary for me to go there. And now, if you do me a kindness, show it to me.\" And Jesus cried out and said to them, \"Board in peace.\" And Hadrian cried out and said, \"I beg that you may know, my brother, before I board the ship, that I have no fare to give you, nor do I have bread for food with me.\" And the Lord said to him, \"How will you board the ship, when you have no fare with you?\" Hadrian said to him, \"Listen, my brother. Do not think that because of the hardness of my neck I will not give you the fare of the ship. But I am one of the disciples of the Lord Jesus Christ, he who loved and chose you, the Twelve, and gave you a command and said, 'When you go to preach, do not take purses or wallets, nor a wallet on your purses, nor bread, nor a staff, nor sandals, nor two tunics for yourselves. But if you do an act of mercy, tell me quickly.'","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܩܘܒܪܢܝܛܐ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac term qobrāyīṭā (helmsman) is a loan from Greek κυβερνήτης. It underscores the motif of Christ disguised as a ship's pilot, a narrative device found in several apostolic acts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܠܐ ܬܣܒܼܘܢ ܠܟܘܢ ܟܝ̈ܣܐ ܘܠܐ ܬܪ̈ܡܠܐ","severity":"info","text":"Hadrian's recitation of Jesus' command to the apostles echoes the apostolic poverty injunctions in the Synoptic mission charge (cf. Matt 10:9–10; Luke 9:3). The list of forbidden items (purses, wallets, bread, staff, sandals, two tunics) closely parallels the Syriac tradition of the Apostolic Canons.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ܐܢܕܪܝܣ","severity":"info","text":"Hadrian (Hadrianus) is the Roman emperor (r. 117–138 CE). In this hagiographic narrative, he is cast as a persecutor of the apostles, a role that conflates historical memory with legendary embellishment common in later apocryphal acts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage forms a recognition scene: Hadrian fails to identify Jesus, who conceals his divinity. The motif of the disguised divine figure testing a mortal is a structural staple in the apocryphal acts (cf. Acts of Thomas, Acts of John).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The ship journey and the disguised Christ appear in the Latin Acts of Andrew and Matthias (dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae) and the Greek Catena on Matthew (dossier:greek-catena-matthaeum). The Syriac version here expands the dialogue and the list of forbidden items.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae","label":"gap dossier: The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Cannibals (Latin recensions)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae"},{"key":"dossier:greek-catena-matthaeum","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Gospel of Matthew (the 'integral' catena, from Paris, BnF Coislin gr. 23)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-matthaeum"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܐܝܟܢܐ ܣܿܠܩܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܠܐܠܦܼܐ","severity":"caution","text":"The Syriac text at this point shows a possible haplography: the verb 'you board' (sālqīn) is plural, but the preceding address is singular. The English draft smooths this to singular, but the manuscript may preserve a mixed address.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'two angels in the form of young men' is not specified; they may be the apostles Matthew and Andrew in disguise, or separate angelic figures.","The phrase 'land where the evil ones eat' is obscure; it may refer to a place of execution or a metaphorical realm of sin."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"ܘܐܢܕܝܢ ܠܐ ܢܒܥܐ ܠܢ ܐܠܦܼܐ ܐܚܪܬܐ . ܀ . ܥܼܢܐ ܝܫܘܥ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗܘܢ. ܐܢ ܗܿܢܘ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܕܩܿܒܠܬܘܢ ܘܢܛܿܪܝܬܘܢ ܠܗܼ. ܣܩܘ. ܐܡܿܪܬ ܠܟܘܢ ܓܝܪ ܕܪܓܝܓ ܐܢܐ ܕܢܣܼܩܘܢ ܠܬܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ ܠܐܠܦܝ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ ܗܿܢܘܢ ܕܝܿܗܒܝܢ ܠܝ ܕܗܒܐ ܘܣܐܡܐ. ܗܕܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܡܿܪ ܐܢܐ ܠܟܘܢ. ܕܐܟܒܪ ܫܿܘܐ ܐܢܐ ܕܢܣܼܩ ܬܠܡܝܕܗ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ ܠܐܠܦܝ. ܀ . ܀ . ܘܥܼܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܫܒܘܩ ܠܝ ܐܚܝ. ܡܪܢ ܢܬܠ ܠܟ ܐܓܪܐ ܘܫܘܒܩܢܐ.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܣܿܠܩ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܠܐܠܦܼܐ. ܘܥܼܢܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗܘܢ ܠܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ. ܒ̈ܢܝ ܐܢ ܨܿܒܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܩܘܘ ܒܝܒܫܐ ܥܕ ܡܫܼܠܡ ܐܢܐ ܡܕܡ ܕܐܬܦܩܼܕ ܠܝ ܡܢ ܡܪܢ ܘܗܿܦܟ ܠܘܬܟܘܢ.܀. ܠܬܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ ܕܝܢ ܐܡܼܪܘ ܠܗ. ܚܣ ܠܢ ܕܗܕܐ ܢܥܼܒܕ. ܐܢ ܓܝܪ ܦܝܫܝܢܢ ܡܢܟ ܗܿܘܝܢܢ ܢܘܟܪ̈ܝܐ ܠܛܝܒܘܬܐ ܕܐܬܝܗܒܬ ܠܢ. ܘܗܫܐ ܥܡܟ ܗܿܘܝܢܢ ܟܠ ܐܝܟܐ ܕܬܐܙܠ.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܥܼܢܐ ܝܫܘܥ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܐܢܕܪܝܣ. ܐܢ ܒܫܪܪܐ ܬܠܡܝܕܗ ܐܢܬ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ. ܥܿܗܕ ܐܢܘܢ ܠܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܝܟ ܚ̈ܝܠܐ ܕܥܒܼܕ ܪܒܟ ܕܬܠܿܒܒ ܪ̈ܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ ܕܢܼܛܥܘܢ ܪܢܝܗ ܕܝܡܐ ܗܢܐ. ܕܗܐ ܡܛܝܒܝܢܢ ܕܢܫܪܐ ܠܐܠܦܼܐ ܡܢ ܐܪܥܐ ܘܢܼܪܕܐ .܀. ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܕܝܢ ܡܿܠܒܒ ܗܘܐ ܠܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ ܘܐܡܿܪ. ܒ̈ܢܝ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܐܫܠܡܬܘܢ ܢܦܫ̈ܬܟܘܢ ܡܛܠ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܠܐ ܬܕܚܠܘܢ. ܗܿܘ ܓܝܪ ܕܠܐ ܫܒܼܩ ܠܢ ܒܗܿܘ ܙܒܢܐ ܕܗܼܘܝܢ ܥܡܗ ܒܐܠܦܼܐ. ܘܕܡܼܟ ܗܘܐ ܒܐܠܦܼܐ ܟܕ ܡܿܢܣܐ ܠܟܢ. ܗܼܘ ܓܝܪ ܠܐ ܕܡܝܼܟ ܗܘܐ. ܘܟܕ ܗܘܼܬ ܪܘܚܐ ܪܒܬܐ. ܘܙܩܼܦ ܝܡܐ ܓ̈ܠܠܘܗܝ. ܐܝܟ ܕܢܣܼܩܘܢ ܠܥܠ ܡܢ ܩܝܣܗܿ ܕܐܠܦܼܐ. ܘܐܚܕܬ ܠܢ ܕܚܠܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ. ܘܩܡ ܦܪܘܩܢ ܘܟܐܐ ܒܪܘܚܐ ܘܢܚܘ ܓ̈ܠܠܐ ܘܗܘܐ ܫܠܝܐ ܪܒܐ ܒܝܡܐ. ܟܠܡܕܡ ܓܝܪ ܡܫܬܡܥ ܠܦܘܩܕܢܗ ܡܛܠ ܕܒܪܝܬܗ ܐܢܘܢ. ܘܗܫܐ ܒ̈ܢܝ ܠܐ ܬܕܚܠܘܢ.܀. ܘܟܕ ܗܠܝܢ ܐܡܼܪ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ.","english":"And Hadrian said to him, \"I do not want another ship.\" Jesus answered and said to them, \"If this is the command that you received and you have kept it, go up. For I told you that I am eager for the disciples of Christ to go up into the ship, more than for those who give me gold and treasure. This I said to you, that I am very worthy that a disciple of Christ should go up into the ship.\" And Hadrian answered and said, \"Leave me, my brother. My lord will give you a reward and forgiveness.\" Then Hadrian went up into the ship and answered and said to his disciples, \"My sons, if you wish, stay on the dry land until I finish what was commanded me by my lord and return to you.\" But his disciples said to him, \"It is not fitting that you do this. For if we remain with you, we would be strangers to the grace that was given to you. And now we are with you wherever you go.\" Then Jesus answered and said to Hadrian, \"If you are truly a disciple of Christ, remind your disciples of the miracles that your master performed, to encourage their minds, for they have lost sight of the shore of this sea. For behold, they are ready to separate the ship from the land and set sail.\" Hadrian then encouraged his disciples and said, \"My sons, you have entrusted yourselves for the sake of Christ. Do not be afraid. For he who did not leave you at that time when you were with him in the ship, and who slept in the ship while covering you—he indeed was not sleeping. And when there was a great wind, and the sea raised its waves, so that you went up above the mast of the ship, and great fear seized you, the Savior arose and rebuked the wind, and calmed the waves, and there was great calm on the sea. For everything obeys his command, because he is the creator. And now, my sons, do not be afraid.\" And when he had said this, Hadrian","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܦܘܩܕܢܐ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac term puqdānā (command) echoes the apostolic commission; in this hagiographic context it implies a divine mandate received by Hadrian.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܡܫܝܚܐ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'disciple of Christ' (talmīdā d-Mšīḥā) is a standard Syriac designation for apostles, reflecting New Testament usage (e.g., Acts 11:26).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ܐܠܦܼܐ","severity":"info","text":"The ship (ʾelāpā) is a central symbol in this narrative, representing the vessel of salvation and the apostolic mission; the motif of a miraculous sea voyage is common in Syriac apostolic acts.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae","label":"gap dossier: The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Cannibals (Latin recensions)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ܦܪܘܩܢ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Savior' (pārōqā) for Jesus parallels its use in Syriac liturgical texts and in the Acts of Thomas, where Christ is invoked as deliverer from storms.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-de-miraculis-thomae","label":"gap dossier: The Miracles of the Blessed Apostle Thomas (Latin)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-de-miraculis-thomae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage forms a narrative unit where Hadrian’s obedience and Jesus’s exhortation lead to a miracle story (calming the storm), typical of apostolic acts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of Christ sleeping while protecting disciples appears in later Syriac hagiography, possibly influenced by this text or its tradition.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990133335450203941","label":"Paul and the heritage of Israel : Paul's claim upon Israel's legacy in Luke and Acts in the light of the Pauline letters","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990133335450203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Syriac text has minor orthographic variations (e.g., ܢ for ܒ) that do not affect the sense; the reading follows the edition's normalization."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"ܡܨܿܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܕܢܩܘܘܢ ܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ ܒܫܼܝܢܐ. ܘܟܕ ܕܡܼܟܘ. ܐܬܦܢܝ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܝܫܘܥ. ܟܕܠܐ ܝܿܕܥ ܗܘܐ ܕܝܫܘܥ ܗܘ. ܐܡܼܪ ܠܝ ܓܒܪܐ. ܘܒܫܪܪܐ ܚܿܘܐ ܠܝ ܐܘܡܢܘܬܐܼ ܗܕܐ ܕܡܕܒܪܢܘܬܟ. ܠܐ ܓܝܪ ܡܡܬܘܡ ܚܼܙܐ ܠܝ ܩܘܒܪܢܝܛܐ ܕܡܿܕܒܪ ܐܠܦܼܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܠܟܼ ܗܫܐ ܚܿܙܐ ܐܢܐܼ. ܫܬܥܣܪ̈ܐ ܓܝܪ ܙܒ̈ܢܝܢ ܪܕܝܬܿ ܠܝ ܒܝܡܐ. ܘܗܕܐ ܕܫܒܥܣܪ̈ܐ. ܘܠܐ ܡܬܘܡ ܚܙܝܐ ܠܝ ܐܘܡܢܘܬܐ ܕܐܝܟ ܗܕܐ. ܫܪܝܪܐܝܬ ܓܝܪ ܕܗܟܢܐ ܐܝܬܝܗܿ ܐܠܦܼܐ ܗܕܐ ܒܓܘ ܝܡܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܒܝܒܫܐ. ܚܘܐ ܠܢ ܡܕܝܢ ܐܘܡܢܘܬܟ ܐܘ ܥܠܝܡܐ .܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܡܪܢ ܐܡܼܪ ܠܐܢܕܪܝܣ. ܐܦ ܚܢܢ ܙܒ̈ܢܝܢ ܣܓܝܐ̈ܢ ܪܕܝܢܢ ܒܝܡܐ. ܘܩܡ ܥܠܝܢ ܟܣܡܘܢܐ ܩܫܝܐ. ܐܠܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܐܝܬܝܟ ܬܠܡܝܕܗ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ. ܐܫܬܘܕܥܟ ܝܡܐ ܘܠܐ ܐܪܝܡ ܓ̈ܠܠܘܗܝ ܥܠܝܢ .܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܩܥܼܐ ܒܩܠܐ ܪܡܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܡܿܒܪܟ ܐܢܐ ܠܫܡܟ ܡܪܝ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܕܐܦܓܥܬܢܝ ܒܓܒܪܐ ܕܡܫܒܚ ܫܡܟ .܀. ܝܫܘܥ ܕܝܢ ܥܢܼܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗ. ܐܡܼܪ ܠܝ ܬܠܡܝܕܗ ܕܝܫܘܥܼ ܡܛܠ ܡܢܐ ܝܘ̈ܕܝܐ ܪ̈ܫܝܥܐ ܠܐ ܗܝܡܢܘܼ ܒܪܒܟ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܗܘ ܫܪܝܪܐܼ. ܚܿܘܐ ܠܝ. ܫܡܥܢܢ ܕܝܢ ܕܚܼܿܘܝ ܚܝܠܗ ܠܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ. ܘܥܢܼܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܐܝܢ ܐܚܝ ܚܼܿܘܝ ܠܢ ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܐܠܗܐ ܫܪܝܪܐ ܘܗܫܐ ܠܐ ܬܣܼܒܪ ܠܟ ܕܝܫܘܥ ܠܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܐܠܗܐ. ܗܼܘ ܓܝܪ ܥܒܼܕܗ ܠܒܪܢܫܐ. ܘܥܼܢܐ ܝܫܘܥ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܘܠܡܢܐ ܠܐ ܗܝܡܢܘ ܒܗ ܝ̈ܘܕܝܫܐ܀ ܥܼܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܐܘ ܓܒܪܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܠܟ ܪܘܚܐ ܕܝܕܥܬܐ ܘܕܟܠ ܣܘܟܠܐ. ܠܡܢܐ ܡܢܣܐ ܐܢܬ ܠܝ. ܐܡܿܪ ܠܗ ܡܪܢ. ܠܐ ܡܢܣܐ ܐܢܐ ܠܟ ܒܗܠܝܢ. ܐܠܐ ܚܕܝܐ ܢܦܫܝ ܘܪܘܙܐ ܒܗܝܢ. ܐܡܿܪ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܐܚܝ ܡܪܝܐ ܢܡܠܝܗܿ ܠܢܦܫܟ ܚܕܘܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܘܛܝܒܘܬܐ .܀. ܥܢܼܐ ܕܝܢ ܡܪܢ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܡܕܝܢ ܐܫܬܥܐ ܠܝ .܀. ܘܥܢܼܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܐܡܼܪ.","english":"was praying that his disciples might be established in peace. And when they had fallen asleep, Andrew turned and said to Jesus, not knowing that it was Jesus, “Tell me, sir, and truly show me this skill of your piloting. For I have never seen a helmsman who steers a ship as I now see you. For sixteen times I have sailed the sea, and this is the seventeenth, and never have I seen a skill like this. Truly, this ship is as steady in the midst of the sea as if on dry land. Show us, then, your skill, O young man.” Then our Lord said to Andrew, “We also have sailed the sea many times, and a fierce storm has risen against us. But because you are a disciple of Christ, the sea has recognized you and has not lifted its waves against us.” Then Andrew cried out with a loud voice and said, “I bless your name, my Lord Jesus Christ, for you have caused me to meet a man who glorifies your name.” Jesus answered and said to him, “Tell me, disciple of Jesus, why did the wicked Jews not believe in your Master, that he is the true God? Show me. For we have heard that he showed his power to his disciples.” Andrew answered and said, “O my brother, he showed us that he is the true God, and now do not suppose that Jesus is not God. For he it is who created man.” Jesus answered and said, “And why did the Jews not believe in him?” Andrew answered and said, “O man who has a spirit of knowledge and of all understanding, why are you testing me?” Our Lord said to him, “I am not testing you by these things, but my soul rejoices and delights in them.” Andrew said, “My brother, may the Lord fill your soul with great joy and grace.” Our Lord answered and said, “Then tell me.” And Andrew answered and said.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܐܘܡܢܘܬܐ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac term ʾūmānūṯā (skill, craft) is used here for piloting. The same root appears in the Greek loanword in Coptic Acts of Andrew and Matthias, where the helmsman’s art is a central motif.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-catena-acta","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Acts of the Apostles (the Catena of Andrew)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-acta"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Andrew’s claim of sixteen previous voyages and this being the seventeenth echoes a common hagiographic topos of the apostle’s extensive sea travels, paralleled in the Latin Acts of Andrew and Matthias.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae","label":"gap dossier: The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Cannibals (Latin recensions)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܝܘ̈ܕܝܐ ܪ̈ܫܝܥܐ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase “wicked Jews” (yūdāyē ršīʿē) reflects anti-Jewish polemic common in Syriac Christian literature, here linked to the disbelief in Jesus’ divinity, echoing New Testament accusations (e.g., John 19:15).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage forms a recognition scene: Andrew addresses Jesus as a young helmsman, then gradually realizes his identity, culminating in a blessing. The dialogue shifts from nautical skill to theological debate about Jewish disbelief.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of the sea recognizing a disciple of Christ and calming waves appears in the Coptic Acts of Andrew and Matthias, where the ship is miraculously steadied for the apostle’s sake.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-catena-acta","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Acts of the Apostles (the Catena of Andrew)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-acta"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Syriac text at the end is ambiguous: Andrew’s final response is cut off mid-sentence (“And Andrew answered and said”), possibly indicating a lacuna or a deliberate break before the next episode.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Syriac phrase ܐܘܡܢܘܬܐ ܕܡܕܒܪܢܘܬܟ (your piloting skill) could be read as a general compliment or as a specific reference to divine guidance; the narrative context favors the latter.","The identity of the speaker in the line “Tell me, disciple of Jesus” is unclear: it may be Jesus testing Andrew, or Andrew testing the helmsman; the Syriac allows both readings."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"ܠܐ ܫܡܼܥܬ ܚ̈ܝܠܐ ܕܥܒܼܕ ܩܕܡܝܗܘܢ. ܠܣ̈ܡܝܐ ܝܗܼܒ ܢܘܗܪܐ. ܘܠܚܓܝܪ̈ܐ ܕܢܗܠܟܘܢ. ܘܠܚܪ̈ܫܐ ܕܢܫܡܼܥܘܢ ܘܢܡܠܠܘܢ. ܘܠܕܝ̈ܘܐ ܐܦܩ. ܓܪ̈ܒܐ ܕܟܝ. ܠܡ̈ܝܼܬܐ ܐܚܝ. ܫܚܠܦ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܠܚܡܪܐ. ܘܫܩܠܼ ܚܡܫܐ ܠܚ̈ܡܝܢ ܘܬܪ̈ܝܢ ܢܘ̈ܢܝܢ ܘܦܩܼܕ ܠܥܡܐ ܕܢܣܬܡܟ ܥܠ ܥܣܒܐ. ܘܒܿܪܟ ܘܣܿܒܥ ܐܢܘܢ. ܘܐܟܠܘ ܚܡܫܐ ܐܿܠܦܝ̈ܢ ܘܣܒܥܘ ܘܐܘܬܪܘ. ܘܬܘܒ ܒܿܪܟ ܥܠ ܫܒܥܐ ܠܚ̈ܡܝܢ ܘܣܒܥ ܐܪ̈ܒܥܐ ܐܿܠܦܝ̈ܢ. ܘܐܬܘ̈ܬܐ ܘܬܕܡܪ̈ܬܐ ܘܚ̈ܝܠܐ ܣܓ̈ܝܐܐ ܣܥܼܪ. ܕܐܢ ܬܿܢܐ ܐܢܐ ܠܗܘܢ ܩܕܡܝܟ ܠܐ ܡܿܨܼܐ ܐܢܬ ܕܬܣܝܒܪ ܐܢܘܢ .܀. ܐܡܿܪ ܠܗ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܿܨܼܐ ܐܢܐ ܗܘ. ܐܠܐ ܠܚܟܝܡܐ ܡܠܬܐ ܚܕܐ ܣܦܩܐ ܠܗ. ܠܣܟܠܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܦܠܐ ܣ̈ܓܝܐܬܐ ܡ̈ܦܝܣܢ ܠܗ.܀. ܟܕ ܕܝܢ ܝܼܕܥ ܠܗ ܡܪܢ ܕܡܢܥܬ ܠܗܿ ܐܠܦܼܐ ܠܘܥܕܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ. ܐܪܟܢ ܪܝܫܗ ܠܘܬ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܡ̈ܠܐܟܐ. ܘܫܬܼܩ ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܕܠܡܡܠܠܘ ܥܡ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ. ܘܟܕ ܚܼܙܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܐܪܟܢ ܗܘܐ ܢܦܫܗ ܠܘܬ ܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ. ܘܛܒܼܥ ܒܫܼܢܬܐ ܝܩܝܪܬܐ. ܡܪܢ ܕܝܢ ܐܡܼܪ ܠܡ̈ܠܐܟܐ ܐܫܘܘ ܐܝܼ̈ܕܝܟܘܢ ܘܛܥܢܘܗܝ ܠܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܠܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ ܘܙܠ ܣܝܡ ܐܢܘܢ ܥܠ ܬܪܥܐ ܕܡܝܕܢܬܐ ܗܿܝ ܕܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܗܿ ܐܟܿܠܝܢ ܒܣܪܐ ܕܒ̈ܢܝܢܫܐ. ܘܥܒܕܘ ܡ̈ܠܐܟܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܐܬܦܩܿܕܘ. ܘܛܥܢܘܗܝ ܠܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܠܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ ܘܐܘܒܠܘ ܣܡܘ ܐܢܘܢ ܥܠ ܬܪܥܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܿܝ ܕܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܗܿ ܐܟܿܠܝܢ ܒ̈ܢܝܫܢܐ.܀.܀. ܟܕ ܕܝܢ ܐܬܬܥܝܪ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܡܢ ܫܼܢܬܗ ܘܦܬܼܚ ܥ̈ܝܢܘܗܝ. ܚܼܙܐ ܕܝܿܬܼܒ ܥܠ ܬܪܥܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܿܝ ܘܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ ܥܠ ܓܢܒܗ ܕܕܡܝܟܝܢ. ܘܟܕ ܡܬܕܡܪ ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܡܕܡ ܕܗܘܼܐ ܐܥܝܼܪ ܐܢܘܢ. ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗܘܢ. ܩܘܡܘ ܒ̈ܢܝ ܘܚܙܘ ܠܛܝܒܘܬܐ ܕܗܘܐ ܥܡܢ. ܘܕܥܘ ܕܥܡܢ ܗܘܐ ܡܪܢ ܒܐܠܦܼܐ. ܟܕ ܡܢܣܐ ܠܢ ܘܠܐ ܐܣܬܟܠܢܝܗܝ܀ ܥܢܘ ܕܝܢ ܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ ܘܐܡܼܪܘ ܠܗ. ܠܐ ܬܣܒܪ ܠܟ ܐܒܘܢ.","english":"Have you not heard of the powers that he performed before them? To the blind he gave sight, and to the lame he gave the ability to walk, and to the deaf he gave the ability to hear and speak, and he expelled demons. He cleansed lepers. He raised the dead. He changed water into wine, and he took five loaves and two fish and commanded the people who reclined on the grass, and he blessed and they were satisfied, and five thousand ate and were satisfied and there was surplus. And again he blessed seven loaves and four thousand were satisfied. And many signs, wonders, and powers he performed, so that if I were to recount them to you before you, you would not be able to bear them. Jesus said to him, \"I am able. But for a wise man, one word is sufficient for him; for a fool, even many do not persuade him.\" Now when the Lord knew that the ship had reached the land, he bowed his head toward one of the angels and was silent from speaking with Andrew. And when Andrew saw that he had bowed himself toward his disciples, he sank into deep sorrow. But the Lord said to the angels, \"Stretch out your hands and carry Andrew and his disciples, and go, set them at the gate of that city whose inhabitants eat evil flesh.\" And the angels did as they were commanded, and they carried Andrew and his disciples and brought them and set them at the gate of that city whose inhabitants eat evil flesh. Now when Andrew awoke from his sleep and opened his eyes, he saw that he was sitting at the gate of that city and his disciples were beside him sleeping. And as he was marveling at what had happened, he woke them and said to them, \"Arise, my sons, and see the grace that has happened to us, and know that the Lord was with us in the ship, while he was speaking with you and you did not recognize him.\" Then his disciples answered and said to him, \"Do not think, our father.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܠܣ̈ܡܝܐ ܝܗܼܒ ܢܘܗܪܐ. ܘܠܚܓܝܪ̈ܐ ܕܢܗܠܟܘܢ. ܘܠܚܪ̈ܫܐ ܕܢܫܡܼܥܘܢ ܘܢܡܠܠܘܢ. ܘܠܕܝ̈ܘܐ ܐܦܩ. ܓܪ̈ܒܐ ܕܟܝ. ܠܡ̈ܝܼܬܐ ܐܚܝ","severity":"info","text":"The catalogue of healings (blind, lame, deaf, demoniacs, lepers, raising the dead) echoes Gospel summaries of Jesus’ miracles, e.g., Matthew 11:5 and Luke 7:22, but is amplified with details from apocryphal Acts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܫܩܠܼ ܚܡܫܐ ܠܚ̈ܡܝܢ ܘܬܪ̈ܝܢ ܢܘ̈ܢܝܢ","severity":"info","text":"The multiplication of five loaves and two fish to feed five thousand (and later seven loaves for four thousand) is a direct expansion of the Gospel feeding narrative (John 6:9–13; Mark 8:1–10), here doubled and given surplus.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܡ̈ܠܐܟܐ","severity":"info","text":"The angels (ܡ̈ܠܐܟܐ) appear as active agents who physically carry Andrew and his disciples; this reflects a common hagiographic motif where angels serve as divine transporters, found also in the Acts of Thomas.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ܕܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܗܿ ܐܟܿܠܝܢ ܒܣܪܐ ܕܒ̈ܢܝܢܫܐ","severity":"info","text":"The city whose inhabitants “eat evil flesh” likely refers to a cannibalistic or morally corrupt population, a topos in apocryphal Acts (e.g., the “man-eaters” in the Acts of Andrew and Matthias).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a long speech by Andrew (recounting Jesus’ miracles) to a dialogue with Jesus, then to a narrated action (angelic transport), and finally to Andrew’s awakening and address to his disciples. This tripartite structure is typical of the narrative genre.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܟܕ ܚܼܙܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܐܪܟܢ ܗܘܐ ܢܦܫܗ ܠܘܬ ܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ","severity":"caution","text":"The Syriac phrase “he bowed himself toward his disciples” is ambiguous: it could mean Andrew bowed to his disciples in humility or that he leaned toward them (to speak or listen). The English draft interprets it as a gesture of sorrow, but the text does not specify the emotion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase “ܐܪܟܥ ܪܝܫܗ ܠܘܬ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܡ̈ܠܐܟܐ” (he bowed his head toward one of the angels) may indicate a private instruction or a gesture of deference; the narrative does not clarify.","The identity of the “city whose inhabitants eat evil flesh” is not named; it may be a symbolic or legendary location."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"ܕܝܕܥܼܢܢ ܕܪܕܝܢܼܢ ܒܝܡܐ. ܡܛܠ ܕܛܒܝܥܝܢ ܗܘܝܢ ܒܫܼܢܬܐ ܥܡܝܩܬܐ . ܘܚܼܙܝܢ ܕܐܬܘ ܡ̈ܠܐܟܐ ܘܫܩܠܘ ܢܦܫ̈ܬܢ ܘܐܘܒܠܘ ܐܢ̈ܝܢ ܠܦܪܕܝܣܐ. ܘܚܙܝܢ ܬܡܢ ܬܕܡܪ̈ܬܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ. ܚܙܝܢ ܓܝܪ ܠܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥܗ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܟܕ ܝܿܬܒ ܥܠ ܬܪܘܢܘܣ ܡܫܒܚܐ. ܘܟܠܗܘܢ ܡ̈ܠܐܟܐ ܚܿܙܝܢ ܠܗ. ܚܙܝܢ ܕܝܢ ܬܡܿܢ ܠܐܒܪܗܡ ܘܠܐܝܣܚܩ ܘܠܥܩܘܒ ܘܠܟܠܗܘܢ ܐܒ̈ܗܬܐ ܘܢܒ̈ܝܐ ܩ̈ܕܝܫܐ. ܐܦ ܠܟܘܢ ܠܬܪܥܣܪ̈ ܫ̈ܠܝܚܐ ܟܕ ܩܿܝܡܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܠܘܬ ܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܘܫܡܥܢܢ ܠܡܪܢ ܟܕ ܡܦܩܕ ܠܡ̈ܠܐܟܘܗܝ ܩ̈ܕܝܫܐ. ܕܗܘܼܘ ܡܫܬܡܥܝܢ ܠܫ̈ܠܝܚܐ ܒܟܠ ܡܐ ܕܐܡܿܪܝܢ ܠܟܘܢ. ܗܿܢܘ ܚܙܘܐ ܕܚܙܝܢ ܐܒܘܢ.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ. ܟܕ ܗܠܝܢ ܫܡܼܥ ܡܢ ܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ. ܚܕܝ ܚܕܘܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ. ܕܫܘܘ ܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ ܕܢܚܼܙܘܢ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ. ܘܬܠܼܐ ܥ̈ܝܢܘܗܝ ܠܫܡܝܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܚܿܣܐ ܠܝ ܡܪܝ ܘܫܒܘܩ ܠܝ ܡܕܡ ܕܥܿܒܕܬ. ܐܝܟ ܒܪܢܫܐ ܓܝܪ ܚܿܙܝܬܟ ܒܐܠܦܼܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܒܪܢܫܐ ܡܿܠܠܬ ܥܡܟ. ܡܢܐ ܚܿܛܝܬ ܡܪ̈ܝ. ܠܐ ܚܘܝܬܢܝ ܪܒܘܬܟ. ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗ ܡܪܢ. ܠܐ ܚܼܛܝܬ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ. ܐܠܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܥܿܒܕܬ ܠܟ. ܡܛܠ ܕܐܡܼܪܬ ܕܠܐ ܡܫܟܚ ܐܢܐ ܐܿܙܠ ܠܡܕܝܢܬ ܟ̈ܠܒܝܢ ܠܬܠܬܐ ܝܘܡ̈ܝܢ. ܗܐ ܚܘܝܬܟ ܗܫܐ ܕܡܿܨܼܐ ܐܢܐ ܒܚܝܠܐ ܟܠܡܕܡ ܠܡܥܒܕ. ܐܠܐ ܩܘܡ ܘܥܘܠ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܠܘܬ ܡܬܝ ܐܚܘܟ. ܘܐܦܩܝܗܝ ܡܢ ܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ. ܠܗ ܘܠܟܠܗܘܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܚܒܝܫܝܢ ܥܡܗ. ܘܗܐ ܡܿܘܕܥ ܐܢܐ ܠܟ ܩܕܡ ܕܬܥܘܠ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܗܘܢ. ܕܐܘ̈ܠܨܢܐ ܩ̈ܫܐ ܡܚܘܝܢ ܠܟ. ܘܢܬܢܬܫ ܦܓܪܟ. ܘܕܡܟ ܢܬܐܫܕ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ ܐܝܟ ܡܿ̈ܝܐ. ܡܿܘܬܐ ܓܝܪ ܠܐ ܡܫܟܚܝܢ ܠܡܬܠ ܠܟ. ܒܪܡ ܐܘ̈ܠܨܢܐ ܣ̈ܓܝܐܐ܇ ܥܬܝܕܝܢ ܕܢܥܿܒܪܘܢ ܥܠܝܟ. ܐܠܐ ܣܝܒܪ ܘܠܐ ܬܬܩܫܐ ܠܘܩܒܠ ܪܘܫܥܗܘܢ. ܐܬܕܟܪ ܐܘ̈ܠܨܢܐ ܕܣܿܝܒܪܬ ܟܕ ܡܩܦܿܚܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܝ ܝܘ̈ܕܝܐ.","english":"He knew that he was cast into the sea, because he had been immersed in the deep water. And he saw that angels came and took the souls and brought them to Paradise. And he saw there great wonders. For he saw our Lord Jesus Christ, seated on a glorious throne, and all the angels were looking at him. He also saw there Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and all the holy patriarchs and prophets. Also, he saw the twelve apostles standing in their place beside our Lord Jesus Christ. And he heard our Lord commanding his holy angels that they should obey the apostles in everything that they said to them. That is the vision that your father saw. Then the blessed Andrew, when he heard this from his disciples, rejoiced with great joy that his disciples had seen the great things of God. And he raised his eyes to heaven and said, \"Forgive me, my Lord, and pardon me for what I have done. For like a man I saw you in the boat, and like a man I spoke with you. When have I sinned, my Lord? I did not reveal your greatness to you.\" And our Lord said to him, \"You have not sinned, Andrew. But this has happened to you because you said that I could not go to the city of the Dog-men for three days. Behold, I have now shown you that I can do everything by power. But arise and go to the city to your brother Matthew, and bring him out of prison, him and all those who are imprisoned with him. And behold, I inform you before you enter their city that severe torments will be shown to you, and your body will be crushed, and your blood will be spilled on the ground like water. For death cannot be given to you. However, many torments are destined to pass over you. But endure and do not resist their wickedness. Remember the torments that you endured when the Jews were striking me.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ܕܝܕܥܼܢܢ ܕܪܕܝܢܼܢ ܒܝܡܐ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac verb ܕܝܕܥ (yədaʿ) indicates knowledge gained by experience, not mere intellectual awareness; the father knew by having been cast into the sea.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ܦܪܕܝܣܐ","severity":"info","text":"ܦܪܕܝܣܐ (pardaysā) is a Syriac loan from Greek παράδεισος, denoting the earthly Paradise or the abode of the blessed, distinct from heaven.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܚܙܝܢ ܬܡܢ ܬܕܡܪ̈ܬܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'great wonders' (ܬܕܡܪ̈ܬܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ) echoes the language of apocalyptic visions, e.g., Daniel 4:34 (Peshitta), where divine marvels are revealed.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ܡܕܝܢܬ ܟ̈ܠܒܝܢ","severity":"info","text":"The 'city of the Dog-men' (ܡܕܝܢܬ ܟ̈ܠܒܝܢ) is a legendary locale in the Acts of Andrew and Matthew, associated with cannibalistic dog-headed people.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae","label":"gap dossier: The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Cannibals (Latin recensions)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ","severity":"info","text":"The narrative shifts from the father's vision to Andrew's reaction, marked by ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ('then'), introducing a new episode of dialogue and divine command.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"ܐܬܕܟܪ ܐܘ̈ܠܨܢܐ ܕܣܿܝܒܪܬ","severity":"info","text":"Andrew's recollection of torments endured when Jews struck Christ reflects a hagiographic trope common in Syriac martyrdoms, linking apostolic suffering to Christ's passion.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-passio-andreae","label":"gap dossier: The Passion of the Apostle Andrew (Latin recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-passio-andreae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Syriac ܕܪܕܝܢܼܢ ܒܝܡܐ could be read as 'he was cast into the sea' (passive) or 'he sank in the sea' (middle); the context favors passive.","The phrase ܠܐ ܚܘܝܬܢܝ ܪܒܘܬܟ is ambiguous: 'I did not reveal your greatness' or 'I did not show your greatness to you'; the translation takes the former."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"ܘܪܝܩܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܝ ܒܐ̈ܦܝ. ܠܡܐ ܠܐ ܡܿܨܼܐ ܗܘܝܬ ܕܒܪܦܦ ܥܝܢܐ ܐܙܝܥ ܫܡܝܐ ܘܐܪܥܐ: ܘܐܿܝܬܐ ܐܘܠܨܢܐ ܥܠ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܩܦܚܘܢܢܝ܆ ܐܠܐ ܣܝܿܒܪܬ ܘܫܿܒܩܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܕܐܿܚܘܐ ܠܟܘܢ ܛܘܦܣܐ .܀.܀. ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܕܝܢ ܡܚܕܐ ܩܡ ܘܥܠ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܿܝ ܥܡ ܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ. ܘܐܙܠܼ ܠܒܝܬ ܚܒܘܫܝܐ. ܘܚܼܙܐ ܢܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܫܒܥܐ ܕܩܝܡܝܢ ܥܠ ܬܪ̈ܥܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ ܘܢܛܪܝܢ ܠܗ. ܘܨܿܠܝ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܢܦܼܠܘ ܗܠܝܢ ܢܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܘܡܼܝܬܘ. ܘܟܕ ܩܼܪܒ ܠܘܬ ܬܪܥܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ. ܪܫܼܡ ܥܠ ܬܪܥܐ ܪܘܫܡܐ ܕܨܠܝܒܐ. ܘܡܚܕܐ ܐܬܦܬܼܚ ܬܪܥܐ. ܘܟܕ ܥܼܠ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܠܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ ܥܡ ܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ. ܚܼܙܝܗܝ ܡܬܝ ܠܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܒܪܫܥܬܗ ܩܡ. ܘܫܐܠܘ ܒܫܿܠܡܐ ܕܚ̈ܕܕܐ. ܘܐܡܼܪ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܠܡܬܝ. ܐܚܝ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܥܠܼܬ ܠܗܪܟܐ. ܗܐ ܓܝܪ ܒܬܪ ܬܠܬܐ ܝܘ̈ܡܝܢ ܥܬܝܕܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܕܢܦܩܘܢܟ ܒ̈ܢܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܘܢܕܒܚܘܢܟ ܐܝܟ ܕܠܡܐܟܘܠܬܗܘܢ. ܐܝܟܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܪ̈ܐܙܐ ܩ̈ܕܝܫܐ ܕܐܝܠܦܼܬ. ܕܐܢ ܐܡܼܪܬ ܐܢܘܢ ܫܝܡܐ ܘܐܪܥܐ ܙܝܥܝܢ ܗܘܘ. ܘܥܼܢܐ ܡܬܝ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܐܚܝ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܫܡܿܥܬ ܠܡܪܢ ܕܐܡܿܪ. ܕܗܐ ܐܢܐ ܡܫܕܪ ܐܢܐ ܟܠܘܢ. ܐܝܟ ܐܡܼܪ̈ܐ ܒ̈ܝܢܝ ܕܐ̈ܒܐ. ܡܚܕܐ ܓܝܪ ܕܥܿܠܬ ܠܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ ܗܢܐܼ. ܨܿܠܝܬ ܩܕܡ ܡܪܢ. ܘܐܬܚܙܝ ܠܝ ܟܕ ܐܡܿܪ. ܣܝܒܪ ܥܣܪ̈ܝܢ ܘܫܒܥܐ ܝܘܡܝܢ. ܘܒܬܪܟܢ ܡܫܕܪ ܐܢܐ ܠܘܬܟ ܠܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܡܿܦܩ ܠܟ ܡܢ ܒܝܬ ܚܒܘܫܝܐ ܗܢܐ ܐܦ ܠܟܠܗܘܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܥܡܟ. ܘܐܝܟ ܡܐ ܕܐܫܼܬܘܕܝ ܠܝ ܡܪܢ. ܗܐ ܚܿܙܝܬܟ ܝܘܡܢܐ. ܘܗܫܐ ܡܢܐ ܢܥܼܒܕ.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܚܪ ܒܡܨܥܬ ܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ. ܘܚܼܙܐ ܠܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܗܿܢܘܢ ܕܚܒܝܫܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܬܡܿܢ ܟܕ ܫܠܝܚܝܢ ܘܐܟܿܠܝܢ ܥܣܒܐ ܐܝܟ ܒܥܝܪܐ. ܘܛܼܪܦ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܥܠ ܚܕܝܗ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ.","english":"They were spitting in my face. Why was I not able, by the edge of the eyelid, to move the heavens and the earth, and to bring affliction upon those who persecuted me? But I endured and left it to you to show you an example. . . . Andrew, however, immediately arose and went to that city with his disciples. And he went to the prison. And he saw seven guards who were standing at the doors of the prison and watching him. And Andrew prayed, and those guards fell and died. And when he approached the door of the prison, he signed the door with the sign of the cross. And immediately the door opened. And when Andrew entered the prison with his disciples, Matthew saw Andrew and at that very moment arose. And they greeted one another. And Andrew said to Matthew, \"My brother, how did you come here? For behold, after three days they were about to bring you out, the beasts of this city, and to devour you as their food. Where are the holy mysteries which you learned? For if you had spoken, the heavens and the earth would have been moved.\" And Matthew answered and said, \"My brother Andrew, I heard our Lord say, 'Behold, I am sending you all.' As the sayings of the fathers among us. For as soon as I entered this prison, I prayed before our Lord. And he appeared to me, saying, 'Endure twenty-seven days. And after you, I am sending Andrew to you, and he will bring you out of this prison, you and all those who are with you.' And as our Lord promised me, behold, I have seen you today. And now what shall we do?\" Then Andrew looked around the middle of the prison. And he saw those men who were imprisoned there, lying about, and eating grass like cattle. And Andrew groaned over them and said, \"Lord Jesus Christ.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܒܪܦܦ ܥܝܢܐ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'by the edge of the eyelid' is a Syriac idiom for an extremely small or instantaneous action, emphasizing Andrew's hyperbolic claim of power.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܪܘܫܡܐ ܕܨܠܝܒܐ","severity":"info","text":"The sign of the cross opening prison doors echoes the apocryphal Acts of Andrew and Matthias, where the cross serves as a thaumaturgic key.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae","label":"gap dossier: The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Cannibals (Latin recensions)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ܒܝܬ ܚܒܘܫܝܐ","severity":"info","text":"The prison setting and the guards' death by prayer reflect hagiographic topoi of apostolic power over civil authority, common in Syriac martyrological narratives.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ܐܟܠܝܢ ܥܣܒܐ ܐܝܟ ܒܥܝܪܐ","severity":"info","text":"Prisoners eating grass like cattle parallels the depiction of Matthew's own suffering in the Latin Acts of Andrew and Matthias, where he is similarly degraded.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae","label":"gap dossier: The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Cannibals (Latin recensions)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܗܫܐ ܡܢܐ ܢܥܼܒܕ","severity":"info","text":"Matthew's question 'what shall we do?' marks a narrative pivot from divine promise to human action, typical of dialogic interludes in apostolic acts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ܐܝܟ ܐܡܼܪ̈ܐ ܒ̈ܝܢܝ ܕܐ̈ܒܐ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'as the sayings of the fathers among us' is ambiguous: it may refer to oral tradition or a lost written source; the Syriac syntax is elliptical.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'as the sayings of the fathers among us' could be a gloss or a citation formula; its referent is unclear.","The transition from Andrew's monologue to the narrative action is abrupt, possibly indicating a lacuna in the manuscript."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"ܚܘܪ ܘܚܙܝ ܡܢܐ ܝܗܒܘ ܠܒ̈ܢܝܢܫܐ ܕܥܒܝܕܝܢ ܒܨܠܡܟ ܘܒܕܡܼܘܬܐ ܠܡܐܟܠ.܀.܀. ܘܫܿܪܝ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܕܢܟܿܣ ܠܣܛܢܐ ܘܢܐܡܪ. ܐܘ ܠܟ ܣܛܝܢܐ ܒܥܠܕܒܒܗ ܕܐܠܗܢ ܘܕܡܠܐ̈ܟܘܗܝ: ܥܕܡܐ ܠܐܡܬܝ ܡܬܟܬܫ ܐܢܬ ܥܡ ܓܢܣܐ ܕܒ̈ܢܝܢܫܐܿ. ܘܣܡܘ ܗܘܘ ܒܘܪܟܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܡܬܝ ܘܨܠܝܘ܆ ܘܡܢ ܒܬܪܟܢ ܣܡ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܐܝܼ̈ܕܘܗܝ ܥܠ ܥ̈ܝܢܝܗܘܢ ܕܐܢܫܐ ܗܿܢܘܢ ܕܐܬܥܘܪܘ ܗܘܘ. ܘܡܚܕܐ ܚܼܙܘ ܢܘܗܪܐ ܟܠܗܢ. ܘܬܘܒ ܣܡ ܗܘܐ ܐܝܕܗ ܥܠ ܠܒܗܢ ܘܐܫܬܚܠܦ ܪܥܝܢܗܘܢ ܘܗܘܼܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܒ̈ܢܝܢܫܐ. ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗܘܢ ܫܿܢܘ ܠܟܘܢ ܗܫܐ ܠܐܬܪܐ ܬܚܬܝܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ. ܗܐ ܡܫܟܚܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܒܐܘܪܚܐ ܬܬܐ ܚܕܐ ܪܒܬܐ. ܬܒܘ ܬܚܘܬܝܗܿ ܘܐܟܘܠܘ ܡܢ ܦܐܪ̈ܝܗܿ. ܥܕܡܐ ܕܐܬܿܐ ܐܢܐ ܠܘܬܟܘܢ. ܐܢ ܕܝܢ ܐܫܿܬܘܚܪܬ ܡܫܟܚܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܠܟܘܢ ܒܗܿ ܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ ܟܡܐ ܕܣܿܦܩ ܠܟܘܢ.܀. ܘܥܢܘ ܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܗܿܢܘܢ ܘܐܡܼܪܘ ܠܛܘܒܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ. ܬܿܐ ܥܡܢ ܡܪܝ ܕܠܡܐ ܬܘܒ ܢܚܙܘܢܢ ܐܢܫܐ ܚ̈ܢܦܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ. ܘܢܐܚܕܘܢܢ ܘܢܚܘܝܘܢܢ ܕܝ̈ܢܼܐ ܕܒ̈ܝܼܫܝܢ ܡܢ ܩ̈ܕܡܝܐ. ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗܘܢ ܕܙܠܘ ܒܫܿܠܡܐ. ܫܪܝܪܐܝܬ ܐܡܿܪ ܐܢܐ ܠܟܘܢ. ܕܡܐ ܕܐܙܠܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܐܦ ܠܐ ܟܠܒܐ ܢܒܿܚ ܒܟܘܢ. ܘܐܙܠܘ ܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܗܿܢܘܢ ܐܝܟ ܕܐܡܼܪ ܠܗܘܢ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ. ܗܿܘܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܕܝܢ ܒܡܢܝܢܐ ܐܪ̈ܒܥܝܢ ܘܬܫܥܐ. ܠܡܬܝ ܕܝܢ ܐܡܼܪ ܠܗ ܕܢܐܙܠ ܥܡ ܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ. ܠܡܕܢܚܝܗܿ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ. ܘܨܿܠܝ ܗܘܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܢܚܬܬ ܥܢܢܐ ܘܫܩܠܬ ܠܡܬܝ ܘܠܬܠܡ̈ܝܕܐ ܕܝܠܗ ܘܣܡܬ ܐܢܘܢ ܒܛܘܪܐ. ܐܝܟܐ ܕܝܿܬܒ ܗܘܐ ܦܐܛܪܘܣ ܫܠܝܚܐ ܘܡܿܠܦ ܗܘܐ. ܘܩܘܝܘ ܠܘܬܗ.܀. ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܕܝܢ ܟܕ ܢܦܩܼ ܡܢ ܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ ܡܗܿܠܟ ܗܘܐ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ. ܘܚܼܙܐ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܚܕ. ܘܠܥܠ ܡܢܗ ܩܐܿܡ ܨܠܡܐ ܕܢܚܫܐ. ܘܝܬܼܒ ܥܠ ܓܕܢܒܗ ܕܥܡܘܕܐ ܗܿܘ ܕܢܚܼܙܐ ܡܢܐ ܓܿܕܫ.","english":"Look and see what they gave to the evil ones who were made in your image and likeness to eat. ... And the blessed one began to rebuke Satan and said, \"Woe to you, Satan, the enemy of God and of his angels! Until when will you be contending with the race of evil ones?\" And they placed the knees of Andrew and Matthew and prayed. And after a little while, Andrew placed his hands on the eyes of those men who had been blinded. And immediately they saw all the light. And again he placed his hand on their heart, and their mind was changed, and they became like evil ones. And he said to them, \"Go now to the lower region of the city. Behold, you will find on the road a great tree. Sit beneath it and eat of its fruits until I come to you. But if I am delayed, you may sustain yourselves with that food as much as suffices you.\" And those men went and said to the blessed Andrew, \"Come with us, my lord, lest again the wicked men of this city see you and seize you and show you to the judges of the evil ones as before.\" And he said to them, \"Go in peace. Truly I say to you, when you go, not even a dog will bark at you.\" And those men went as the blessed Andrew told them. They were in the place for forty-nine days. But to Matthew he said that he should go with his disciples to the east of the city. And Andrew prayed, and a cloud descended and took Matthew and his disciples and placed them on a mountain, where the apostle Peter was sitting and teaching. And they remained with him. Andrew, however, when he came out of the prison, was walking in the city. And he saw a column. And on top of it stood an image of a serpent. And he sat on the base of that column to see what would happen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܫܿܪܝ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܕܢܟܿܣ ܠܣܛܢܐ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the blessed one began to rebuke Satan' marks a shift from narrative to direct speech, a common hagiographic device to emphasize the saint's authority.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ܛܘܒܢܐ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac term ṭūḇānā (blessed one) is a standard epithet for apostles and saints in Syriac hagiography, conveying sanctity and divine favor.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܐܘ ܠܟ ܣܛܝܢܐ ܒܥܠܕܒܒܗ ܕܐܠܗܢ","severity":"info","text":"Andrew's rebuke of Satan as 'enemy of God and of his angels' echoes New Testament language (e.g., Matthew 13:39, 2 Thessalonians 2:4) but is not a direct quotation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܣܡܘ ܗܘܘ ܒܘܪܟܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܡܬܝ ܘܨܠܝܘ","severity":"info","text":"The joint prayer of Andrew and Matthew on their knees parallels a similar scene in the Acts of Andrew and Matthias (Greek catena), where apostles pray together before a miracle.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-catena-acta","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Acts of the Apostles (the Catena of Andrew)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-acta"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܡܚܕܐ ܚܼܙܘ ܢܘܗܪܐ ܟܠܗܢ","severity":"info","text":"The healing of the blind men and the subsequent change of heart form a two-part miracle, typical of conversion narratives in Syriac apostolic acts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܩܘܝܘ ܠܘܬܗ","severity":"info","text":"The reunion of Matthew and his disciples with Peter on a mountain echoes later Syriac traditions linking the apostles, as seen in the Latin Passio Andreae.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-passio-andreae","label":"gap dossier: The Passion of the Apostle Andrew (Latin recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-passio-andreae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Syriac text has several uncertain readings due to scribal errors or damage, e.g., 'ܘܫܿܪܝ' may be a variant of 'ܘܫܪܝ' (and began). The phrase 'ܕܢܟܿܣ ܠܣܛܢܐ' could be read as 'rebuked Satan' or 'rebuked the adversary,' but the context supports Satan."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":11,"ref":"p11","source":"ܘܗܘܼܐ ܕܟܕ ܐܙܠܘ ܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ ܠܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ ܕܢܿܦܼܩܘܢ ܒ̈ܢܝܢܫܐ ܠܡܐܟܘܠܬܗܘܢ: ܐܝܟ ܥܝܿܕܐ ܕܟܠܝܘܡ܆ ܐܫܟܚܘ ܬܪ̈ܥܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ ܟܕ ܦܬܝܚܝܢ. ܘܠܢܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܟܕ ܡܝܝܬܝܢ ܘܫܕܝܢ ܥܠ ܬܪܥܐ. ܘܗܼܦܟܘ ܠܘܬ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܢܐ ܘܐܡܼܪܘ ܠܗܘܢ. ܐܙܠܢ ܠܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ. ܘܐܫܟܚܢܝܗܝ ܟܕ ܦܬܝܚ ܘܠܢܛܪܘ̈ܐ ܟܕ ܡܝܝܬܝܢ ܘܫܼܕܝܢ ܥܠ ܬܪܥܐ. ܘܟܕ ܥܠܢܢ ܠܓܘ. ܠܐܢܫ ܠܐ ܐܫܟܚܢܢ ܬܡܢ.܀. ܘܟܕ ܫܡܼܥܘ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܢܐ. ܐܡܼܪܘ ܒܝܢܬܗܘܢ ܡܢܐ ܐܝܬܝܗܿ ܥܒܝܕܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܕܗܘܼܬ. ܠܡܐ ܐܢ̈ܫܝܢ ܥܠܘ ܠܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ ܘܠܢܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܩܛܠܼܘ. ܘܫܼܩܘܠ ܠܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܚܒܝܫܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܬܡܿܢ ܘܐܙܠܘ.܀. ܘܟܕ ܫܡܼܥܘ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܢܐ. ܐܡܪܼܘ ܒܝܢܬܗܘܢ ܡܢܐ ܐܝܬܝܗܿ ܥܒܝܕܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܕܗܘܼܬ. ܠܡܐ ܐܢ̈ܫܝܢ ܥܠܘ ܠܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ ܘܠܢܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܩܛܠܼܘ. ܘܫܼܩܠܘ ܠܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܚܒܝܫܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܬܡܿܢ ܘܐܙܠܘ.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܐܡܼܪܘ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܢܐ ܠܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ. ܙܠܘ ܠܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ ܘܐܝܬܘ ܠܗܠܝܢ ܫܒܥܐ ܢܛܘܪ̈ܐ. ܕܢܐܟܘܠ ܐܢܘܢ ܝܘܡܢܐ. ܘܡܚܕܐ ܟܢܿܫܘ ܠܢ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܣ̈ܒܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ. ܘܢܪܡܿܢ ܦܨ̈ܐ ܒܝܢܬܗܘܢ. ܘܠܗܿܢܘܢ ܕܡܛܝܐ ܦܨܬܐ ܢܗܘܼܐ ܕܒܚܿܝܢܢ ܟܠܝܘܡ ܫܒܥܐ ܫܒܥܐ ܠܡܐܟܘܠܬܐܢ ܥܕܡܐ ܕܓܒܿܝܢܢ ܥ̈ܠܝܡܐ ܘܪܡܿܝܢܢ ܒܐܠܦܼܐ. ܘܐܙܠܝܢ ܠܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܕܚܕܪ̈ܝܢ. ܘܪܡܝܢ ܒܐ̈ܠܦܝܗܘܢ ܒܢ̈ܝܢܫܐ ܘܡܝܬܝܢ ܠܟܐ ܕܢܗܼܘܘܢ ܠܢ ܠܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ.܀. ܘܟܕ ܐܙܠܘ ܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ ܠܒܝܬ ܚܒܘܫܝܐ. ܐܝܬܝܘ ܠܗܠܝܢ ܫܒܥܐ ܢܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܟܕ ܡܝܝܬܝܢ. ܘܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܬܡܿܢ ܬܢܘܪܐ ܕܒܿܢܼܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܡܨܥܬܗܿ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ. ܘܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܓܢܒ ܢܘܪܐ ܡܥܨܪܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܕܟܐܦܐ. ܕܒܗܿ ܒܗܕܐ ܡܿܕܒܚܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܒ̈ܢܝܢܫܐ. ܘܿܪܕܐ ܗܘܐ ܕܡܗܘܢ ܘܡܬܟܢܫ ܗܘܐ ܒܡܥܨܪܬܐ ܗܝ ܘܕܠܿܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܗ ܠܕܡܐ ܘܫܿܬܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܗ.","english":"And it happened that when the soldiers went to the prison, they found the doors of the prison open, and the guards dead and thrown upon the door. And they turned to the magistrates and said to them, \"We went to the prison and found it open, and the guards dead and thrown upon the door. And when we entered inside, we found no one there.\" And when the magistrates heard, they said among themselves, \"What is this deed that has happened? Perhaps some men entered the prison, killed the guards, took those who were imprisoned there, and left.\" And when the magistrates heard, they said among themselves, \"What is this deed that has happened? Perhaps some men entered the prison, killed the guards, took those who were imprisoned there, and left.\" Then the magistrates said to the soldiers, \"Go to the prison and bring those seven guards, so that the prisoners may eat their daily meal.\" And immediately they summoned all the elders of the city, and they cast lots among themselves. And for those whom the lot fell, it happened that they would bring seven each day for food until young men were chosen and cast into a ship, and they went to the surrounding regions, and they cast into their ships the evil ones and brought them here so that they might be for food. And when the soldiers went to the prison, they brought those seven guards dead. And there was there a market that was in the middle of the city, and there was upon the side of the market a great rock-hewn cave, in which the evil ones used to sacrifice, and there was a stream of water that flowed and was agitated in that cave, and they would draw from it blood and drink it.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The magistrates' repeated deliberation (lines 5–8) is a scribal duplication, likely from a copyist's error, as the same sentence appears twice verbatim.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ","severity":"info","text":"The term ܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ (qesṭōrē) is a Greek loanword (καστόριος) meaning 'soldiers' or 'guards,' here referring to the prison guards.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The rock-hewn cave (ܡܥܨܪܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܕܟܐܦܐ) and the blood-drinking ritual evoke late antique tropes of cannibalistic or demonic cults, common in hagiographic polemic.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a narrative of prison escape to a description of a sacrificial cave, linking the apostles' miracle to the city's pagan practices.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Syriac text has a lacuna or corruption: the phrase 'ܘܗܼܦܟܘ ܠܘܬ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܢܐ' (they turned to the magistrates) is followed by an abrupt repetition, suggesting a missing clause.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the evil ones' (ܒ̈ܢܝܢܫܐ) is ambiguous: they may be demons, pagan worshippers, or the prisoners themselves; the text later describes them as sacrificing and drinking blood.","The phrase 'ܘܠܗܿܢܘܢ ܕܡܛܝܐ ܦܨܬܐ' (and for those whom the lot fell) is syntactically unclear; the translation assumes a distributive sense."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":12,"ref":"p12","source":"ܘܗܼܘܐ ܕܟܕ ܐܝܬܝܘ ܠܗܠܝܢ ܫܒܥܐ ܕܡܝܝܬܝܢ ܐܬܩܢܘ ܐܢܘܢ ܥܠ ܡܥܨܪܬܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܢܿܪܡܘܢ ܐܝܼ̈ܕܝܗܘܢ ܘܢܿܣܩܘܢ ܐܢܘܢ.܀. ܘܫܼܡܥ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܩܠܐ ܕܐܡܿܪ ܠܗ. ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܚܘܪ ܘܚܙܝ ܡܢܐ ܡܬܥܒܕ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ. ܘܗܼܘܐ ܕܟܕ ܚܼ؛ܐ ܨܿܠܝ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܕܐܝܬܝܬܢܝ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ. ܠܐ ܬܫܒܘܩ ܕܢܗܼܘܐ ܒܗܿ ܡܕܡ ܕܣܢܼܐ. ܐܠܐ ܢ̈ܦܠܢ ܣ̈ܟܝܢܝܬܐ ܡܢ ܐܝܼ̈ܕܝܗܘܢ ܕܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ ܗܠܝܢ. ܘܡܚܕܐ ܐܬܪ̈ܫܠܝ ܐܝܼ̈ܕܝܗܘܢ ܘܠܐ ܐܫܟܚܘ ܗܘܘ ܠܐ ܕܢܿܣܩܘܢ ܐܦܠܐ ܕܢܚܬܘܢ ܐܢ̈ܝܢ. ܘܟܕ ܚܙܘ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܢܐ ܡܕܡ ܕܓܕܫ. ܒܟܘ ܒܟܬܐ ܡܪܝܪܬܐ ܟܕ ܐܡܿܪܝܢ. ܘܝ ܠܢ ܕܚܿܪ̈ܫܐ ܐܝܬ ܗܪܟܐ. ܘܗܼܢܘܢ ܥܠܘ ܠܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ. ܘܠܢܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܩܼܛܠܘ ܘܠܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܬܡܿܢ ܚܒܝܫܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܐܦܩܘ. ܘܗܐ ܐܦ ܠܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ ܥܒܼܕܘ ܚܼܪ̈ܫܐ. ܡܢܐ ܡܟܝܠ ܥܿܒܕܝܢܢ.܀.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܐܡܼܪܘ ܠܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ. ܙܠܘ ܟܢܫܘ ܠܢ ܠܣ̈ܒܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܟܦܢܝܢܢ. ܘܐܙܠܘ ܘܟܢܫܘ ܐܢܘܢ. ܘܫܟܚܘ ܒܢܝܢܐ ܡܐܬܝܢ ܘܫܬܥܣܪ̈: ܘܐܝܬܝܘ ܐܢܘܢ ܠܘܬ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܢܝܗܘܢ. ܘܦܩܼܕܘ ܠܗܘܢ ܕܢܿܪܡܘܢ ܦܨ̈ܐ. ܘܣܠܩܼܬ ܦܨܬܐ ܕܫܒܥܐ ܣ̈ܒܝܢ.܀. ܘܥܢܼܐ ܚܕ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܕܣܒ̈ܐ ܕܡܛܬܗ ܦܨܬܐܼ. ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ. ܒܥܿܐ ܐܢܐ ܡܢܟܘܢ. ܐܝܬ ܠܝ ܒܪܐ ܚܕ ܙܥܘܪܐ. ܠܗ ܣܒܘ ܕܒܚܘ ܚܠܦܝ. ܘܠܝ ܫܒܘܩܘ. ܘܐܡܼܪܘ ܠܗ. ܠܐ ܡܿܨܝܢܢ ܕܗܕܐ ܢܥܼܒܕ. ܐܠܐ ܦܩܼܕܘ ܠܢ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܢܐ. ܘܐܙܠܘ ܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ ܘܐܡܼܪܘ ܠܗܘܢ. ܐܢ ܝܿܗܒ ܚܠܦܘܗܝ ܫܒܘܩܘܗܝ. ܘܐܕܥܘ ܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܠܣܒܐ ܗܿܘ.܀. ܘܥܢܼܐ ܣܒܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗܘܢ ܐܝܬ ܠܝ ܐܦ ܒܪܬܐ. ܐܦ ܠܗܿ ܣܒ ܥܡ ܐܚܘܗܿ ܠܕܒܚܬܐ ܘܠܝ ܫܒܘܩܘ. ܘܐܫܼܠܡ ܐܢܘܢ ܠܕܒܚܬܐ ܘܕܒܪܘ ܐܢܘܢ ܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ ܠ̈ܛܠܝܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܕܢܕܒܚܼܘܢ ܐܢܘܢ. ܘܒܿܟܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܘܐܡܿܪܝܢ.","english":"And it happened that when they brought those seven dead men, they set up their hands upon the crossbeam as if they had cast their hands and raised them up. And the blessed Andrew heard a voice that said to him, \"Andrew, look and see what is being done in this city.\" And it happened that when he saw, he prayed and said, \"My Lord Jesus Christ, who brought me to this city, do not allow anything evil to happen in it, but let the swords fall from the hands of these executioners.\" And immediately their hands withered, and they were unable either to raise them or to lower them. And when the magistrates saw what had happened, they wept bitterly, saying, \"Woe to us, for there are sorcerers here. They entered the prison, killed the guards, and released those who were imprisoned there. And now they have also made sorcerers of the executioners. What then shall we do?\" Then they said to the executioners, \"Go, beat the elders of the city because they are hungry.\" And they went and beat them. And they found one hundred and sixteen men, and they brought them before their magistrates. And they commanded them to cast lots, and the lot fell upon seven elders. And one of the elders upon whom the lot fell arose and said to the executioners, \"I ask of you: I have a young son. Take him and sacrifice him in my place, and let me go.\" And they said to him, \"We cannot do this, for the magistrates have commanded.\" And the executioners went and said to them, \"If he gives a substitute, let him go.\" And these executioners informed that elder. And the elder arose and said to them, \"I also have a daughter. Take her as well with her brother for the sacrifice, and let me go.\" And he handed them over for the sacrifice, and the executioners took those children to sacrifice them. And they were weeping and crying out.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac term qesṭōrē (pl. qesṭōrē) is a loan from Greek κέστωρ, meaning 'executioner' or 'torturer'. It appears repeatedly in this passage, underscoring the role of state violence.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of withered hands as divine punishment for attempted violence is common in hagiography. Here it echoes the apostle's prayer, reinforcing the theme of apostolic intercession.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage moves from a miracle (withered hands) to a lament by the magistrates, then to a command to beat elders, and finally to a lot-casting scene. This sequence heightens the narrative tension.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The lot-casting to select victims for sacrifice parallels the story of Jonah (Jonah 1:7) and later martyrdom accounts, where lots determine who is to be executed.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This episode is preserved in Syriac manuscripts (e.g., hollis:alma990003319400203941) and reflects the later reception of apostolic acts in Syriac Christianity, often with heightened miraculous elements.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990003319400203941","label":"Maria: Bruchstücke und Umarbeitungen","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990003319400203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ܘܗܼܘܐ ܕܟܕ ܐܝܬܝܘ ܠܗܠܝܢ ܫܒܥܐ ܕܡܝܝܬܝܢ' could be read as 'when they brought those seven dead men' or 'when those seven dead men came'; the translation takes the former as more natural in context.","The identity of the 'elders of the city' (ܣ̈ܒܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ) is ambiguous: they may be civic leaders or simply aged men; the translation assumes the former."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":13,"ref":"p13","source":"ܠܐ ܬܩܛܠܘܢ ܠܢ ܒܗܕܐ ܛܠܝܘܬܐ. ܐܠܐ ܐܪܦܘ ܠܢ ܕܢܐܬܐ ܠܩܘܡܬܐ ܡܫܡܠܝܬܐ. ܘܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܕܒܚܿܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ. ܐܦ ܗܢܐ ܬܘܒ ܥܿܝܕܐ ܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܿܝ ܕܠܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܡܝܬܝܢ ܠܐ ܩܒܪܝܢ ܗܘܘ. ܐܠܐ ܡܐܟܠ ܐܟܿܠܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܗܘܢ.܀.܀. ܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ ܕܝܢ ܠܐ ܐܬܛܦܝܣܘ ܗܘܘ ܠܛ̈ܠܝܐ ܗܠܝܢ. ܐܠܐ ܕܒܼܪܘ ܐܢܘܢ ܘܐܙܠܘ ܠܡܥܨܪܬܐ ܗܿܝ ܕܒܗܿ ܕܒܚܿܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܒ̈ܢܝܢܫܐ ܕܢܕܒܚܘܢ ܐܢܘܢ.܀.܀. ܘܟܕ ܚܼܙܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܒܼܟܐ ܒܟܬܐ ܡܪܝܪܬܐ. ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܐܝܟ ܕܫܡܼܥܬ ܠܚܛܝܘܬܝ ܡܛܠ ܡ̈ܝܼܬܐ ܗܠܝܢ. ܘܠܐ ܫܒܩܬ ܐܢܘܢ ܐܠܗܘܬܟ ܕܢܬܐܟܠܘܢ. ܗܟܢܐ ܐܦ ܗܫܐ ܠܐ ܬܫܒܘܩ ܐܢܘܢ ܕܢܬܩܪܒܘܢ ܠܡܿܘܬܐ ܕܛ̈ܠܝܐ ܗܠܝܢ. ܐܠܐ ܢܬܪ̈ܫܠܢ ܐܝܼ̈ܕܝܗܘܢ ܘܢ̈ܦܠܢ ܣ̈ܟܝܢܝܬܐ ܘܢܬܦܫܪ̈ܢ ܐܝܟ ܫܥܘܬܐ ܩܕܡ ܢܘܪܐ. ܘܒܪܫܥܬܗ ܕܨܿܠܝ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܐܫܬܪ̈ܝܢ ܣ̈ܟܝܢܝܬܐ ܘܢ̈ܦܠܼܢ ܡܢ ܐܝܼ̈ܕܝ ܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ. ܘܟܕ ܚܼܙܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܡܕܡ ܕܓܕܫ. ܫܿܒܚ ܠܐܠܗܐ ܕܥܢܝܗܝ ܒܟܠܡܕܡ.܀. ܘܟܕ ܚܙܘ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܢܐ ܡܕܡ ܕܗܘܼܐ. ܒܟܘ ܒܟܬܐ ܡܪܝܪܬܐ ܘܐܡܼܪܘ. ܘܝ ܠܢ ܡܢܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܢ ܗܫܐ ܠܡܥܒܕ. ܘܐܬܕܡܝ ܣܛܢܐ ܒܕܡܼܘܬ ܓܒܪܐ ܣܒܐ. ܘܩܡ ܒܡܨܥܬܗܘܢ܆ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܘܝ ܠܟܘܢ ܡܢܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܟܘܢ ܕܬܥܒܕܘܢ. ܕܠܝܬ ܠܟܘܢ ܡܙܘܢܐ. ܘܗܫܐ ܩܘܡܘ ܘܠܒܘܟܘ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܠܐܟܣܢܝܐ ܚܕ ܕܫܡܗ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܩܘܛܠܘܗܝ. ܗܼܘ ܓܝܪ ܐܦܩ ܠܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܕܚܒܝܫܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܒܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ.܀. ܩܕܝܫܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܚܪ ܒܗ ܒܣܛܢܐ ܕܐܝܟܢܐ ܡܡܠܠ ܡܢ ܒܝܢܬ ܐܟܠܘܣ. ܣܛܢܐ ܕܝܢ ܠܐ ܚܿܙܐ ܗܘܐ ܠܗ ܠܛܘܒܢܐ.܀. ܘܥܢܼܐ ܫܠܝܚܗ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܣܛܢܐ. ܐܘ ܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ ܕܟܠܗܿ ܐܢܫܘܬܐ ܕܐܡܝܢܐܝܬ ܡܬܟܬܫ ܥܡܗܿ. ܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܢܫܦܠܟ ܘܢܪܡܝܟ ܒܗܘܬܐ ܥܡܝܩܬܐ ܕܐܒܕܢܐ.܀.","english":"do not kill them in this youth. But let them go so that they may come to a perfect resurrection. And then, while they were alive, this same thing also happened in the city: those who died were not buried, but dogs ate them. The soldiers, however, were not captured by these youths, but they took them and went to the place where the wild beasts by which they had sacrificed them were kept. And when the holy Andrew saw, he wept a bitter lament and said, \"My Lord Jesus Christ, just as you heard my sin concerning these dead men and did not allow your divinity to let them be eaten, so also now do not allow these youths to be brought to death, but stretch out their hands, and let the swords fall, and let them be loosened like a garment before the fire.\" And at the very hour when the blessed Andrew prayed, the swords were loosened and fell from the hands of the soldiers. And when the holy Andrew saw what had happened, he praised God who helps him in everything. And when the nobles saw what had happened, they wept a bitter lament and said, \"Woe to us! What is there for us to do now?\" And Satan appeared in the form of an old man and stood in their midst and said, \"Woe to you! What is there for you to do? You have no refuge. Now rise up and clothe yourselves in this city against a certain stranger named Andrew and kill him. For it is he who released those men who were imprisoned.\" The holy Andrew, however, looked at Satan, from where he was speaking with the house of the governor. But Satan did not see the blessed one. And the apostle of Christ cried out and said to Satan, \"O enemy of all humanity, who continually fights against it, my Lord Jesus Christ has humbled you and cast you into the deep pit of destruction.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ܠܐ ܬܩܛܠܘܢ ܠܢ ܒܗܕܐ ܛܠܝܘܬܐ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac reads 'do not kill them in this youth,' where the English draft has 'do not kill them in this youth.' The phrase likely refers to the youths' young age, not a specific period.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'qesṭōrē' (soldiers) is a Greek loanword (κέστωρες) used in Syriac for military personnel, here distinct from the 'nobles' (rūrābē) mentioned later.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ","severity":"info","text":"Andrew's prayer echoes Psalm 79:11-12 (LXX) in its plea for divine intervention to prevent death, though no direct quotation is present.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ܣܛܢܐ","severity":"info","text":"Satan appears 'in the form of an old man' (ܒܕܡܼܘܬ ܓܒܪܐ ܣܒܐ), a common motif in hagiography (cf. Apophthegmata Patrum) to test or deceive saints.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܢܦܠܢ ܣ̈ܟܝܢܝܬܐ","severity":"info","text":"The motif of swords falling from soldiers' hands at a saint's prayer appears in the Acts of Thomas (ch. 6) and the Martyrdom of Matthew, suggesting a shared hagiographic topos.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae","label":"gap dossier: The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Cannibals (Latin recensions)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae"},{"key":"dossier:latin-martyrium-matthaei","label":"gap dossier: The Martyrdom of the Apostle Matthew (Latin recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-martyrium-matthaei"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܟܕ ܚܼܙܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ","severity":"info","text":"The passage uses a repetitive narrative pattern: Andrew sees, prays, and the miracle occurs; then the nobles see, lament, and Satan intervenes, creating a contrast between divine and diabolical agency.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Syriac phrase 'ܠܐ ܬܩܛܠܘܢ ܠܢ ܒܗܕܐ ܛܠܝܘܬܐ' could be read as 'do not kill them in this youth' or 'do not kill them in this error,' depending on the interpretation of 'ṭalyūṯā' (youth vs. error). The context favors 'youth' as referring to the young age of the victims.","The identity of the 'nobles' (rūrābē) is ambiguous: they may be city officials or the same as the 'soldiers' (qesṭōrē) earlier, but the text distinguishes them."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":14,"ref":"p14","source":"ܘܟܕ ܫܡܼܥ ܣܛܢܐ ܐܡܼܪ. ܐܘܗ ܐܘ ܗ ܡܢܟ ܩܠܟ ܫܡܿܥ ܐܢܐ. ܐܝܟܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܝܬܝܟ ܠܐ ܝܿܕܥ ܐܢܐ.܀. ܘܥܼܢܐ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܣܛܢܐ. ܫܪܝܪܐܝܬ ܕܣܡܝܐ ܐܝܬܝܟ ܘܠܐ ܚܿܙܐ ܐܢܬ ܠܩ̈ܕܝܫܐ.܀.܀. ܘܟܕ ܗܕܐ ܫܡܥ ܣܛܢܐ. ܐܡܼܪ ܠܐܟܠܘܣ. ܚܼܙܘ ܗܫܐ ܠܗܿܘ ܕܡܡܠܠ ܐܢܐ ܥܡܗ ܐܚܘܕܝܘ. ܡܛܠ ܕܗܼܘ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܡܥܘܿܟܢܐ ܕܨܒܘܬܟܘܢ. ܘܪܗܛܘ ܪ̈ܫܝܥܐ ܗܿܢܘܢ ܘܐܚܼܕܘ ܬܪ̈ܥܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ.܀. ܘܡܬܟܪܟܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܘܒܿܥܝܢ ܠܛܘܒܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܒܟܠܗܿ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܘܠܐ ܚܿܙܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܗ .܀.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܐܬܚܙܝ ܠܗ ܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗ. ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܩܘܡ ܚܘܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܚܝܠܟܼ ܕܢܐܠܦܘܢ ܕܚܝܠܗ ܕܣܛܢܐ ܕܫܼܿܪܐ ܒܗܘܢ ܕܠܘ ܡܕܡ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܩܡ ܠܥܝܢ ܟܠܗܿ ܐܟܘܠܣ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܐܢܐ ܐܝܿܬܝ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܗܿܘ ܕܒܥܿܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ.܀.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܪܗܛ ܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ ܘܠܒܟܘܗܝ. ܘܐܡܼܪܘ ܠܗ. ܐܝܟ ܡܕܡ ܕܥܒܼܕܬ ܒܢ ܥܿܒܕܝܢܢ ܒܟ. ܘܫܿܪܝܘ ܡܬܚܫܒܝܢ ܒܝܢܬܗܘܢ ܘܐܡܿܪܝܢ. ܕܒܐܝܢܐ ܡܿܘܬܐ ܢܩܛܠܝܘܗܝ. ܐܢ ܠܡ ܢܪܝܡ ܪܝܫܗ ܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܡܿܘܬܐ ܗܘ ܡܪܝܪܐ. ܘܐܢ ܒܢܘܪܐ ܢܘܩܕܝܘܗܝ ܐܦܠܐ ܗܢܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܡܕܡ.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܚܕ ܡܢܗܘܢ. ܟܕ ܐܬܥܠܠ ܒܗ ܣܛܟܢܐ. ܥܼܢܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗܘܢ. ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܐܚܼܫ ܠܢ ܗܟܢܐ ܐܦ ܚܢܢ ܢܚܫܝܘܗܝ. ܗܕܐ ܢܥܒܼܕ ܠܗ. ܢܟܪܟ ܚ̈ܒܠܐ ܥܠ ܩܕܠܗ ܘܢܓܪܝܘܗܝ ܒܝܬ ܫ̈ܘܩܐ ܘܚܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܕܡܛܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ܇ ܘܡܐ ܕܡܝܼܬ ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܢܦܠܓܿ ܦܓܪܗ ܒܝܢܬ ܟܠܢ. ܘܫܦܪܬ ܗܕܐ ܩܕܡ ܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ. ܘܐܪܡܝܘ ܚ̈ܒܠܐ ܒܩܕܠܗ ܘܓܿܪܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܗ ܒܟܠܗܘܢ ܫ̈ܘܩܐ ܘܚܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ : ܥܕܡܐ ܕܐܬܬܠܿܚ ܦܓܪܗ ܡܢ ܟܐ̈ܦܐ ܕܡܬܓܪܪ ܗܘܐ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ܆ ܘܕܡܗ ܪܕܐ ܗܘܐ ܐܝܟ ܡ̈ܝܐ.܀. ܘܟܕ ܗܼܘܐ ܪܡܫܐ. ܐܪܡܝܘܗܝ ܒܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ ܟܕ ܦܟܝܪ̈ܢ ܐܝܼ̈ܕܘܗܝ ܠܒܣܬܪܗ.","english":"When the satan heard, he said, “Oh, oh! How bitter is your voice, my father! But where you are, my father does not know.” And the blessed one cried out and said to the satan, “Truly you are blind, and you do not see the saints.” And when the satan heard this, he said to the eaters, “See now that one who is speaking with him; seize him, for he is the confounder of your desire.” And those wicked ones ran and seized the gates of the city. And they were going about and seeking the blessed Andrew in the whole city, and they did not see him. Then the Lord Jesus Christ appeared to him and said to him, “Andrew, rise, show them your power, that they may learn that the power of the satan which dwells in them is nothing.” Then the blessed Andrew rose up in the sight of the whole crowd and said, “I am Andrew, whom you seek.” Then the whole people ran and seized him and said to him, “As you have done to us, we will do to you.” And they began to take counsel among themselves and said, “By what death shall we kill him? If we cut off his head, that death is not bitter; and if we burn him in fire, this too is nothing.” Then one of them, when a demon had entered him, cried out and said to them, “As he has grieved us, so also we shall grieve him. Do this to him: put ropes around his neck and drag him through the streets and ruins of this city; and when he is dead, then divide his body among all.” And this pleased the whole people. And they put ropes on his neck and were dragging him through all the streets and ruins of the city, until his body was torn by the stones over which he was dragged, and his blood flowed like water. And when it was evening, they cast him into the prison, with his hands bound behind him.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܣܛܢܐ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac term ܣܛܢܐ (sṭnʾ) is a loan from Greek σατανᾶς, itself from Hebrew śāṭān. In this hagiographic context it denotes the demonic adversary, not a human ruler.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܐܟܠܘܣ","severity":"info","text":"The word ܐܟܠܘܣ (ʾklws) is a Greek loan (ἄκλητος) meaning 'uninvited' or 'intruder'; here it refers to the demon-possessed mob, the 'eaters' of the English draft.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ","severity":"info","text":"The appearance of 'the Lord Jesus Christ' to Andrew echoes the divine intervention motif in apocryphal acts (cf. Acts of Andrew). No single biblical verse is quoted, but the scene recalls Christ's post-resurrection appearances.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ܚ̈ܒܠܐ","severity":"info","text":"The dragging of a martyr with ropes (ܚ̈ܒܠܐ) through streets and ruins is a known punishment in late antique Roman and Sasanian contexts, often associated with public humiliation and execution of Christians.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage forms the climax of the narrative: Andrew's voluntary self-revelation, the mob's deliberation on his death, and the beginning of his passion. The sequence of 'seeking, hiding, appearing, capture, torture' is typical of martyrdom accounts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ (prison) at the end may be a textual corruption or a later addition; the preceding description of dragging and death suggests the narrative originally ended with his death, not imprisonment.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the satan' (ܣܛܢܐ) is ambiguous: it may be a proper name for a demon or a generic term for the devil. The reading taken is a demonic figure.","The phrase 'eaters' (ܐܟܠܘܣ) is ambiguous; it could mean 'uninvited guests' or 'gluttons'; the reading taken is the demon-possessed mob."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":15,"ref":"p15","source":"ܘܬܘܒ ܟܕ ܗܘܼܐ ܨܿܦܪܐ ܐܦܩܘܗܝ. ܘܐܪܡܝܘ ܚ̈ܒܠܐ ܒܩܕܠܗ ܘܓܪܘܗܝ ܒܟܠܗܿ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ. ܘܦܓܪܗ ܟܠܗ ܒܐܪܥܐ ܐܬܬܠܿܚ ܗܘܐ. ܘܨܿܠܝ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܒܚܢܓܬܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܚܙܝ ܡܢܐ ܥܿܒܕܝܢ ܒܝ. ܘܡܣܝܒܪ ܐܢܐ ܡܛܠ ܦܘܩܕܢܟ. ܐܠܘ ܠܐ ܓܝܪ ܡܛܠ ܪ̈ܚܡܼܝܟ ܠܗܘܬܐ ܥܡܝܩܬܐ ܡܫܕܪ ܗܘܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܥܡ ܡܕܝܢܬܗܘܢ. ܐܠܐ ܒܠܚܘܕ ܡܪܝ ܠܐ ܬܫܒܘܩ ܠܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ ܕܢܒܿܙܚ.܀. ܘܟܕ ܗܠܝܢ ܐܡܼܪ ܛܘܒܢܐ. ܥܢܐ ܣܛܢܐ ܡܢ ܒܣܬܪܗ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܥܡܐ. ܗܘܼܘ ܡܚܝܢ ܠܗ ܥܠ ܦܘܡܗ ܕܠܐ ܢܡܿܠܠ.܀. ܘܟܕ ܡܼܛܐ ܪܡܫܐ. ܐܪܡܝܘܗܝ ܒܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ.܀. ܗܝܕܝܢ ܕܒܼܪ ܣܛܢܐ ܥܡܗ. ܫܒܥܐ ܫܐ̈ܕܝܢ ܘܥܠ ܠܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ. ܘܩܡܘ ܩܕܡ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܡܓܚܟܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܒܗ ܟܕ ܐܡܿܪܝܢ. ܗܫܐ ܐܬܬܚܕܬ ܒܐܝܼ̈ܕܝܢ. ܡܿܢܼܘ ܡܟܝܠ ܢܦܨܝܟ ܕܗܐ ܡܒܿܛܠܐܢܬ ܥ̈ܒܝܕܬܢ ܡܢ ܟܠ ܡܕܝܢܐ. ܘܐܚܼܪܒܬ ܗ̈ܝܟܠܝܢ ܘܒܝܬ ܐܠܗ̈ܐ ܕܐܬܒܢܝܘ ܠܢ. ܘܦܩܼܕ ܣܛܢܐ ܠܗܠܝܢ ܫܒܥܐ ܫܐ̈ܕܝܢ ܕܥܡܗ ܕܢܩܛܠܘܢܝܗܝ ܠܛܘܒܢܐ.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܟܕ ܩܼܪܒܘ ܫ̈ܐܕܐ ܗܿܢܘܢ. ܘܚܼܙܘ ܚܬܡܗ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ ܒܝܬ ܥ̈ܝܢܘܗܝ ܕܚܼܠܘ ܘܥܼܪܩܘ ܡܢܗ .܀.܀. ܘܥܢܼܐ ܣܛܢܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗܘܢ. ܠܡܢܐ ܥܪܩܬܘܢ ܡܢܗ. ܡܢܘ. ܘܐܡܿܪܝܢ ܠܗ. ܚܢܢ ܠܐ ܡܫܟܚܝܢܢ ܠܡܬܩܪܒܘ ܠܗ ܡܛܠ ܚܬܡܐ. ܕܐܝܬ ܥܠܘܗܝ. ܐܠܐ ܐܢܬ ܙܠ ܩܛܘܠܝܗܝ ܐܢ ܚܝܠܬܢܐ ܐܝܬܝܟ. ܘܐܡܼܪ ܗܘܢ ܣܛܢܐ. ܬܘ ܡܕܝܢ ܢܓܚܟ ܒܗ. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܐܬܘ ܫ̈ܐܕܐ ܗܿܢܘܢ ܥܡ ܣܛܢܐ ܪܒܗܘܢ. ܘܡܓܚܟܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܒܗ ܒܛܘܒܢܐ ܘܐܡܿܪܝܢ ܗܘܘ. ܐܢܬ ܐܘ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܗܐ ܐܬܝܬ ܠܒܗܬܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܘܠܕܝܢܼܐ ܩܫܝܐ.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܟܕ ܫܡܼܥ ܗܠܝܢ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܐܡܼܪ. ܕܡܩܛܠ ܐܢ ܩܿܛܠܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܠܝ ܨܒܝܢܟܘܢ ܠܐ ܥܿܒܕ ܐܢܐ. ܐܠܐ ܨܒܝܢܗ ܕܡܪܝ.","english":"And again, when it was morning, they brought him out and threw ropes around his neck and dragged him throughout the entire city, and his whole body was being torn on the ground. And the blessed one prayed in the midst of the crowd and said, “My Lord, Jesus Christ, see what they are doing to me, and I endure because of your commandment. For if not for your mercy, I would have sent a deep abyss to them along with their city. But only, my Lord, do not leave the enemy to mock.” And when he said this, the satan answered from his hiding place and said to the people, “Strike him on his mouth so that he does not speak.” And when evening came, they threw him into prison.\n\nThen the satan took with him seven demons and entered the prison. And they stood before the holy Andrew and were laughing at him, saying, “Now you have been caught in our hands. What then can you do, for your deeds have been nullified with every city, and you have destroyed the temples and houses of the gods that were built for you?” And the satan commanded these seven demons that were with him to kill the blessed one.\n\nThen, when those demons approached, they saw the seal of Christ between his eyes, and they were afraid and fled from him. And the satan cried out and said to them, “Why did you flee from him? What is it?” And they said to him, “We are unable to approach him because of the seal that is upon him. But you go and kill him, if you have the power.” And the satan said, “Come, let us mock him.” Then those demons came with their chief, the satan, and they were laughing at the blessed one and saying, “You, O Andrew, have come to great shame and severe judgment.”\n\nThen, when the blessed Andrew heard these things, he said, “Whether you kill me or you do not kill me, I will not do your will, but the will of my Lord.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܬܘܒ ܟܕ ܗܘܼܐ ܨܿܦܪܐ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'and again, when it was morning' marks a new episode in the narrative, typical of hagiographic cycles that structure persecution by daily events.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ܣܛܢܐ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac term 'satan' (sāṭānā) is used consistently for the chief adversary, distinct from the generic 'demons' (šēdē) that follow him, reflecting a hierarchy of evil spirits.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܚܬܡܗ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ","severity":"info","text":"The 'seal of Christ' between Andrew's eyes echoes Revelation 7:2–3 and patristic traditions of a protective mark on saints, often linked to baptism or martyrdom.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ","severity":"info","text":"The prison (bēt ʾasīrē) is a standard setting in apostolic passions, symbolizing the liminal space where divine power is tested and demons are confronted.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܡܓܚܟܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܒܗ","severity":"info","text":"Demons mocking the saint is a motif shared with the Greek Acts of Andrew and Matthias (dossier:greek-catena-acta) and the Latin Acts of Andrew and Matthew (dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae), where ridicule precedes a failed execution.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-catena-acta","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Acts of the Apostles (the Catena of Andrew)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-acta"},{"key":"dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae","label":"gap dossier: The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Cannibals (Latin recensions)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܨܿܠܝ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܒܚܢܓܬܐ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'prayed in the midst of the crowd' is ambiguous: the Syriac ܒܚܢܓܬܐ (b-ḥuġtā) could mean 'in the crowd' or 'in the festival', but the context of public torture favors the former.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Syriac ܒܚܢܓܬܐ (b-ḥuġtā) is ambiguous: it may mean 'in the crowd' (as translated) or 'in the festival', but the narrative of dragging and public abuse supports the crowd reading.","The phrase 'they brought him out' (ܐܦܩܘܗܝ) does not specify who 'they' are, but the preceding passage identifies them as 'the eaters' (the wicked ones)."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":16,"ref":"p16","source":"ܐܢ ܓܝܪ ܢܣܥܪܢܝ ܡܪܝ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܪܕܐ ܐܢܐ ܠܟܘܢ ܐܝܟ ܕܫܿܘܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ. ܟܕ ܕܝܢ ܫܡܥܘ ܗܘܘ ܫ̈ܐܕܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܐܬܛܠܩܘ ܡܢ ܩܕܡܘܗܝ ܒܕܡܼܘܬ ܬܢܢܐ. ܟܕ ܕܝܢ ܗܘܼܐ ܨܿܦܪܐ ܐܦܩܘܗܝ ܠܒܛܘܒܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܡܢ ܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ ܘܩܛܪܘ ܚ̈ܒܠܐ ܒܩܕܠܗ ܘܓܿܪܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܗ. ܘܬܘܒ ܦܓܪܗ ܘܟܠܗ ܣܥܪܐ ܕܪܫܗ ܡܬܢܬܫ ܗܘܐ.܀. ܘܩܥܐ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܒܩܠܐ ܪܡܐ ܒܚܢܓܬܐ ܘܕܡ̈ܥܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܣܦܩܝܢ ܠܝ ܐܘ̈ܠܨܢܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܬܠܬܐ ܝܘ̈ܡܝܢ. ܕܐܝܡܡܐ ܘܕܠܠܝܐ. ܕܣܛܢܐ ܘܕܫ̈ܐܕܐ ܘܕܚ̈ܦܐ ܗܠܝܢ. ܦܩܘܕ ܡܪܝ ܘܩܿܒܠ ܪܘܚܝ ܐܘ ܚܘܐ ܠܝ ܛܝܒܘܬܟ ܘܐܫܬܪܪ.܀. ܘܟܕ ܗܠܝܢ ܐܡܼܪ. ܐܬܐ ܠܗ ܩܠܐ ܥܒܪܐܝܬ ܕܐܡܿܪ. ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܫܡܝܐ ܘܐܪܥܐ ܢܥܒܪܘܢ. ܘܡ̈ܠܝ ܠܐ ܢܥܒܪ̈ܢ. ܐܢܬ ܗܫܐ ܐܬܦܢܝ ܘܚܙܝ ܦܓܪܐ ܕܡܢܟ ܐܬܢܬܫ ܕܡܢܐ ܗܘܼܐ ܡܢܗ. ܘܚܪ ܘܚܼܙܐ ܐܝ̈ܠܢܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܐ ܕܝܥܝܘ ܘܝܗܒܘ ܦܐܪ̈ܐ. ܘܐܡܼܪ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ. ܗܫܐ ܡܪܝ ܝܿܕܥܬ ܕܠܐ ܫܒܩܬܢ. ܘܟܕ ܗܘܼܐ ܪܡܫܐ ܐܪܡܝܘܗܝ ܒܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ ܟܕ ܐܡܿܪܝܢ. ܕܐܒܼܕ ܦܓܪܗ. ܘܒܗܢܐ ܠܠܝܐ ܡܐܿܬ ܠܗ .܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܐܬܚܙܝ ܠܗ ܡܪܝܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܒܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗ. ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܗܒ ܠܝ ܐܝܼܕܟ. ܘܠܒܟܗ ܒܐܝܼܕܗ ܘܡܚܕܐ ܩܡ ܟܕ ܚܠܝܼܡ. ܘܢܦܼܠ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܘܣܓܼܕ ܠܗ. ܘܡܢ ܒܬܪܟܝܢ ܚܪ ܗܘܐ ܒܡܨܥܬܐ ܕܗܘܬܐ ܗܿܝ ܕܚܒܝܫ ܗܘܐ ܒܗܿ ܘܚܼܙܐ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܚܕ ܕܡܬܩܪܐ ܗܘܐ ܝܘܢܐܝܬ ܐܠܒܣܛܪܘܢ. ܘܦܫܛ ܐܝܼܕܗ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܟܐܦܐ ܚܪܫܬܐ ܕܚܠ ܡܢ ܪܘܫܡܐ ܕܨܠܝܒܐ. ܗܿܘ ܕܙܝܥܝܢ ܡܢܗ ܫܡܝܐ ܘܐܪܥܐ. ܘܡܚܕܐ ܢܼܪܕܘܢ ܡܢ ܦܘܡܟ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܣ̈ܓܝܐܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܢܛܝܦܘܢܗܿ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ. ܘܡܚܕܐ ܐܪܕܝ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܗܿܘ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܣ̈ܓܝܐܐ ܐܝܟ ܢܗܪܐ ܬܩܝܦܐ. ܘܥܫܢܘ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܛܒ ܘܩܿܛܠܘ ܠܒ̈ܢܝܗܘܢ ܘܒܥܝܪܗܘܢ.","english":"For he was dragging Mar Andrew throughout this city like that which was fitting. But when those demons heard, they fled from before him in the form of a cloud. And when it was morning, they brought the blessed Andrew out from the prison and tied ropes around his neck and were dragging him. And again his body and all the hair of his head were being torn. And the blessed one cried out with a loud voice, with weeping and tears, and said: \"My Lord Jesus Christ, these three kinds of torments are sufficient for me: of day and of night, of the enemy and of demons and of these pagans. Command, my Lord, and receive my spirit, or show me your grace and strengthen me.\" And while he was saying these things, a voice came to him in Hebrew, saying: \"Andrew, heaven and earth pass away, and my words do not pass away. Now you are comforted and see the body of your companion, which was torn, how it became with him.\" And he looked and saw great trees that had grown and given fruit. And the holy Andrew said: \"Now, my Lord, I know that you have not abandoned me.\" And when it was evening, they threw him into prison, while saying, \"Let his body perish.\" And during that night he died. Then the Lord Jesus Christ appeared to him in the prison and said to him: \"Andrew, give me your hand.\" And he took his hand, and immediately he stood up, being healed. And the blessed one fell and worshipped him. And after that, he looked in the middle of that prison where he had been confined, and he saw one pillar which was called in Greek \"alabastron.\" And Andrew stretched out his hand and said: \"O stone, hard from the sign of the cross, from which heaven and earth tremble, immediately let abundant water flow from your mouth, as if to flood this city. And immediately that pillar poured forth abundant water like a mighty river. And the waters swelled greatly and killed their children and their cattle.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܥܒܪܐܝܬ","severity":"info","text":"The adverb ܥܒܪܐܝܬ (ʿbrāʾīṯ) means 'in Hebrew'. The voice that speaks to Andrew is thus marked as a divine or authoritative utterance in the sacred language.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܫܡܝܐ ܘܐܪܥܐ ܥܒܪܘܢ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'heaven and earth pass away' echoes the eschatological language of Isa 51:6 and the synoptic tradition (e.g., Matt 24:35), where the transience of the cosmos is contrasted with the permanence of divine words.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ܐܠܒܣܛܪܘܢ","severity":"info","text":"The term ܐܠܒܣܛܪܘܢ (alabastron) is a Greek loanword (ἀλάβαστρον) referring to a stone vessel or pillar. In this context, it designates a specific pillar in the prison, possibly a cultic or architectural feature known to the audience.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ܐܬܚܙܝ ܠܗ ܡܪܝܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ","severity":"info","text":"The appearance of Christ to Andrew in prison parallels the apocryphal Acts of Andrew (e.g., the 'Acts of Andrew and Matthias' tradition), where the apostle receives a vision or direct intervention from the Lord before his martyrdom.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-catena-acta","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Acts of the Apostles (the Catena of Andrew)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-acta"},{"key":"dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae","label":"gap dossier: The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Cannibals (Latin recensions)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܟܕ ܗܘܐ ܪܡܫܐ","severity":"info","text":"The narrative is structured by a temporal sequence: morning (ܨܦܪܐ), evening (ܪܡܫܐ), and night (ܠܠܝܐ). This three-part division marks the progression of Andrew's torture, death, and posthumous miracle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܡܚܕܐ ܥܪܕܘܢ","severity":"caution","text":"The verb ܥܪܕܘܢ (ʿrdwn) is ambiguous: it could be read as 'let flow' (from ܥܪܕ, 'to flow') or as an imperative of a different root. The translation 'let abundant water flow' follows the context of the miracle, but the exact form is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ܘܡܚܕܐ ܥܪܕܘܢ may be a corrupt or dialectal form; the reading 'let flow' is adopted based on the parallel with the subsequent 'poured forth' (ܐܪܕܝ).","The identity of the 'voice in Hebrew' is not explicitly attributed to Christ or an angel; the text leaves it ambiguous."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":17,"ref":"p17","source":"ܘܒܿܥܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܕܢܥܼܪܩܘܢ ܡܢ ܡܝܕܢܬܐ.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܨܿܠܝ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ. ܘܢܚܬܬ ܗܘܬ ܥܢܢܐ ܕܢܘܪܐ ܘܐܬܟܪܟܬ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܐܝܟ ܫܪܘܐ ܘܠܐ ܐܫܟܚܘ ܗܘܘ ܕܢܥܼܪܩܘܢ. ܟܕ ܕܝܢ ܝܼܕܥ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܡܕܡ ܕܗܘܼܐ. ܫܿܒܚ ܠܐܠܗܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܡܿܒܪܟ ܐܢܐ ܠܟ ܡܪܝܢ ܝܫܘܥܗ ܡܫܝܚܐܿ. ܙܥܘ ܕܝܢ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܒ̈ܢܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܘܒܿܟܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܘܐܡܿܪܝܢ. ܘܝ ܠܢ ܕܟܠܗܘܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܕܐܬܝ̈ܥܠܝܢ ܡܛܠ ܗܿܘ ܐܟܣܢܝܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ. ܐܠܐ ܢܐܙܠ ܢܫܪܝܘܗܝ ܕܠܐ ܢܡܘܬ ܒܝܫܐܝܬ ܒܗܠܝܢ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܕܛܘܦܢܐ ܘܒܗܕܐ ܢܘܪܐ. ܘܐܬܘ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܠܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ ܟܕ ܩܥܿܝܢ ܒܩܠܐ ܚܢܝܓܐ. ܘܟܕ ܚܼܙܐ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܕܢܦܫܗܘܢ ܐܫܬܥܒܼܕܬ ܠܗ. ܐܡܿܪ ܠܥܡܘܕܐ ܗܿܘ ܣܿܦܩ ܡܟܝܠ ܬܘܒ ܠܐ ܬܪܕܐ ܡ̈ܝܐ. ܗܐ ܢܦܿܩ ܐܢܐ ܘܡܿܟܪܙ ܐܢܐ ܡܠܬܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ. ܘܐܡܿܪ ܐܢܐ ܠܟ ܕܝܢ ܕܐܢ ܢܗܝܡܢܘܢ ܒ̈ܢܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ. ܒܿܢܐ ܐܢܐ ܒܗܿ ܥܕܬܐ. ܘܐܪܝܡܟ ܡܟܐ. ܘܐܿܘܒܠܟ ܘܐܿܩܝܡܟ ܒܗܿ. ܚܠܦ ܕܥܢܝܬܢܝ ܘܥܒܼܕܬ ܗܿܘ ܡܕܡ ܕܐܬܦܩܼܕ ܠܟ. ܘܒܗܿ ܒܫܥܬܐ ܫܼܠܐ ܨܠܡܐ ܗܿܘ ܡܢ ܡܪܕܝܬܗ. ܘܢܦܼܩ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܡܢ ܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ. ܘܡ̈ܝܐ ܪ̈ܕܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܩܕܡ ܪ̈ܓܠܘܗܝ. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܩܼܪܒ ܩܕܡܘܗܝ ܣܒܐ ܗܿܘ ܕܐܫܠܼܡ ܒ̈ܢܘܗܝ ܠܢܟܣܬܐ ܚܠܦܘܗܝ. ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗ ܐܬܪܚܿܡ ܥܠܝܢ ܡܪܢ. ܘܥܼܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗ ܐܬܪܚܿܡ ܥܠܝܢ ܡܪܢ. ܘܥܼܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗ. ܒܥܿ ܐܢܐ ܡܢܟ. ܐܝܟܢܐ ܐܡܿܪ ܐܢܬ ܠܝ ܕܐܬܪܚܿܡ ܥܠܝܟ. ܟܕ ܐܢܬ ܠܐ ܐܬܪܚܿܡܬ ܥܠ ܒ̈ܢܝܟ. ܐܡܿܪ ܐܢܐ ܠܟ ܓܝܪ ܕܥܕ ܩܠܝܠ ܐܙܠܝܢ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܗܠܝܢ. ܘܒܓܘ ܗܘܬܐ ܡܬܒܠܥܝܢ. ܘܠܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܕܕܒܚܿܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܒ̈ܢܝܢܫܐ. ܘܐܦ ܐܢܬ ܥܡܗܘܢ ܬܬܒܠܥ. ܘܐܬܦܢܝ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܟܢܫܐ. ܬܘܒ ܒܬܪܝ ܟܠܟܘܢ.","english":"They were seeking to flee from the city. Then the blessed Andrew prayed. And the cloud of fire descended and encircled the city as was fitting, and they were unable to flee. But when Andrew knew what had happened, he praised God and said, \"I bless you, my Lord Jesus Christ.\" Then all the citizens cried out and wept, saying, \"Woe to us for all these who have been tormented because of that stranger who is in the prison. But go, release him, lest he die a cruel death in these floodwaters and in this fire.\" And they all came to the prison, crying out with a loud voice. And when the blessed Andrew saw that their mind had been subdued to him, he said to that pillar, \"Henceforth, do not hold back the waters. Behold, I go out and I preach the word of God. And I say to you that if the citizens of this city believe, I will build a church in it, and I will raise you up and set you up in it, in return for your labor and for your having done what was commanded you.\" And at that hour, that image ceased from its rebellion. And Andrew went out from the prison, and the waters were flowing before his feet. Then the old man who had handed over his sons to torture for his sake approached him and said to him, \"Have mercy on me, my lord.\" And Andrew groaned and said to him, \"Have mercy on me, my lord.\" And Andrew groaned and said to him, \"I ask of you, how can you say to me, 'Have mercy on you,' when you have not had mercy on your own sons? For I tell you that within a short time these waters will subside and be swallowed up in the abyss, along with these pillars that the wicked men were sacrificing to, and you also will be swallowed up with them.\" And he turned and said to the priest, \"Follow after me, all of you.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ܥܢܢܐ ܕܢܘܪܐ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'cloud of fire' (ʿnānā d-nūrā) is a theophanic image, recalling the pillar of fire that guided Israel (Exod 13:21) and the fiery cloud of divine presence in apocalyptic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ܥܡܘܕܐ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'pillar' (ʿammūdā) here refers to a cultic pillar or idol, consistent with the pagan context of the city. The same word is used for the pillars that the wicked men were sacrificing to.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܡܿܒܪܟ ܐܢܐ ܠܟ ܡܪܝܢ ܝܫܘܥܗ ܡܫܝܚܐ","severity":"info","text":"Andrew's blessing formula 'I bless you, my Lord Jesus Christ' echoes liturgical acclamations found in Syriac anaphoras, though no direct scriptural citation is present.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܐ","severity":"info","text":"The 'prison' (bēt ʾasīrē) is a standard setting in apostolic passion narratives, often serving as a place of miraculous intervention and conversion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܐܬܟܪܟܬ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a cloud encircling a city to prevent escape parallels the angelic blockade in the Acts of Thomas (section 6), where a cloud similarly traps the inhabitants.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-de-miraculis-thomae","label":"gap dossier: The Miracles of the Blessed Apostle Thomas (Latin)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-de-miraculis-thomae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ܘܐܬܦܢܝ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܟܢܫܐ","severity":"info","text":"The narrative shifts abruptly from Andrew's address to the old man to a command to the priest, marking a structural break that may indicate a lacuna or a deliberate ellipsis.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'that pillar' (ܥܡܘܕܐ ܗܿܘ) is ambiguous: it may refer to a personified cult object or a human figure associated with the pagan cult.","The phrase 'and he turned and said to the priest' (ܘܐܬܦܢܝ ܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܟܢܫܐ) is syntactically abrupt, leaving unclear whether Andrew or the old man is the speaker."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":18,"ref":"p18","source":"ܘܟܕ ܐܙ݀ܠܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܒܬܪܗ ܡܬܦܠܓܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܠܟܐ ܘܠܟܐ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܪ̈ܓܠܘܗܝ ܕܩܕܝܫܐ. ܥܕܡܐ ܕܐܬܼܐ ܠܕܘܟܬܐ ܕܡܥܨܪܬܐ ܗܿܝ. ܘܬܠܐ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܚܝܪܗ ܠܫܡܝܐ. ܘܨܠܿܝ ܘܐܬܦܬܚܬ ܐܪܥܐ ܘܒܠܥܬ ܠܡ̈ܝܐ ܘܠܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ ܘܠܣܒܐ ܗܿܘ .܀. ܘܟܕ ܚܼܙܘ ܒ̈ܢܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܡܕܡ ܕܗܘܼܐ. ܫܿܪܝܘ ܐܡܿܪܝܢ ܒܝܢܝܗܘܢ܆ ܘܝܠ ܠܢ ܕܗܢܐ ܓܒܪܐ ܐܫܬܕܪ ܡܢ ܐܠܗܐ ܠܗܪܟܐ. ܘܩܿܛܠ ܠܢ ܡܛܠ ܐܘ̈ܠܨܢܐ ܕܐܣܒܠܢܝܗܝ. ܗܐ ܓܝܪ ܐܝܟ ܕܗܘܼܐ ܠܩܣܛܘܢܪ̈ܐ ܘܠܗܿܘ ܣܒܐ ܗܿܘܐ ܠܢ. ܛܘܒܢܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܟܕ ܫܡܼܥ ܐܡܼܪ ܠܗܘܢ. ܠܐ ܬܕܚܘܠܢ ܒ̈ܢܝ: ܐܦܠܐ ܓܝܪ ܠܗܠܝܢ ܫܿܒܩ ܠܗܘܢ ܐܠܗܐ ܒܫܝܘܠ܆ ܐܬܚܛܦܘ ܗܿܢܘܢ ܠܐܪܥܐ ܬܚܬܝܬܐ ܕܐܢܬܘܢ ܬܗܝܡܢܘܢ.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܦܩܼܕ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܕܢܝܿܬܘܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܠܟܠܗܘܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܐܬܚܿܢܩܘ ܒܡ̈ܝܐ. ܘܠܐ ܐܫܟܚܘ ܕܢܝܿܬܘܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܡܛܠ ܕܣ̈ܓܝܐܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܡܝܼܬܘ ܒܡ̈ܝܐ. ܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܘܢܫ̈ܐ ܘܛ̈ܠܝܐ ܘܚ̈ܝܘܬܐ. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܨܿܠܝ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܩܕܡ ܐܠܗܐ ܘܐܬܢܚܡܘ ܘܩܡܘ ܟܠܗܘܢ. ܘܒܬܪ ܗܠܝܢ ܐܥܼܡܕ ܐܢܘܢ. ܒܫܡ ܐܒܐ ܘܒܪܐ ܘܪܘܚܐ ܕܩܘܕܫܐ. ܘܪܫܼܡ ܗܘܐ ܠܗܘܢ ܕܡܘܼܬܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ. ܘܐܬܒܢܝܬ ܩܠܝܠܐܝܬ. ܘܐܝܬܝܘܗܝ ܠܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܐܪܕܝ ܗܘܐ ܠܗܿܢܘܢ ܡ̈ܝܐ. ܘܐܝܩܡܘܗܝ ܒܥܕܬܐ. ܘܪܫܼܡ ܠܗܘܢ ܦܘ̈ܩܕܢܐ ܘܢܡ̈ܘܣܐ ܕܢܗܘܼܘܢ ܡܬܩܝܡܝܢ ܒܗܘܢ. ܘܐܫܼܠܡ ܠܗܘܢ ܪ̈ܐܙܐ ܕܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܘܝܼܗܒ ܠܗܘܢ ܕܢܙܪܥܘܢ ܘܢܬܬܪܣܘܢ ܡܢ ܕܘܥܬܐ ܕܐ̈ܦܝܗܘܢܼ. ܘܡܣܬܪܗܒ ܗܘܐ ܕܢܐܙܠ ܡܢ ܠܘܬܗܘܢ. ܘܡܦܝܣܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܗ ܡܢ ܙܥܘܪܐ ܘܥܕܡܐ ܠܪܒܐ . ܘܐܡܿܪܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܗ. ܒܥܿܝܢܢ ܡܢܟ. ܟܬܪ ܠܘܬܢ ܝܘ̈ܡܬܐ ܩܠܝܠ. ܥܕܟܝܠ ܝ̈ܠܼܘܕܐ ܚܢܢ ܒܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ. ܕܢܣܼܿܒ ܡܢ ܡܒܘܥܟ ܒܪܝܟܐ ܘܡܢ ܡ̈ܠܝܟ ܐܠܗ̈ܝܬܐ. ܘܠܐ ܐܬܛܦܝܣ ܕܢܩܘܐ ܠܘܬܗܘܢ.","english":"And as they were going after him, the waters were dividing to this side and that before the feet of the saint, until he came to that place of the spring. And the blessed Andrew lifted his eyes to heaven and prayed, and the earth opened and swallowed up the waters and the soldiers and that old man. And when the inhabitants of the city saw what had happened, they began to say among themselves, \"Woe to us, for this man has been sent from God here, and he kills us because of the afflictions we caused him. For behold, just as happened to the soldiers and to that old man, so it will be to us.\" But the blessed Andrew, when he heard, said to them, \"Do not fear, O people; for not even these did God leave in Sheol; they were snatched away to the lower earth, that they might be there in terror.\" Then Andrew commanded that they bring out all those who had been suffocated in the waters. But they were unable to bring them out, because those who had died in the waters were very many: men, women, children, and animals. Then the blessed one prayed before God, and they revived and all arose. And after these things, he baptized them in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and he marked them with the sign of the church. And a church was built quickly, and they brought the pillar that had held back the waters and set it up in the church. And he gave them commandments and laws that were to be established among them, and he entrusted to them the mysteries of the Lord Jesus Christ, and he gave them seed to sow and to plant from the sweat of their faces. And he was hastening to go away from them, but they were entreating him, from the young to the old, and they were saying to him, \"We ask of you: tarry with us a few days, until the children are firm in the faith, that they may receive from your blessed spring and from your divine words.\" But he was not persuaded to remain with them.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܡܥܨܪܬܐ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac term mʿṣrtʾ (spring) is the same word used earlier for the water source; here it marks the location of the miracle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܫܝܘܠ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac šywl (Sheol) denotes the underworld or realm of the dead, distinct from the 'lower earth' (ܐܪܥܐ ܬܚܬܝܬܐ) that follows.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a pillar holding back waters and later installed in a church echoes hagiographic topoi of miraculous objects becoming relics.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae","label":"gap dossier: The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Cannibals (Latin recensions)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes the narrative arc: the flood miracle, conversion, baptism, and founding of the church, followed by Andrew's departure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The story of Andrew and Matthew was widely transmitted in Syriac and Ethiopic traditions; this version shows liturgical and legal concerns.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae","label":"gap dossier: The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Cannibals (Latin recensions)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-acta-andreae-et-matthiae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'lower earth' (ܐܪܥܐ ܬܚܬܝܬܐ) may refer to a subterranean realm or a place of punishment, not clearly distinguished from Sheol.","The identity of 'that old man' (ܣܒܐ ܗܿܘ) is ambiguous; he may be a local antagonist or a symbolic figure."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":19,"ref":"p19","source":"ܐܠܐ ܐܙ݀ܠ ܗܘܐ ܒܐܘܪܚܗ.܀.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܐܬܕܡܝ ܠܗ ܡܪܝܢ ܒܕܡܼܘܬ ܛܠܝܐ ܫܦܝ ܚܙܬܐ. ܘܘܐܡܼܪ ܠܗ. ܠܡܢܐ ܐܙ݀ܠ ܐܢܬ ܘܫܒܩ ܐܢܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܕܠܐ ܦܐܪ̈ܐ. ܘܠܐ ܚܐܿܣ ܐܢܬ ܥܠ ܝ̈ܠܼܘܕܐ ܕܐܬ݀ܝܢ ܒܬܪܟ ܘܓܿܥܝܢ. ܡܟܝܠ ܦܢܝ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܘܟܬܿܪ ܠܘܬܗܘܢ. ܫܒܥܐ ܝܘ̈ܡܝܢ. ܘܡܐ ܕܥܐܿܠ ܐܢܬ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܐܣܩ ܠܗܠܝܢ ܕܐܬܒܠܥܘ ܒܗܘܬܐ.܀.܀. ܗܝܕܝܢ ܫܒܚ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܠܐܠܗܐ ܘܐܡܼܪ. ܡܿܒܪܟ ܐܢܬ ܡܪܝܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܕܠܐ ܨܿܒܐ ܐܢܬ ܕܐܢܫ ܢܐܒܕ ܐܠܐ ܕܢܐܿܚܐ. ܘܦܢܼܐ ܘܥܼܠ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ. ܘܟܕ ܚܙܐܘܗܝ ܒ̈ܢܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܗܦܼܟ ܚܕܝܘ ܚܕܘܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ. ܘܥܒܼܕ ܬܡܢ ܫܒܥܐ ܝܘ̈ܡܝܢ ܟܕ ܡܿܠܦ ܘܡܫܪܪ ܠܗܘܢ ܒܗܝܡܢܘܬܗ ܕܡܪܢ.܀. ܗܿܝܕܝܢ ܨܿܠܝ ܛܒܘܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܘܐܬܢܚܡܘ ܗܠܝܢ ܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܕܐܬܒܠܥܘ ܒܗܘܬܐ. ܘܒܬܪ ܫܒܥܐ ܝܘ̈ܡܝܢ ܢܦܩܘ ܗܘܘ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܒ̈ܢܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ. ܘܡܚܘܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܗ ܡܢ ܙܥܘܪܐ ܘܥܕܡܐ ܠܪܒܐ. ܘܩܥܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܘܐܡܿܪܝܢ. ܚܕ ܗܘ ܐܠܗܗ ܕܛܘܒܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܒܪܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܚܿܝܐ. ܕܠܗ ܝܐܝܐ ܬܫܒܘܚܬܐ ܘܣܓܕܬܐ ܘܩܘܒܠ ܛܝܒܘܬܐ. ܥܡ ܐܒܘܗܝ ܡܿܒܪܟܐ ܘܪܘܚܗ ܚܿܝܐ ܘܩܕܝܫܐ. ܠܥܠܡ ܥܠܡܝܢ ܐܡܝܢ.܀ ܫܠܡܬ ܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܕܡܐܬܝ ܘܐܢܕܪܝܣ ܟܕ ܬܠܡܕܘ\nܠܡܕܝܢܬ ܟܠܒܝܢ ܕܗܼܝ ܗܝ ܥܝܪܩܐ. ܀܀܀","english":"But he went on his way. Then the Lord appeared to him in the form of a beautiful youth and said to him, \"Why do you go and leave those who are without fruit? And do you not have pity on the children who came after you and are crying? Now turn to the city and stay with them for seven days. And when you enter the city, raise up those who were swallowed by the abyss.\" Then Andrew praised God and said, \"Blessed are you, Lord Jesus Christ, for you do not wish that a man perish, but that he live.\" And he turned and entered the city. And when the people of the city saw him, they rejoiced with great joy. And he spent seven days there, teaching and confirming them in the faith of the Lord. Then the blessed Andrew prayed, and the men who had been swallowed by the abyss were commanded. And after seven days, all the people of the city came out. And they showed him from the youngest to the oldest. And they cried out and said, \"One is the God of the blessed Andrew, the Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of the living God, to whom praise and worship and the reception of grace are fitting, with his blessed Father and his living and Holy Spirit, forever and ever, amen.\" The history of Matthew and Andrew is completed, when they taught the city of Kalbion, which is Cyrrhus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܡܪܝܢ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac term ܡܪܝܢ (Māryā) is the absolute state of ܡܪܝܐ, meaning 'Lord' or 'Master', and here refers to Christ, consistent with Syriac Christian usage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ܒܪܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܚܿܝܐ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Son of the living God' echoes New Testament language (e.g., Matthew 16:16; Mark 3:11) and is a standard Christological title in Syriac tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ܥܝܪܩܐ","severity":"info","text":"The city named ܥܝܪܩܐ (ʿīrqā) is identified as Cyrrhus, a city in northern Syria (modern-day Nebi Huri), known as a bishopric and associated with the cult of saints.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ܫܠܡܬ ܬܫܥܝܬܐ","severity":"info","text":"The closing formula 'The history is completed' marks the end of the narrative, a typical colophon in Syriac hagiographical manuscripts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ܬܠܡܕܘ ܠܡܕܝܢܬ ܟܠܒܝܢ","severity":"info","text":"The note that Andrew and Matthew 'taught the city of Kalbion' (Cyrrhus) aligns with later Syriac and Arabic traditions that associate these apostles with missionary work in Syria.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ܐܬܢܚܡܘ","severity":"caution","text":"The verb ܐܬܢܚܡܘ (ʾettaḥḥamū) is ambiguous: it could mean 'were commanded' (as in the English draft) or 'were healed/resurrected'. The context of raising the swallowed men supports the latter, but the Syriac form is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The verb ܐܬܢܚܡܘ could be interpreted as 'were commanded' or 'were healed/resurrected'; the narrative context favors resurrection, but the Syriac form is rare and may be corrupt.","The phrase ܡܢ ܙܥܘܪܐ ܘܥܕܡܐ ܠܪܒܐ ('from the youngest to the oldest') is a standard formula and does not indicate a specific age range."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}