Work dossier · summary and historical context
The Bakar Bible is the first complete printed edition of the Georgian Bible, produced in Moscow in 1743 under the patronage of Prince Bakar, son of King Vakhtang VI. Based on earlier Georgian manuscript traditions, particularly the Gelati and Athos recensions, its precise textual lineage remains uncertain. The edition incorporates revisions from the Moscow edition of 1743, drawing on earlier Georgian and possibly Greek sources, and shows normalization toward contemporary ecclesiastical Georgian. It became the standard printed Bible for the Georgian Orthodox Church throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, influencing liturgical and scholarly use until the 20th century. The TITUS edition provides a diplomatic transcription without critical apparatus.
The Bakar Bible is the first complete printed Georgian Bible and became the standard text for the Georgian Orthodox Church for over two centuries. It represents a critical moment in the history of the Georgian biblical tradition, consolidating earlier manuscript traditions into a printed form that shaped liturgical and scholarly use until the 20th century. Its production in Moscow under royal patronage highlights the intersection of Georgian religious identity with Russian imperial politics.
The Bakar Bible was printed in Moscow in 1743 under Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, with Prince Bakar (r. 1716–1739) as patron. Bakar, a descendant of Kings Archil, George, Levan, and Vakhtang, asserted royal authority for the project. The colophon reports that Georgian biblical books were scattered, lost, or corrupted by scribes, motivating Bakar's compilation and translation. The printer brought from Wallachia reflects the movement of printing technology into the Caucasus. The edition is based on earlier Georgian manuscript traditions, notably the Gelati and Athos recensions, but its precise textual lineage remains uncertain. It incorporates revisions from the Moscow edition of 1743, which itself drew on earlier Georgian and possibly Greek sources. The text shows signs of normalization toward contemporary ecclesiastical Georgian, reflecting 18th-century linguistic standards.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
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