C. L. Ptolemaei Inerrantium stellarum significationes (a Graeco translatae)

C. L. PTOLEMY’S SIGNIFICATIONS OF THE FIXED STARS, Translated from the Greek by Nicolaus Leonicus. JANUARY. Kalends. The day begins to lengthen; the days become somewhat longer; Aquila and Corona set, and they produce a storm. 4th. The sun rises higher; the middle of Cancer sets, and the winds abate. 3rd. The remainder of Cancer sets, and there is a changeable blowing of the air. Ides. Midwinter; continuous north winds; Delphinus rises with Cancer in the morning. Nones. Lyra rises; Aquila sets; Delphinus fully emerges, and there is a clash of winds. 8th. Aquila sets in the evening; Auster blows. 7th. The Septentriones and Aquilo blow violently and clash. 6th. The domicile of Mars; Auster and Favonius blow together; Capricorn begins to emerge; rain and fog together in the evening. 5th. Auster blows with rain. 4th. A rainy Auster blows more violently. 3rd. Septentrio blows with much rain and a harsh storm.

The south wind blows. Ides. An obscure star, the first part of May sets; at night it rains. Nineteenth. An obscure star, variable inconstancy of the North Wind and the North; Leo begins to be hidden; rains occur. Eighteenth. The North and the North Wind blow violently. Seventeenth. The Sun in Aquarius, the Southeast Wind with rain. Sixteenth. The Lyre begins to set in the morning; conflicts of winds occur. Fifteenth. Leo and the Dolphin set in the morning: the North Wind, the North, and the South Wind clash, and rains occur. Fourteenth. The turning and the middle of winter. Thirteenth. The North Wind and the South Wind blow; the middle of Cancer sets; Aquarius begins to emerge. Twelfth. Aquarius entirely emerges; the Southwest Wind blows, and it rains. Eleventh. The Lyre sets with Cancer, and it rains in the evening. Tenth. The North Wind blows with rain. Ninth. The day is wintry; the North Wind and the Southeast Wind blow more violently. Eighth. A more disturbed storm; the same winds blow. Seventh. The day is wintry; the same winds blow; the Lyre begins to set.

vi. A bright star in the Lion's breast begins to set; the Lyre sets in the evening; the North Wind blows, and it sometimes rains. v. A clash of winds with snows. iv. The Dolphin begins to set. iii. The Lyre, around the first hour, begins to set with part of itself; the North Wind blows violently with rain. pr. Rains mixed with snows fall. 31st. February. Kalends. An obscure star appears; the South Wind and the Southeast Wind blow. The Lyre begins to set. iv. The air is thick; the West Wind begins to blow. iii. The middle of the Lion sets with the Lyre; the North Winds and the North Wind blow. pr. The Dolphin sets; the South Wind becomes more violent in the evening, and it rains. Nones. Orion's Belt emerges; the air is turbulent with the blowing of the West Wind. viii. The Lyre sets, and the West Wind blows from the west. vii. The beginning of spring; the West Wind blows. vi. The West Wind and the North Wind blow. v. An obscure star; Aquarius emerges. iv. The North Wind blows with the West Wind; sometimes it also rains.

iii. The east wind blows, and Arcturus rises. A clash and battle of winds. The same day. Sagittarius sets in the evening; a harsh storm. xvi. Crater rises in the evening, and with the winds shifting, the south wind prevails. xv. The sun is in Pisces; it winters and... xiv. The north wind blows together with the south wind. A new sun. xiii. Virgo sets next to Gemini. The south wind blows together with the west wind and the north wind. xii. The mast sets in the evening. The west wind blows, and Virgo begins to set. xi. The north wind and the south wind blow; the mast is hidden. x. The rainy north wind blows. Leo sets. The winds called Chelidonian north winds begin, and blow for four days. Swallows appear. ix. Arcturus begins to set around the first watch; the west wind blows, and the night is cloudy. viii. The days called Halcyon days. vii. The northwest wind and the north wind blow together. vi. Aquarius begins to rise, and it rains. v. Arcturus emerges, and it rains. iv. Arcturus rises in the morning.

iii. The mast sets in the evening. PR. The west wind blows late. It is a spring day. XXVIII. MARCH. K. The south wind and the Africus blow together. vi. Vindemiator begins to appear. The cold north wind blows. Arcturus sets in the morning. v. The sky is cloudy, and it rains. Arcturus emerges with the sun raised, and the north wind blows. iv. Arcturus emerges similarly. iii. Arcturus emerges during the day. PRe. The north wind blows, the sky is cloudy. NON. The Horse sets in the morning, and the north wind blows. Corona is hidden in the morning, rains of water from the sky. viii. Sea birds begin to appear. The north wind and the Septentriones blow. It is the beginning of spring. The sun occupies half of Pisces. The Horse sets. vii. The kite begins to appear, the south wind blows, and the Fish begins to be hidden on its back in the morning. vi. The Horse sets in the morning. The kite descends from on high. Vindemiator sets. Arcturus, however, emerges, and the cold north wind blows.

v. The departure of winter, and the change of the North Wind to the North. iv. The Fish ceases to rise from its back. The North Wind or the South Wind blows. Hi. The ship Argo emerges in the evening. The West Wind and the South Wind blow, and it is a wintry day in the tail of Leo. PR. The North Wind blows throughout the entire day. ID. The Horse sets, and the cold North Wind blows. xvii. The Sun in Aries. The West Wind blows widely. The stork appears and crosses the sea. xvi. Unsteady winds. The North Wind blows. xv. The South Wind blows. The kite appears at dawn. xiv. The clear North Wind blows. xiii. The Horse sets in the morning. The North Wind or the North Wind blows. xii. Aries rises on its side. It rains or snows. xi. Cancer rises from its back. The South Wind blows. x. The equinox; it rains, sometimes it thunders. ix. The North Winds and the North Wind blow. The Horse sets in the morning. viii. The Fishes rise from their backs; nothing mixed with rain falls. Aries rises in the morning with the sea; disturbance of the air.

vii. The vernal equinox; it rains, and sometimes it also thunders. vi. Night and day become equal. v. Scorpius sets: a violent wind blows, and mingles rains with thunder. iv. Scorpius sets. The North Wind blows rainy. iii. The South Wind blows and it rains. PR. Storms of winds; and it often rains. 31st. APRIL. K. Scorpius sets: the sun adds one part to the day. The sky is cloudy with the North Wind blowing: the Vergiliae begin to rise and to be foretold. iv. Cloudy air throughout all lands. iii. The Vergiliae set in the evening. PR. The Africus Wind blows. NON. The Favonius Wind blows. viii. The Suculae emerge: and rains are rolled down from the South. vii. The South Wind blows, and the remainder of the Vergiliae sets. vi. The Favonius Wind begins to blow in the morning: the Vergiliae set. v. Southern storms. iv. The North Wind blows vehemently, the evening is rainy. iii. Cold winds blow, and it rains. PR. The Suculae are hidden.

Id. The North Wind blows; the Little Bear rises. xviii. A dark star, and winds, and rains. xvii. The Hyades set: cold winds blow; Perseus rises. xvi. The Hyades set: the West Wind blows. xv. The Sun in Taurus; the Hyades are hidden. xiv. The Southwest Wind blows. xiii. The Hyades set completely. The Southwest Wind blows in the evening. xii. The West Wind blows. xi. The head of Taurus sets, and it rains. x. The Pleiades rise: the West Wind blows. ix. A ridiculous thing appears around the first torch. viii. The Lyre is seen, and it rains. vii. The Little Bear emerges: spring has ended. vi. The Hyades set completely, and the turning of spring. v. The South Wind blows. iv. A southerly day, and rain. iii. The Kids rise: the South Wind blows in the morning. PR, The Dog is hidden in the evening: the air is disturbed by the South Wind, and the North Wind mingles with it. XXX. MAY. K. The Dog is hidden; dews descend. vi. The Hyades rise with the Sun. v. The Centaur appears entirely: the West Wind blows.

iv. Scorpius emerges upward; the North Wind blows; and dews fall. iii. The Lyre rises in the morning. PR. Half of Scorpius sets. NON. The Pleiades rise in the morning, and the West Wind blows. viii. The beginning of summer; the West Wind prevails. vii. The West Wind blows in the same manner. vi. The Lyre rises. The Hyades set. The head of Taurus appears. v. The Pleiades appear. iv. The Pleiades rise. The South Wind blows. iii. The Hyades set. The winds are southerly. PR. Scorpius sets, and the Lyre rises in the morning. ID. Cancer rises; and the South Wind blows. :vii. The beginning of summer. xvi. Procyon, which some call the Little Dog, sets. iv. The Sun in Gemini. xiv. The South Wind blows in the evening. xiii. The Hyades rise, and the North Wind blows. xii. Arcturus sets, and the air is disturbed. xi. Sagittarius sets, and the South Wind blows. x. Gemini rise, and Aquila. ix. The Hyades begin to rise, and it rains.

viii. Capella rises in the morning, and the North Wind blows. vii. Taurus sets. The South Wind and the North Wind blow. vi. The South Wind blows. v. The Lyre rises in the morning: and the South Wind blows. iv. The South Wind blows violently. iii. The Pleiades rise, and rains with thunder occur. PB. A harsh storm, the air is wintry: great thunders are stirred up in the evening. XXXI. JUNE. K. The whole of the Suculae emerge: the South Wind blows. iv. The North Wind rises: a sharp storm, and the West Wind blows. iii. Southern gales with thunders. PR. The South Wind blows, and it rains. NON. The North Wind rises; the South Wind blows, and it rains. viii. The North Wind blows, and it rains. vii. Arcturus sets in the morning: the West Wind blows. vi. The Dolphin begins to emerge: Arcturus sets. v. The North Wind blows, and it rains moderately. iv. Rainy air with thunders, and a Southern day. iii. Turbulent sky with thunders. PR. The West Wind or the Northwest Wind blows, and it thunders. ID. The Dolphin emerges: the South Wind blows.

xviii. The shoulders of Orion are raised, and the beginning of summer. vii. An obscure star. Favonius and Auster blow. xvi. A disturbance of the air and blasts of Aquilo. xv. Favonius blows together with Auster. The shoulders of Orion appear. xiv. The Sun in Cancer. Orion rises in the morning. xiii. Auster and Favonius blow; it rains and thunders. xii. Serpentarius sets in the morning. xi. Auster blows together with Aquilo. x. The rising of Orion. ix. The rising of an obscure star, and an intensification of the heats. viii. The summer solstice, and a momentary disturbance of the air. vii. Africus and Favonius blow together. vi. The shortest night. Orion rises. v. It rains in the evening. Canis begins to appear. iv. A conflict of winds. iii. Canis rises in the morning. The belt of Orion appears. ii. Arcturus sets in the morning, and a tempering of the air. i. XXX. JULIUS. K. The air is disturbed by Aquilo. vi. An obscure star: Auster blows, or Favonius.

v. A southerly day, and disturbance of the air. iv. Orion rises, the Stork sets, and Favonius blows. iii. The middle of Cancer rises. PR. The Etesian winds blow, and the North winds with the South wind. NON. The Crown sets in the morning: the South wind blows. viii. Cepheus rises, and a southerly disturbance of the air. vii. Orion entirely emerges. The South wind blows. vi. The forerunners of the Etesian winds blow. v. Rains with thunder, the North wind blows. IV. Orion rises entirely in the morning, and the forerunner winds grow strong. iii. Africus blows turbulently. PRo The North wind blows. ID. The Little Dog rises; the Etesian winds grow strong. xviii. Orion rises, and the North wind blows violently. xvi. The middle of summer, and a day more violent with the North wind's blast. xv. Favonius and sometimes the South wind blow. The Dog rises in the morning, and the Etesian winds grow stronger. xiv. Orion rises. Corus blows, and Orion appears entirely. xiii. The Sun in Leo. Corus blows, and the Dog rises.

xii. The Etesian winds blow together with other winds for twenty-one days. xi. The Forerunner winds blow broadly. x. The whole of Cancer rises with Leo, and Aquila sets. ix. Leo rises with the Sun and with Canis. Cancer sets. viii. Gemini begin to set. Canis emerges, and the winds are from the South. vii. Sandy haze. Aquila sets, Leo rises, the South wind blows. vi. The heat of the Dog Star. v. Intense heats. The Etesian winds blow strongly. iv. The bright star in Leo’s breast rises. The North wind is cold on account of the heat. iii. Autumn fruits begin to appear. Aquila sets in the morning, and the air becomes disturbed. PR. The South wind and the Africus wind blow together. XXXI. AUGUST. K. Aquila sets in the morning, the Africus wind blows, and the heats are burning. iv. Aquila sets, the air is from the South. iii. A southerly day. PR. The middle of Leo rises. The tree appears in this two-day period. The South wind, stormy, blows violently.

NON. The Crown sets. The middle of Leo rises, the South Wind blows violently, and Cranes appear. vii. The Lyre is obscured. A south wind day, hot and sultry. vii. The middle of Orion is hidden, and the day is misty from the South Wind, and hot. vi. Leo rises, the heat is intolerable, the air cloudy: the middle of Orion rises. v. An obscure star. The North Wind blows gently, the heat is moderate. iv. A lunar eclipse is accustomed to fall on this day. The South Wind and the North Wind blow, and the heats are immense. iii. The Lyre sets in the morning. Autumn begins. A confluence of winds occurs. M. A conflict and battle of winds. ID. The Dolphin sets with the Hare. xix. Hot and stifling heats. xviii. An obscure star, and the West Wind blows with the South Wind. xvii. The Dolphin sets in the morning. xvi. The beginning of Autumn. xv. The Lyre sets, and the North Wind blows. xiv. The Dolphin is hidden, the heat is moderate. xiii. The Lyre sets in the morning. The Sun is in Virgo. The South Wind blows, it rains, and it thunders.

xii. The Sun in the whole of Virgo. si. Virgo rises. x. A light North Wind blows, the whole of Virgo rises, and the air is clear. ix. Virgo rises. Aquilo blows. viii. The Etesian winds cease. Aquilo begins to blow more coldly. vii. Delphinus rises, and Auster blows. vi. Vindemiator emerges. Auster and Favonius blow together. v. Virgo begins to appear. iv. A gentle Favonius blows. iii. Virgo rises, Favonius blows softly. PR. Andromeda rises. XXXI. SEPTEMBER. K. Andromeda rises, showers with thunder occur, Vulturnus blows: the winds are unsteady. vi. The Southern Fish is no longer hidden. v. It thunders and rains. iv. Arcturus rises with Vindemiator: Malus is hidden. iii. The domicile of Mercury. Favonius blows: and from the unsteadiness of the winds, showers fall. PR. Equus rises. NON. Capella emerges: Africus blows in the evening, and it rains. viii. Arcturus appears: Aquilo blows, and sometimes it thunders.

vii. The middle of Virgo rises. The West Wind blows with the Southwest Wind. vi. The same state of the air. v. The same state of the air. iv. Arcturus rises. iii. When Arcturus rises, rains fall. PR. The Pleiades rise with the Horse. ID. Swallows are not seen: Capella rises, and it rains. xvi. The Duodecatemorion, that is, the twelfth part of autumn begins. xv. The West Wind blows gently with the Southwest Wind. xiv. The Fish rises, and the North Wind sets. xiii. The Sun in Libra: Crater appears: the knot of Aratus is seen in the morning. xii. When Arcturus rises, copious rains fall. xi. The autumnal equinox, and the Fishes set. x. Argo sets: disturbance of the rainy air. ii. The Fishes set: southerly rains flow: disturbances of the air and winds, and storms of the sea. viii. A lunar eclipse falls on this day. Centaurus rises. vii. The air becomes cloudy and turbulent. vi. The Goats rise: and the South Wind blows violently.

v. Virgo ceases to rise. The Pleiades appear in the morning and evening; the Kids rise with the Sun; strong winds and storms at sea occur. iv. The South Wind blows violently; dreadful tempests. iii. The Pleiades are seen in the morning, and the rainy South Wind blows. PR. Capella rises until the evening setting of the Pleiades. XXX. October. K. The Pleiades begin to appear in the east; the South Wind blows in the morning. iv. The same southerly winds; and the rising of the Pleiades. iii. Heniochus, that is, the Charioteer sets, and it thunders from the north. PR. The Kids rise, and it rains. NON. Corona rises, and there is a change of summer. viii. The middle of Aries sets with Scorpius. vii. The same signification as the previous. vi. Corona rises with the Kids; the air is disturbed. v. The Kids rise with the Pleiades, and Africus blows. iv. Libra begins to rise, Favonius blows. iii. Corona rises in the morning; the winds change, and the sea becomes rough in winter.

The Pleiades rise, and the South Wind blows. The Crown emerges: a change in the air, and a disturbance occurs. xix. A vast North Wind blows. xviii. The middle of autumn, and the South Wind blows. xvii. Orion rises, and the air is dewy. xvi. The same signification as the preceding. xv. A gloomy and cloudy day. xiv. The Sun in Scorpius, and the West Wind blows. xiii. The Pleiades set: and there is a disturbance of the air. xii. The same signification as the preceding, but it also rains. xi. The tail of Taurus sets, and the rainy South Wind blows. x. Scorpius sets: the North Wind blows: a dreadful storm at sea. ix. The Pleiades set. viii. Centaurus sets in the morning. vii. Half the tail of Scorpius sets. vi. The Hyades set: the cold North Wind blows, and a harsh winter at sea. v. The Pleiades and Orion set completely. iv. Arcturus is hidden: and violent winds blow. iii. Cassiopeia begins to be hidden. Before: Orion and Aquila set completely in the evening, and Lyra rises.

XXXI. NOVEMBER. Kalends. The Pleiades set: frost falls in the morning: Arcturus is hidden: and the air turns toward cold. iv. Cold winds blow, and it rains. iii. The Lyre rises in the morning, and the North Wind blows. Pridie. The South Wind and the West Wind blow, and rainstorms occur. Nones. The Lyre appears at sunrise: the North Wind blows. viii. Arcturus sets in the morning, and the air is foggy. vii. The Pleiades and Orion are hidden: the North Wind blows. vi. The air is turbulent and troublesome. v. The bright star of Scorpius, and the winter solstice. iv. The beginning of winter. iii. The Pleiades are hidden. Pridie. The middle star of Scorpius emerges. Ides. The Pleiades and Orion set in the morning. xviii. Scorpius sets in the morning. xvii. The Lyre rises in the morning: the Southeast Wind, the South Wind, and the North Wind blow simultaneously. xvi. The same meaning as the preceding. xv. A stormy day: and the South Wind arrives. xiv. The Sun in Sagittarius: Orion rises with the Lyre, and a storm of the air occurs.

xiii. The horn of Taurus sets with the Sun, and the North Wind blows. xii. A harsh storm. xi. The Suculae set with the Hare in the morning. x. Cold rain falls. ix. The horns of Taurus set. viii. The beginning of winter: cold begins, and freezing dews fall. vii. The Sun in the first part of Sagittarius. vi. The same signification as the preceding. v. Canis sets: southerly days, and it rains. iv. Canis begins to be hidden, and the air is cloudy. iii. Canis sets in the morning, and with the Africus blowing it rains. PR. Orion sets. The Favonius blows, and with the Auster blowing it rains. XXX. DECEMBER. K. Disturbance of the air: the North Wind blows, and the whole of Orion sets in the morning. iv. Canis sets: in the evening the North Wind blows. iii. A stormy day with clouds. PRe Sagittarius sets, and the North Wind blows. NON. It rains all day, and the North Wind blows. viii. The middle of Scorpius emerges. vii. The North Wind rises, and the Africus blows.

vi. Scorpius entirely emerges. v. Canis rises in the morning, and the South Wind blows. iv. A violent North Wind blows; the sky becomes dark with storms. iii. An obscure star: the North Wind and Caecias blow. ii. The North Wind blows first; a heavy and rainy South Wind follows. i. The whole of Scorpius rises: the South Wind and North Wind blow, and it rains. xix. Capella sets. xviii. The South Wind and North Wind blow, and a disturbance of the air occurs. xvii. The same signification as the preceding. xvi. The Sun in Capricornus. xv. An obscure star, and a gathering and battle of winds. xiv. Capella rises. xiii. The North Wind rises with Capricornus. xii. The North Wind begins to blow; the South Wind, coming upon it, holds the entire day. xi. Aquila rises in the evening. x. Capella emerges in the morning. The remainder is missing.