Merrom, aquae ad quas, exercitu praeparato, castra sunt posita. Est autem nunc vicus Merrus nomine in duodecimo milliario urbis Sebastae juxta Dothaim.
Massephothmaim, pro quo Aquila, Massephoth aquae: Symmachus, Massephoth maris, interpretati sunt.
Machathi, urbs Amorrhaeorum super Jordanem juxta montem Aermon, de qua exterminare non valuerunt filii Israel Machathaeum.
Marom, et hanc cepit Jesus, rege illius interfecto. (Posita est et supra Marrus.)
Mageddo (et hanc cepit Jesus, rege illius interfecto): quae cum cecidisset in sortem tribus Manasse, nequaquam possedit eam, quia pristinos habitatores nequivit expellere.
Misor: pro quo Aquila et Symmachus, humilem interpretati sunt. Est autem civitas tribus Ruben, separata Levitis in regione Gebalena.
Medaba, usque hodie urbs Arabiae, antiquum nomen retinens juxta Esebon.
Maphaath, in tribu Benjamin. Sed et alia est trans Jordanem, in qua praesidium Romanorum militum sedet propter viciniam solitudinis.
Merrom, the waters by which, after the army had been made ready, the camp was pitched. It is now a village called Merrus, at the twelfth milestone from the city of Sebaste, near Dothaim.
Massephothmaim, for which Aquila rendered Massephoth of waters, and Symmachus Massephoth of the sea.
Machathi, a city of the Amorites beyond the Jordan near Mount Aermon, from which the children of Israel were unable to drive out the Machathite.
Marom, and this too Jesus captured, after killing its king. (It has also been placed above as Marrus.)
Mageddo (and this too Jesus captured, after killing its king): when it had fallen to the lot of the tribe of Manasseh, they by no means possessed it, because they could not drive out its former inhabitants.
Misor: for which Aquila and Symmachus rendered "the lowly one." It is a city of the tribe of Reuben, set apart for the Levites in the region of Gebalene.
Medaba, to this day a city of Arabia, retaining its ancient name, near Esebon.
Maphaath, in the tribe of Benjamin. But there is also another beyond the Jordan, in which a garrison of Roman soldiers is stationed because of the nearness of the wilderness.
Masapha, in tribu Gad, separata Levitis. Est autem et alia nunc Maspha, in finibus Eleutheropoleos contra septentrionem pergentibus AEliam, pertinens ad tribum Judae.
Maanaim in tribu Gad, separata Levitis, in regione Galaaditide.
Moladab 1, in tribu Judae sive Symeonis. Medemena, in tribu Judae, cujus meminit Isaias: et nunc est Manois oppidum juxta civitatem Gazam.
Magdala, in tribu Juda.
Maresa, in tribu Juda; cujus nunc tantummodo sunt ruinae in secundo lapide Eleutheropoleos.
Maon, in tribu Juda, contra solis ortum Daromae.
Maroth, in tribu Juda.
Maddi, in tribu Juda.
Masfa, in tribu Benjamin.
Machoth, in tribu Manasse.
Marala, ascensus Zabulon 2.
Masan, in tribu Aser, juxta Carmelum ad mare. civitas separata Levitis.
Mare Salinarum, quod vocatur Mortuum, sive mare Asphalti, id est, bituminis, inter Jericho et Zoaram.
Masapha, in the tribe of Gad, set apart for the Levites. But there is also another Maspha now, in the territory of Eleutheropolis, for those going north toward Aelia, belonging to the tribe of Judah.
Maanaim, in the tribe of Gad, set apart for the Levites, in the region of Gilead.
Moladab, in the tribe of Judah or of Simeon. Medemena, in the tribe of Judah, of which Isaiah makes mention; and now it is the town of Manois beside the city of Gaza.
Magdala, in the tribe of Judah.
Maresa, in the tribe of Judah; of which there are now only ruins, at the second milestone from Eleutheropolis.
Maon, in the tribe of Judah, toward the rising of the sun from Daroma.
Maroth, in the tribe of Judah.
Maddi, in the tribe of Judah.
Masfa, in the tribe of Benjamin.
Machoth, in the tribe of Manasseh.
Marala, the ascent of Zebulun.
Masan, in the tribe of Asher, near Carmel by the sea, a city set apart for the Levites.
The Sea of Salt, which is called the Dead Sea, or the Sea of Asphalt, that is, of bitumen, between Jericho and Zoara.
Meeleb terminus Nephthalim.
Magdiel, in tribu Nephthalim, et hodieque parvus vicus ostenditur in quinto milliario Dorae, pergentibus Ptolemaidem.
Mons Olivarum, ad orientem Jerusalem, in quo discipulos erudiebat Jesus.
DE LIBRO JUDICUM.
Mosphetaim: pro quo Aquila interpretatur, sortium: Symmachus, viciniarum.
More, nomen est collis (de quo in libris Hebraicarum Quoestionum plenius disputatum est).
Mennith, ubi Jephte praeliatus est: nunc autem ostenditur Manith villa in quarto lapide Esbus pergentibus Philadelphiam.
Machmas, usque hodie vicus grandis ostenditur in finibus ΛEliae, antiquum nomen retinens, novem ab ea millibus distans juxta villam Rama.
DE REGNORUM LIBRIS.
Messab, hostile oppidum juxta Gaba.
Magdon, sive Magron, ubi sedit Saul.
Massepha, in Moab, ad quam profugus David, cum Saulis insidias declinaret, venit.
Meeleb, a boundary of Naphtali.
Magdiel, in the tribe of Naphtali, and today a small village is shown at the fifth milestone from Dora, for those going to Ptolemais.
The Mount of Olives, to the east of Jerusalem, on which Jesus taught his disciples.
FROM THE BOOK OF JUDGES.
Mosphetaim: for which Aquila translates "of lots"; Symmachus, "of neighboring women."
More, the name of a hill (about which there has been fuller discussion in the books of Hebrew Questions).
Mennith, where Jephthah fought: but now Manith is shown as a country estate at the fourth milestone from Esbus, for those going to Philadelphia.
Machmas, to this day a large village is shown within the borders of Aelia, retaining its ancient name, nine miles distant from it, near the village of Rama.
FROM THE BOOKS OF KINGS.
Messab, a hostile town near Gaba.
Magdon, or Magron, where Saul sat.
Massepha, in Moab, to which David came as a fugitive when he was avoiding Saul's ambushes.
Masereth, in qua sedit David, nunc deserta: pro quo Aquila interpretatur, munitiones: Symmachus, refugia: Theodotio, speluncas.
Masbach, hostilis civitas regis Adrazar.
Mela, id est, Gemela: quam Aquila et Symmachus transferunt, vallem Salis (diximus de hac et supra).
Maacha, regio regis Gesur.
Modeim 3, vicus juxta Diospolim, unde fuerunt Macchabaei: quorum hodieque ibidem sepulcra monstrantur; satis itaque miror, quomodo Antiochiae eorum reliquias ostendunt, aut quo hoc certo auctore sit creditum.
Mabsar Tyri: pro quo Aquila et Symmachus interpretantur munitam Tyrum.
Magau, urbs quam aedificavit Salomon.
Meeber: pro quo Aquila transtulit Symmachus,, id est, trans vel de contra.
Maces, urbs unius principum Salomonis.
Mello, civitas quam aedificavit Salomon. (Porro Symmachus et Theodotio, adimpletionem transtulerunt 4. Et de hac in libris Hebraicarum Quoestionum plenius dicitur).
Masereth, in which David dwelt, now deserted: for which Aquila translates "strongholds," Symmachus "refuges," Theodotion "caves."
Masbach, a hostile city of King Adrazar.
Mela, that is, Gemela: which Aquila and Symmachus translate as "the Valley of Salt" (we have spoken of this above as well).
Maacha, the region of King Geshur.
Modeim, a village near Diospolis, from which the Maccabees came: whose tombs are shown there even today; and so I wonder greatly how they display their relics at Antioch, or on what certain authority this has been believed.
Mabsar Tyri: for which Aquila and Symmachus translate as "fortified Tyre."
Magau, a city that Solomon built.
Meeber: for which Aquila translated, Symmachus, that is, "across" or "over against."
Maces, a city of one of Solomon's princes.
Mello, a city that Solomon built. (Furthermore Symmachus and Theodotion translated it as "completion." And concerning this it is said more fully in the books of Hebrew Questions.)
Maedam, civitas quam aedificavit Salomon.
Memphis, civitas AEgypti, cujus Osee, et Ezechiel, et Jeremias, prophetae recordantur; sed et Judaei, qui cum Jeremia de Hierosolymis profugi exierant, habitaverunt in Memphis.
Machaas, in Osee, pro quo Aquila et Symmachus, concupiscentias interpretantur.
Miletus, civitas Asiae, de qua Ezechiel scribit.
Mariboth, cujus meminit Ezechiel dicens: Usque ad aquam Mariboth (Ezech. XLVIII, 28, juxta LXX), pro quo Aquila, lites: Symmachus, jurgia vel contradictiones interpretantur.
Morasthi, unde fuit Micheas propheta. Est autem vicus contra orientem Eleutheropoleos.
Masagam, regio Moabitarum, ut scribit Jeremias.
Misor, regio Moab, juxta Jeremiam.
Mophath, regio Moabitarum: sicut in Jeremia legimus. Posita est autem et supra Memphrua. Maon, regio Moabitarum, juxta Jeremiam.
Melchom, idolum Ammonitarum, sicut scribit Jeremias.
Maedam, the city that Solomon built.
Memphis, a city of Egypt, which the prophets Hosea, Ezekiel, and Jeremiah mention; but also the Jews who had fled from Jerusalem with Jeremiah and gone out as fugitives lived in Memphis.
Machaas, in Hosea, for which Aquila and Symmachus translate "desires."
Miletus, a city of Asia, about which Ezekiel writes.
Mariboth, which Ezekiel mentions, saying: "As far as the water of Mariboth" (Ezek. 48:28, according to the Septuagint), for which Aquila translates "strifes," Symmachus "quarrels" or "contradictions."
Morasthi, from which the prophet Micah came. It is a village opposite the east of Eleutheropolis.
Masagam, a region of the Moabites, as Jeremiah writes.
Misor, a region of Moab, according to Jeremiah.
Mophath, a region of the Moabites, as we read in Jeremiah. It is also situated above Memphis. Maon, a region of the Moabites, according to Jeremiah.
Melchom, the idol of the Ammonites, as Jeremiah writes.
Magedan 1, ad cujus fines Matthaeus evangelista scribit, Dominum pervenisse; sed et Marcus ejusdem nominis recordatur: nunc autem regio dicitur Magedena, circa Gerasam·
DE QUINQUE MOSIS LIBRIS.
Naid 2, terra in qua habitavit Cain, vertitur autem in salum, id est, motum sive fluctuationem.
Nineve, urbs Assyriorum, quam aedificavit Assur egrediens de terra Senaar. Est et alia usque hodie civitas Judaeorum nomine Nineve in angulo Arabiae (quam nunc correpte Nineve vocant 3).
Naaliel, juxta Arnonem castra filiorum Israel.
Nabau (quod Hebraice dicitur Nebo), mons supra Jordanem contra Jerichum in terra Moab, ubi Moses mortuus est: et usque hodie ostenditur in sexto milliario urbis Esbus contra orientalem plagam 4.
Nabo, civitas filiorum Ruben in regione Galaad: cujus meminit, Isaias in visione contra Moab, et Jeremias. Est vero et cujusdam viri vocabulum Nabau, qui Caan (Chanaath), et caeteros vicos, qui circum eam erant, ex suo nomine nuncupavit Naboth (Nobe). Sed et usque hodie ostenditur desertus locus Naba, distans a civitate Esbus millibus octo contra meridianam plagam.
Magedan, to whose borders the evangelist Matthew writes that the Lord came; but Mark also records the same name: now, however, the region is called Magedena, around Gerasa.
CONCERNING THE FIVE BOOKS OF MOSES.
Naid, the land in which Cain lived; it is translated as salt, that is, motion or fluctuation.
Nineveh, a city of the Assyrians, which Assur built when he went out from the land of Shinar. There is also another city of the Jews even to this day, by the name of Nineveh, in a corner of Arabia (which they now call, corruptly, Nineve).
Naaliel, near the Arnon, the camp of the children of Israel.
Nabau (which in Hebrew is called Nebo), a mountain above the Jordan opposite Jericho in the land of Moab, where Moses died; and even to this day it is shown at the sixth milestone from the city of Esbus, toward the east.
Nabo, a city of the children of Reuben in the region of Gilead; Isaiah mentions it in his vision against Moab, and Jeremiah. But Nabau is also the name of a certain man, who called Caan (Chanaath) and the other villages that were around it, after his own name, Naboth (Nobe). And even to this day a deserted place called Naba is shown, eight miles from the city of Esbus, toward the south.
Negeb, Auster: apud Hebraeos Nageb dicitur, quod Symmachus interpretatur, meridiem. (Sciendum autem quod eadem plaga apud Hebraeos tribus vocabulis appellatur, Nageb, Theman, Darom, quod nos possumus Austrum, Africum, et Meridiem, sive Eurum interpretari.)
LIBRO JESU.
Nepheddor (quod Symmachus interpretatur maritimam 5); Dor autem est oppidum jam desertum in nono milliario Caesareae 6, pergentibus Ptolemaidem.
Naftho, nomen fontis in tribu Benjamin.
Naama, civitas tribus Judae.
Neesib, in tribu Juda, quae nunc vocatur Nasibi, in septimo milliario Eleutheropoleos pergentibus Chebron.
Nepsam in tribu Juda.
Naaratha, in tribu Ephraim, et nunc est Naorath villula Judaeorum, in quinto milliario Jerichus.
Napheth, in tribu Manasse·
Naalol, in tribu Zabulon, civitas separata Levitis.
Neceb, in tribu Nephthalim.
DE LIBRO JUDICUM.
Negeb, the south: among the Hebrews it is called Nageb, which Symmachus translates as midday. (It should be known, however, that the same region is called among the Hebrews by three terms—Nageb, Theman, Darom—which we may translate as the south, the southwest, and the meridian, or the east.)
FROM THE BOOK OF JESUS.
Nepheddor (which Symmachus translates as "maritime"); but Dor is a town now deserted, at the ninth milestone from Caesarea, for those going to Ptolemais.
Naftho, the name of a spring in the tribe of Benjamin.
Naama, a city of the tribe of Judah.
Neesib, in the tribe of Judah, which is now called Nasibi, at the seventh milestone from Eleutheropolis, for those going to Chebron.
Nepsam, in the tribe of Judah.
Naaratha, in the tribe of Ephraim, and now it is Naorath, a small village of the Jews, at the fifth milestone from Jericho.
Napheth, in the tribe of Manasseh.
Naalol, in the tribe of Zebulun, a city set apart for the Levites.
Neceb, in the tribe of Naphtali.
FROM THE BOOK OF JUDGES.
Neela, de hac alienigenas Zabulon non valuit expellere. Est hodieque in regione Batanaea viculus nomine Neila.
Nabbe, sive Nobba, ad quam ascendit Gedeon, urbs sacerdotibus separata, quam postea legimus Saulis furore subversam.
Nemra, civitas tribus Ruben in terra Galaad: et usque ad praesens vicos grandis Namara, in regione Batanaea.
DE REGNORUM LIBRIS.
Navioth, locus in Rama, ubi sedit David (et de hoc in libris Hebraicarum Quoestionum diximus).
Nachon, area Nachon: pro quo Aquila interpretatur, area praeparata.
Nephath, civitas unius principum Salomonis.
Nerigel, et hanc exstruxerunt in regione Judaea Samaritani, qui de Babylonia sunt profecti.
Nezab, quam condiderunt Evaei in terra Judaea.
Nazareth, idolum Assyriorum.
Nemerim, cujus meminit Isaias in visione contra Moab, et Jeremias: nunc autem est vicus nomine Bennamarim ad septentrionalem plagam Zoarae.
Neelah: from this place the foreigners of Zebulun were unable to drive out [the inhabitants]. There is even today in the region of Batanaea a small village named Neila.
Nabbe, or Nobba, to which Gideon went up, a city set apart for the priests, which we read was later overthrown by the fury of Saul.
Nemra, a city of the tribe of Reuben in the land of Gilead: and to the present day there are large villages called Namara in the region of Batanaea.
ON THE BOOKS OF KINGDOMS.
Navioth, a place in Ramah, where David sat (and we have spoken of this in the books of Hebrew Questions).
Nachon, the threshing floor of Nachon: for which Aquila translates "a prepared threshing floor."
Nephath, a city of one of Solomon's officials.
Nerigel: this too the Samaritans, who had set out from Babylonia, built in the region of Judea.
Nezab, which the Evites founded in the land of Judea.
Nazareth, an idol of the Assyrians.
Nemerim, which Isaiah mentions in his vision against Moab, and Jeremiah: but now it is a village named Bennamarim to the northern side of Zoara.
Nebeoth, regio de qua scribit Isaias.
DE EVANGELIIS.
Nazareth: unde et Dominus noster atque Salvator Nazareus vocatus est: sed et nos apud veteres quasi opprobrio Nazarei dicebamur, quos nunc Christianos vocant. Est autem usque hodie in Galilaea viculus contra Legionem, in quintodecimo ejus milliario ad orientalem plagam juxta montem Thabor (nomine Nazara).
Naim, oppidulum, in quo filium viduae a mortuis Dominus suscitavit, et usque hodie in secundo milliario Thabor montis ostenditur, contra meridiem juxta AEndor.
DE GENESI.
Orech, civitas regni Nemrod in Babylone·
Oolibama, civitas principum Edom.
Odollam, diximus de hoc et supra, cujus meminit et Isaias.
DE EXODO.
Oothon, ubi secundo filii Israel castrametati sunt, egredientes de Soccoth juxta desertum, quando de AEgypto profecti sunt.
DE LIBRO JESU.
Opher, hane cepit Jesus, rege illius interfecto.
Nebeoth, the region of which Isaiah writes.
FROM THE GOSPELS.
Nazareth: whence also our Lord and Savior was called the Nazarene; but we too among the ancients were called Nazarenes, as it were, by way of reproach, whom now they call Christians. There is even today in Galilee a small village over against Legion, at its fifteenth milestone toward the eastern quarter, next to Mount Tabor (by name Nazara).
Naim, a small town, in which the Lord raised the widow's son from the dead, and even today it is shown at the second milestone from Mount Tabor, toward the south, next to AEndor.
FROM GENESIS.
Orech, a city of the kingdom of Nimrod in Babylon.
Oolibama, a city of the princes of Edom.
Odollam, we have spoken of this above as well, of which Isaiah also makes mention.
FROM EXODUS.
Oothon, where the children of Israel encamped the second time, going out from Soccoth next to the desert, when they had set out from Egypt.
FROM THE BOOK OF JESUS.
Opher, this Jesus captured, after its king had been killed.
Ooli, civitas in tribu Aser.
Ophra, via Ophra, ducens ad terram Soal.
Hucusque per O brevem litteram legimus: exin per extensum legamus elementum.
DE PENTATEUCHO.
On, urbs in AEgypto, quae Heliopolis Graece dicitur, id est civitas solis, quam aedificaverunt filii Israel, sicut Septuaginta interpretes arbitrantur. Alioquin in Hebraicis voluminibus non habetur. Et recte: siquidem antequam Jacob ingrederetur AEgyptum, erat exstructa jam civitas, quae et sacerdotem habuit Petefrem, patrem Aseneth.
Or, mons in quo mortuus est Aaron, juxta civitatem Petram, ubi usque ad praesentem diem ostenditur rupes, qua percussa, Moses aquas populo dedit.
Oboth, in deserto castra filiorum Israel.
DE JESU ET REGNORUM LIBRIS.
Osa, in tribu Aser.
Oram, in tribu Nephthalim.
Ophir, unde sicut in Regnorum libris legimus, aurum afferebatur Salomoni. Fuit autem unus de posteris Heber, nomine Ophir, ex cujus stirpe venientes a fluvio Cophene, usque ad regionem Indiae, quae vocatur Hieria, habitasse, refert Josechus, a quo puto et regionem vocabulum consecutam.
Ooli, a city in the tribe of Asher.
Ophra, the way of Ophra, leading to the land of Soal.
Thus far we have read through the short letter O; from here let us read through the extended form of the letter.
FROM THE PENTATEUCH.
On, a city in Egypt, which in Greek is called Heliopolis, that is, the city of the sun, which the children of Israel built, as the seventy translators hold. Otherwise it is not found in the Hebrew volumes. And rightly so: since before Jacob entered Egypt, the city had already been built, which also had as its priest Potiphar, the father of Aseneth.
Or, the mountain on which Aaron died, near the city of Petra, where to the present day the rock is shown which, when struck, Moses gave water to the people.
Oboth, a camp of the children of Israel in the desert.
FROM THE BOOKS OF JESUS AND OF THE KINGDOMS.
Osa, in the tribe of Asher.
Oram, in the tribe of Naphtali.
Ophir, whence, as we read in the Books of the Kingdoms, gold was brought to Solomon. Now there was one of the descendants of Heber, by name Ophir, from whose stock those coming from the river Cophene are reported by Josephus to have dwelt as far as the region of India which is called Hieria; from him I think the region also received its name.
On, civitas Samariae, pro qua in Hebraico scriptum est aun ( ), quod et Aquila et Symmachus interpretantur, inutile; Theodotion, iniquitatem.
Ocho, civitas sacerdotalis.
Oronaim, urbs Moabitarum, sicut in Jeremia scriptum est.
DE GENESI.
Puteus juramenti, quem fodit Abraham, id est, Bersabee, in regione Geraritica. Diximus de hoc et supra.
Puteus visionis, in deserto, apud quem habitavit Isaac.
Puteus judicii, usque in praesentem diem in regione Geraritica. Vocatur autem nomine Berdan (quod Latine dicitur Puteus ju-
dicii). Puteus juramenti, ubi juraverunt Isaac et Abimelech, vocaturque oppidum Isaac. Sunt autem et alii plures putei in sanctis Scripturis, qui hodieque in Geraritica regione et juxta Ascalonem demon· strantur.
Petra, civitas Arabiae in terra Edom, quae cognominata est Jectael, et a Syris Recem dicitur. • · · ·
On, a city of Samaria, for which in Hebrew is written aun, which both Aquila and Symmachus translate as "useless"; Theodotion, as "iniquity."
Ocho, a priestly city.
Oronaim, a city of the Moabites, as is written in Jeremiah.
FROM GENESIS.
The Well of the Oath, which Abraham dug, that is, Beersheba, in the region of Gerar. We have spoken of this above as well.
The Well of Vision, in the desert, beside which Isaac lived.
The Well of Judgment, which remains to the present day in the region of Gerar. It is called by the name Berdan (which in Latin is called the Well of Judgment). The Well of the Oath, where Isaac and Abimelech swore, and it is called the town of Isaac. There are also many other wells in the Holy Scriptures, which are shown even today in the region of Gerar and near Ascalon.
Petra, a city of Arabia in the land of Edom, which was surnamed Jectael, and by the Syrians is called Recem.
DE PENTATEUCHO.
Rooboth, civitas Assyriorum, quam aedificavit Assur egrediens de terra Sennaar (et de hac in libris Hebraicarum Quoestionum plenius diximus).
Rooboth, urbs alia Juxta fluvium ubi erat rex Edom, et usque hodie est praesidium in regione Gabalena (et vicus grandis qui hoc vocabulo nuncupatur).
Ramesse, urbs quam aedificaverunt filii Israel in AEgypto: olim autem et universa provincia sic vocabatur, in qua habitavit Jacob una cum liberis suis.
Roob, quam transierunt exploratores, qui ab Jesu filio Nave missi sunt, et usque hodie vicus Rooba in quarto lapide Scythopoleos sic vocatur, qui et Levitis separatus fuit.
Raphaca, in deserto ubi filii Israel castrametati sunt.
Raphidim, locus in deserto juxta montem Choreb, in quo de petra fluxere aquae, cognominatusque est Tentatio: ubi et Jesus adversus Amalec dimicat prope Pharan.
CONCERNING THE PENTATEUCH.
Rooboth, a city of the Assyrians, which Assur built when he came out from the land of Sennaar (and concerning this we have spoken more fully in the books of Hebrew Questions).
Rooboth, another city beside the river where the king of Edom was, and to this day it is a garrison in the region of Gabalena (and a large village which is called by this name now).
Ramesse, the city which the children of Israel built in Egypt; but formerly the whole province also was called by this name, in which Jacob dwelt together with his children.
Roob, which the spies passed through, who were sent by Jesus the son of Nave, and to this day the village of Rooba at the fourth milestone from Scythopolis is so called, which also was set apart for the Levites.
Raphaca, in the desert where the children of Israel encamped.
Raphidim, a place in the desert beside Mount Choreb, in which waters flowed from the rock, and it was surnamed Temptation; where also Jesus fights against Amalec near Pharan.
Rathma (in deserto), castra filiorum Israel.
Remmon Phares, ubi filii Israel castrametati sunt.
Ressa, castra filiorum Israel.
Rammoth, in tribu Gad, civitas sacerdotalis et fugitivorum in terra Galaaditide. Nunc autem est vicus in quinto decimo milliario Philadelphiae contra Orientem 3.
Recem, haec est Petra civitas Arabiae, in qua regnavit Recem 4, quem interfecerunt filii Israel. Dicitur ipse rex quoque Madian.
DE LIBRO JESU.
Remmon, in tribu Simeonis, vel Judae: hodieque est vicus nomine Remmon, juxta AEliam contra Aquilonem in quinto decimo ejus milliario.
Rogel, nomen fontis in tribu Benjamin.
Rama, in tribu Benjamin civitas Saulis in sexto milliario ab AElia ad septentrionalem plagam contra Bethel. Meminit hujus et Jeremias.
Recem, in tribu Benjamin.
Remmon, petra Remmon, in tribu Symeonis sive Zabulon.
Rabboth, in tribu Issachar: est usque hodie alia villa Rebbo in finibus Eleutheropoleos ad solis ortum.
Rathma (in the wilderness), a camp of the children of Israel.
Remmon Phares, where the children of Israel encamped.
Ressa, a camp of the children of Israel.
Rammoth, in the tribe of Gad, a city of the priests and of refuge in the land of Gilead. Now, however, it is a village at the fifteenth milestone from Philadelphia, toward the east.
Recem, this is Petra, a city of Arabia, in which Recem reigned, whom the children of Israel killed. He is said to be the king of Midian as well.
CONCERNING THE BOOK OF JESUS.
Remmon, in the tribe of Simeon, or of Judah: even today there is a village named Remmon, near Aelia, toward the north, at its fifteenth milestone.
Rogel, the name of a spring in the tribe of Benjamin.
Rama, in the tribe of Benjamin, the city of Saul, at the sixth milestone from Aelia toward the northern region, opposite Bethel. Jeremiah also mentions this.
Recem, in the tribe of Benjamin.
Remmon, the rock of Remmon, in the tribe of Simeon or Zebulun.
Rabboth, in the tribe of Issachar: there is even today another village, Rebbo, in the territory of Eleutheropolis, toward the sunrise.
Rethom, in tribu Issachar.
Roob, in tribu Aser, civitas separata Levitis.
Rama, in tribu Aser, usque ad civitatem munitam Tyriorum.
Rama in tribu Nephtalim.
Idcirco eadem nomina viculorum tribubus variis assignantur, quia cum apud nos unum nomen sonare videantur, apud Hebroeos diversis scripta sunt litteris.
Reccath, in tribu Nephthalim
Ruma quae et Aria, ubi sedit Abimelech, sicut in libro Judicum (IX, 41) scriptum est, quae nunc appellatur Remphis. Est autem in finibus Diospoleos, et a plerisque Arimathaea nunc dicitur.
DE REGNORUM LIBRIS.
Remmath, ad quam David praedae partem misit.
Rachel, et ad hanc David spoliorum partem misit.
Remmoth Galaad, villa trans Jordanem juxta fluvium Jaboc. Diximus de hac et supra.
Rabbath, civitas regni Ammon, nunc Philadelphia, cujus meminit Jeremias.
Roos, quam pertransivit David: pro quo Aquila et Symmachus interpretantur, arcem.
Rethom, in the tribe of Issachar.
Roob, in the tribe of Aser, a city set apart for the Levites.
Rama, in the tribe of Aser, as far as the fortified city of the Tyrians.
Rama in the tribe of Naphtali.
Therefore the same names of villages are assigned to various tribes, because although among us they seem to sound as one name, among the Hebrews they are written with different letters.
Reccath, in the tribe of Naphtali.
Ruma, which is also Aria, where Abimelech dwelt, as is written in the book of Judges (IX, 41), which is now called Remphis. It is moreover in the territories of Diospolis, and by most it is now called Arimathaea.
ON THE BOOKS OF THE KINGDOMS.
Remmath, to which David sent a portion of the spoil.
Rachel, and to this David sent a portion of the spoils.
Remmoth Galaad, a town beyond the Jordan next to the river Jaboc. We have spoken of this above as well.
Rabbath, a city of the kingdom of Ammon, now Philadelphia, of which Jeremiah makes mention.
Roos, which David passed through: for which Aquila and Symmachus translate as "citadel.
Rogellim, unde fuit Berzellai Galaadites (amicus David).
Raphaim, vallis Allophylorum ad septentrionalem plagam Jerusalem.
Remmam, civitas regum Syriae juxta Damascum·
Reth, hanc percussit Asa rex.
Rothem, pro quo Aquila interpretatur, id est, juniperum: Symmachus, umbraculum.
Remmon, hujus meminit Isaias in visione contra Moab.
Raseph, civilas Syriae.
Raphet, urbs Assyriorum in regione Theman, de qua in Isaia scribitur.
Rebla, iu terra Emath: unde (victor) Pharao (adductum) Joacha transtulit (in AEgyptum).
Remma, mons in Isaia: pro quo Aquila interpretatur, mons Emmona; Symmachus, in Armenia. Est et villa Remmus in Daroma. Porro in Regnorum libris Remmam, domus dicitur idoli Damasceni.
Reblatha, regio Babyloniorum (sive urbs quam nunc Antiochiam vocant).
Ramale: pro quo Aquila interpretatur, exaltabitur: scriptum est in Zacharia (XIV, 10). Est autem et alius locus in tribu Benjamin juxta Bethleem, de quo dicitur: Vox in Rama audita est (Matth. II, 18). (Et de hoc in libris Hebraicarum Quoestionum plenius dicitur.)
Rogellim, from which came Barzillai the Gileadite (the friend of David).
Raphaim, the valley of the Philistines on the northern side of Jerusalem.
Remmam, a city of the kings of Syria near Damascus.
Reth, this Asa the king struck.
Rothem, for which Aquila translates as "juniper"; Symmachus, "shade."
Remmon, of this Isaiah makes mention in the vision against Moab.
Raseph, a city of Syria.
Raphet, a city of the Assyrians in the region of Theman, concerning which it is written in Isaiah.
Rebla, in the land of Emath; from there Pharaoh the victor carried Joachin away captive into Egypt.
Remma, a mountain in Isaiah; for which Aquila translates "mount Emmona"; Symmachus, "in Armenia." There is also the village of Remmus in Daroma. Furthermore, in the books of Kings, Remmam is called the house of the idol of Damascus.
Reblatha, a region of the Babylonians (or the city which they now call Antioch).
Ramale: for which Aquila translates "he shall be exalted"; it is written in Zachariah. But there is also another place in the tribe of Benjamin near Bethlehem, of which it is said: A voice was heard in Rama. (And concerning this it is spoken more fully in the books of Hebrew Questions.)
Rhinocorura, civitas AEgypti, cujus meminit Isaias. (Sciendum autem, quod hoc vocabulum in libris Hebraicis non habetur, sed a Septuaginta Interpretibus propter notitiam loci additum est.)
Quod in libro Hebraicorum neminum diximus, hoc etiam nunc in S litteroe videtur titulo proenotandum: apud Hebroeos tria esse S, hoc est samec, sade. et sin. Quoe cum apud Groecos et Latinos sono simili proferantur, in sua lingua aliter atque aliter resonant. Unde accidit, ut eadem nomina apud nos diversum sonare videantur, et plus quam coeteroe titteroe hoec habeat. Non enim ex una, sed ex tribus litteris, loca et urbes et viculi describuntur.
DE GENESI.
Sidon, urbs Phoenices insignis, olim terminus Chananaeorum ad Aquilonem respiciens, et postea regionis Judaeae. Cecidit autem in sortem tribus Aser, sed non eam possedit, quia hostes nequaquam valuit expellere.
Rhinocorura, a city of Egypt, of which Isaiah makes mention. (It should be known, however, that this word is not found in the Hebrew books, but was added by the Seventy Interpreters on account of knowledge of the place.)
What we have said in the book of the Hebrews concerning the letter S, this also now in the letter S seems to be marked beforehand as a heading: among the Hebrews there are three S's, that is samekh, tsade, and sin. Although among the Greeks and Latins these are pronounced with a similar sound, in their own language they resound differently and differently. Hence it happens that the same names appear to sound differently among us, and that this letter has more than the other letters. For places and cities and villages are described not from one, but from three letters.
ON GENESIS.
Sidon, a distinguished city of Phoenicia, formerly the boundary of the Canaanites looking toward the north, and afterward of the region of Judea. But it fell to the lot of the tribe of Asher, yet it did not possess it, because it was in no way able to drive out the enemies.
Sennaar, campus Babylonis, in quo turris exstructa est. Unde egressus Assur aedificavit Ninerem. Meminit hujus loci Josephus in primo Antiquitatum libro, ita scribens: « De campo qui in Babylonia regione vocatur Sennaar, narrat Hestiaeus historicus, dicens: Quidam sacerdotum profugi de templo Enyalii Jovis sacra rapientes, in Sennaar campum Babyloniae pervenere. »
Sichem et Salem, quae (Latine et Graece) Sicima vocata est, civitas Jacob, nunc deserta. Ostenditur autem locus in suburbanis Neapoleos juxta sepulcrum Joseph; quam subvertit Abimelec, et seminavit in ea salem, sicut in libro Judicum (cap. IX, vers, 45) scriptum est. Postea vero instaurata est a Jeroboam, ut Regnorum narrat historia (III Reg. XII, 25), et sita est in finibus tribus Ephraim. Sed et filius Emmor appellabatur Sichem, a quo et locus nomen acceperat. Fuit autem et altera Sichem in monte Ephraim, civitas fugitivorum.
Shinar, the plain of Babylon, on which the tower was built. Whence Asshur went forth and built Nineveh. Josephus mentions this place in the first book of the Antiquities, writing thus: "Concerning the plain which in the region of Babylonia is called Shinar, the historian Hestiaeus relates, saying: Certain of the priests who had fled from the temple of Enyalian Jupiter, seizing the sacred objects, came to the plain of Shinar in Babylonia."
Shechem and Salem, which (in Latin and Greek) was called Sicima, the city of Jacob, now deserted. The place is shown, moreover, in the suburbs of Neapolis next to the tomb of Joseph; which Abimelech overthrew and sowed salt in it, as is written in the book of Judges (chapter 9, verse 45). Afterwards, however, it was restored by Jeroboam, as the history of Kings relates (3 Kings 12:25), and it is situated in the borders of the tribe of Ephraim. But also the son of Hamor was called Shechem, from whom the place also received its name. There was, moreover, another Shechem on Mount Ephraim, a city of fugitives.
Sennaar, unde fuit Amarfal; qui adversus reges Sodomorum bellum gessit.
Sodoma, civitas impiorum divino igne consumpta, juxta mare Mortuum.
Seboim, et haec civitas impiorum in aeternos cineres dissoluta, juxta urbem quondam Sodomam.
Sophera, mons orientis in India, juxta quem h? bitaverunt filii Jectan, filii Heber. Quos Josephus refert a Cophene flumine et Indiae regionibus usque ad id locorum pervenisse, ubi appellatur regio Hieria: sed et classis Salomonis per triennium hinc quaedam commercia deportabat.
Soora, urbs juxta Sodomam, quae et Segor et Zoara(de qua et supra diximus).
Save, civitas antiqua in qua habitaverunt Amorrhaei, gens valida, super regionem Sodomae, quam excidit Chodologomor.
Seir, mons in terra Edom, in qua habitavit Esau in regione Gebalena: quae ex eo quod Esau pilosus esset et hispidus, Seir, id est, pilosi nomen accepit. In quibus locis antea habitavit Chorraeus, quem interfecit Chodologomor. Meminit montis Seir et Isaias in visione Idumaeae.
Shinar, from which came Amraphel, who waged war against the kings of Sodom.
Sodom, the city of the wicked, consumed by divine fire, near the Dead Sea.
Zeboim, and this city of the wicked, dissolved into eternal ashes, near the city that was once Sodom.
Sophera, a mountain of the east in India, near which dwelt the sons of Joktan, sons of Eber. Josephus reports that they came from the river Cophen and the regions of India as far as that place where the region is called Hieria; but also Solomon's fleet for three years carried certain merchandise from there.
Zoar, a city near Sodom, which is also Segor and Zoara (of which we have also spoken above).
Save, an ancient city in which the Amorites dwelt, a strong people, over the region of Sodom, which Chedorlaomer destroyed.
Seir, a mountain in the land of Edom, in which Esau dwelt in the region of Gebalene; which, from the fact that Esau was hairy and shaggy, received the name Seir, that is, of the hairy one. In these places Horites formerly dwelt, whom Chedorlaomer killed. Isaiah also mentions the mountain of Seir in the vision of Idumea.
Salem, civitas Sicimorum, quae est Sichem; sed et alia villa ostenditur usque in praesentem diem (juxta AEliam contra occidentalem plagam hoc nomine; in octavo quoque lapide a Scythopoli in campo vicus Salumias appellatur: Josephus vero Salem esse affirmat (Antiqq. lib. I, cap, 11), in qua regnavit Melchisedec, quae postea dicta est Solyma, et ad extremum, Hierosolymae nomen accepit.)
Sur 3, ubi invenit angelus ancillam Sarae Agar, inter Cades et Barad. Extenditur autem desertum Sur usque ad mare Rubrum, quod ad AEgypti confinia pervenit. Porro Cades, solitudo est super urbem Petram: sod et Scriptura desertum Cades contra faciem AEgypti extendi memorat, ad quod primum venere Hebraei, Rubro mari transvadato.
Segor, et Bala et Zoara, una de quinque civitatibus Sodomorum ad preces Lot de incendio reservata, quai usque nunc ostenditur. Meminit hujus et Isaias in visione contra Moab, de qua et supra diximus.
Salem, a city of the Shechemites, which is Shechem; but another village is also shown to the present day (near Aelia on the western side, under this name; at the eighth milestone from Scythopolis in the plain a village is called Salumias: Josephus indeed affirms that Salem (Antiquities, Book I, Chapter 11) was the one in which Melchizedek reigned, which afterward was called Solyma, and finally received the name Jerusalem.)
Sur 3, where the angel found Hagar, the handmaid of Sarah, between Kadesh and Barad. Now the desert of Sur extends as far as the Red Sea, which reaches the borders of Egypt. Further, Kadesh is a wilderness above the city of Petra: and Scripture also records that the desert of Kadesh extends opposite the face of Egypt, to which the Hebrews first came after crossing the Red Sea.
Segor, also Bala and Zoara, one of the five cities of Sodom, preserved from the fire at Lot's entreaty, which is shown to this day. Isaiah also mentions it in his vision against Moab, of which we have also spoken above.
Sene, id est, tabernacula, locus in quo habitavit Jacob regressus de Mesopotamia (qui lingua Hebraica appellatur Soccoth).
DE EXODO.
Soccoth, prima mansio filiorum Israel in deserto, postquam de AEgypto sunt profecti, antequam mare transirent Rubrum.
Sin, desertum inter mare Rubrum et solitudinem Sina. Nam de hoc deserto filii Israel venerunt in Raphidim, et a Raphidim in desertum Sina, juxta montem Sina, ubi Moyses tabulas legis accepit. Desertum autem Sin idem dicit esse Scriptura quod et Cades, sed et hoc juxta Hebraeos. Caeterum in Septuaginta Interpretibus non habetur.
DE NUMERIS ET DEUTERONOMIO.
Selmona, castra filiorum Israel in deserto. Saphar, mons Saphar in deserto, castra filiorum Israel.
Sattim, ubi populus pollutus est fornicatione filiarum Moab. Est autem juxta montem Phogor: unde et Jesus exploratores ad investigandam et noscendam misit Jericho.
Sene, that is, tabernacles, the place where Jacob lived when he returned from Mesopotamia (which in the Hebrew language is called Succoth).
FROM EXODUS.
Succoth, the first station of the children of Israel in the desert, after they set out from Egypt, before they crossed the Red Sea.
Sin, the desert between the Red Sea and the wilderness of Sinai. For from this desert the children of Israel came to Rephidim, and from Rephidim to the desert of Sinai, next to Mount Sinai, where Moses received the tablets of the law. But Scripture says that the desert of Sin is the same as Kadesh, and this too according to the Hebrews. Otherwise it is not found in the Seventy Translators.
FROM NUMBERS AND DEUTERONOMY.
Selmona, the camp of the children of Israel in the desert. Saphar, Mount Saphar in the desert, the camp of the children of Israel.
Sattim, where the people were defiled by fornication with the daughters of Moab. It is moreover next to Mount Phogor; from there also Jesus sent spies to investigate and learn about Jericho.
Sabama, civitas Moab, in terra Galaad, quae cecidit in sortem tribus Ruben. Meminit et hujus Isaias in visione contra Moab.
Selcha 1, civitas regis Og, in regione Basanitide.
Senna, terminus Judaeae 2, et usque hodie ostenditur in septimo lapide Jerichus contra septentrionalem plagam villa quaedam nomine Magdalsena (quod interpretatur, turris Senna).
Sephama, terminus Judae ad solis ortum. Sadada, terminus Judae.
DE LIBRO JESU
Someron, et hanc cepit Jesus, rege illius interfecto. Dicunt autem nunc pro eo Sebasten vocari oppidum Palaestinae, ubi S. Joannis Baptistae reliquiae conditae sunt. Legimus in Regnorum libris (III Reg, XVI, 24), quod Zamri rex Israel emerit montem Semeron, a quodam Semer, et aedificaverit in vertice ejus civitatem, quam ex nomine domini appellaverit Semeron.
Seira, et hanc cepit Jesus.
Selclia 3, civitas in regione Basanitide.
Sabamah, a city of Moab, in the land of Gilead, which fell to the lot of the tribe of Reuben. Isaiah also mentions it in the vision against Moab.
Selcha, a city of King Og, in the region of Bashan.
Senna, a boundary of Judea, and to this day there is shown at the seventh milestone from Jericho, on the northern side, a certain village named Magdalsena (which is interpreted as the tower of Senna).
Sephama, a boundary of Judah toward the sunrise. Sadada, a boundary of Judah.
FROM THE BOOK OF JOSHUA
Someron, and this Joshua captured, after killing its king. They say, moreover, that the town in Palestine is now called Sebaste in its place, where the relics of St. John the Baptist were laid. We read in the books of Kings (1 Kings 16:24) that Zamri, king of Israel, bought Mount Semeron from a certain Semer, and built on its summit a city which he named Semeron after the name of its lord.
Seira, and this Joshua captured.
Selclia, a city in the region of Bashan.
Sior, locus contra faciem AEgypti. Sed et hodie ostenditur villa nomine Sior inter AEliam et Eleutheropolim in tribu Juda. (Super hoc in libris Hebraicarum Quoestionum plenius diximus.)
Saorth, in tribu Ruben, super Jordanem.
Sochoth 4, in tribu Gad, super Jordanem.
Syphon, in tribu Gad, super Jordanem.
Sacharoma, in tribu Juda.
Samem, in tribu Juda.
Saal, in tribu Juda vel Symeon.
Sicelech, quam Achis rex alienigenarum dedit ad inhabitandum David. Est autem in Daroma sortis Judae vel Symeonis.
Sansana, in tribu Juda.
Selei, in tribu Juda.
Saara, vicus in finibus Eleutheropoleos contra septentrionem pergentibus Nicopolim, quasi in decimo milliario, in tribu Dan sive Juda.
Soccho (in tribu Juda). Sunt autem usque hodie viculi duo pergentibus AEliam de Eleutheropoli, in nono milliario viae puplicae: unus in monte, alter in campo situs, qui Sochoth nuncupantur.
Sior, a place opposite the face of Egypt. But even today a villa named Sior is shown between Aelia and Eleutheropolis in the tribe of Judah. (On this we have spoken more fully in the books of Hebrew Questions.)
Saorth, in the tribe of Reuben, beyond the Jordan.
Sochoth 4, in the tribe of Gad, beyond the Jordan.
Syphon, in the tribe of Gad, beyond the Jordan.
Sacharoma, in the tribe of Judah.
Samem, in the tribe of Judah.
Saal, in the tribe of Judah or of Simeon.
Sicelech, which Achis king of the foreigners gave to David to inhabit. It is moreover in Daroma, of the lot of Judah or of Simeon.
Sansana, in the tribe of Judah.
Selei, in the tribe of Judah.
Saara, a village in the borders of Eleutheropolis, toward the north for those going to Nicopolis, at about the tenth milestone, in the tribe of Dan or of Judah.
Soccho (in the tribe of Judah). There are moreover even today two little villages for those going to Aelia from Eleutheropolis, at the ninth milestone of the public road: one situated on a mountain, the other in the plain, which are called Sochoth.
Sarain, in tribu Juda.
Senam, in tribu Juda.
Saphir, villa in montanis sita inter Eleutheropolim et Ascalonem, in tribu Juda.
Soccho, de qua et supra dictum est. Dicuntur autem Samaritani, qui de Babylone profecti sunt, hunc viculum condidisse.
Scacha 5, in tribu Juda.
Selo, in tribu Ephraim, in quo loco arca testamenti mansit, et tabernaculum Domini usque ad tempora Samuelis. Est autem in decimo milliario Neapoleos in regione Acrabittena. Sed et Judae patriarchae filium Selon appellatum legimus.
Sechem in tribu Manasses, civitas sacerdotalis et fugitivorum, in monte Ephraim, ubi sepelierunt ossa Joseph, de qua et supra diximus.
Sames, id est fons Sames, in tribu Benjamin: pro quo Aquile interpretatur, fontem solis.
Semri, in tribu Benjamin.
Sela, in tribu Benjamin.
Sabee, in tribu Symeon.
Sarith, terminus Zabulon.
Sanis: pro quo Theodotio et Symmachus transtulerunt, solis.
Sarain, in the tribe of Judah.
Senam, in the tribe of Judah.
Saphir, a villa situated in the mountains between Eleutheropolis and Ascalon, in the tribe of Judah.
Soccho, of which we have also spoken above. But the Samaritans, who came forth from Babylon, are said to have founded this small village.
Scacha 5, in the tribe of Judah.
Selo, in the tribe of Ephraim, in which place the ark of the testament remained, and the tabernacle of the Lord, until the times of Samuel. It is moreover at the tenth milestone from Neapolis in the region of Acrabittene. But we also read that Selon was the name of the son of Judah the patriarch.
Sechem in the tribe of Manasseh, a city of priests and of fugitives, on the mountain of Ephraim, where they buried the bones of Joseph, of which we have also spoken above.
Sames, that is, the fountain of Sames, in the tribe of Benjamin: for which Aquila translates, the fountain of the sun.
Semri, in the tribe of Benjamin.
Sela, in the tribe of Benjamin.
Sabee, in the tribe of Simeon.
Sarith, the boundary of Zebulun.
Sanis: for which Theodotion and Symmachus translated, of the sun.
Semerom, in tribu Zabulon.
Sunem, in tribu Issachar, et usque hodie vicus ostenditur nomine Sulem, in quinto milliaro montis Thabor contra australem plagam.
Seon, sive Soen, in tribu Issachar: hodieque ostenditur villa juxta montem Thabor.
Sasima, terminus Issachar.
Sior, in tribu Aser.
Sennanim, quercus pertinens ad terminum Nephthalim.
Sorech, in tribu Dan, ubi Samson fuisse legimus, juxta Estaol (de qua jam supra diximus).
Samer, in tribu Dan: de qua et supra memoravi, sub nomine Bethsamis.
Salabim, in tribu Dan, usque hodie grandis vicus ostenditur in finibus Sebastenes (Al. Sebastenis) nomine Salaba.
Sepheth, locus Chananaeorum.
DE JUDICUM LIBRO.
Sirotha, quo confugit judex Ahud. Diximus et supra de Seira.
Sur Choreb, quod interpretatur, petra Choreb.
Selmon, mons quem conscendit Abimelec adversus Sicimam dimicans.
Semerom, in the tribe of Zebulun.
Shunem, in the tribe of Issachar, and to this day a village is shown by the name Sulem, at the fifth milestone from Mount Tabor, toward the southern region.
Seon, or Soen, in the tribe of Issachar: and to this day a villa is shown near Mount Tabor.
Sasima, a boundary of Issachar.
Sior, in the tribe of Asher.
Sennanim, an oak belonging to the boundary of Naphtali.
Sorech, in the tribe of Dan, where we read that Samson was, near Eshtaol (of which we have already spoken above).
Samer, in the tribe of Dan: of which I have also made mention above, under the name Beth-shemesh.
Salabim, in the tribe of Dan; to this day a large village is shown in the territory of Sebaste, by the name Salaba.
Sepheth, a place of the Canaanites.
FROM THE BOOK OF JUDGES.
Sirotha, to which the judge Ehud fled. We have also spoken above concerning Seira.
Sur Choreb, which is interpreted, the rock of Choreb.
Selmon, the mountain which Abimelech climbed when fighting against Shechem.
Sephina: pro quo Aquila et Symmachus interpretantur, aquilonem.
Sorech, nomen torrentis, de quo loco fuit Dalila, illa Samsonis: sed et usque hodie ad septentrionalem plagam Eleutheropoleos vicus ostenditur, nomine Capharsorech, justa villam Saar, unde et Samson fuit,
DE REGNORUM LIBRIS.
Sophim, mons Ephraim in monte Armathem
Salisa, quam pertransiit Saul.
Senna, nomen petrae.
Saalim, villa quam pertransiit Saul in finibus Elcutheropoleos contra Occidentem, septem ab ea millibus distans.
Sim, ubi Samuel invenit Saulem.
Sabim, ubi Saul praeliatus est.
Sonam, unde fuit illa mulier Sunamitis. Est autem usque hodie vicus in finibus Sebastae in regione Acrabittena, vocabulo Sanim.
Sophamoth, ad quem locum misit David.
Seira, nomen putei, a quo Joab fecit reverti principem exercitus Abenner.
Suba, cujus regem percussit David.
Sephina: for which Aquila and Symmachus translate as "north."
Sorech, the name of a torrent, from which place was Dalila, that woman of Samson: but even to this day, on the northern side of Eleutheropolis, a village is shown by the name Capharsorech, next to the village of Saar, whence also Samson was,
FROM THE BOOKS OF KINGS.
Sophim, a mountain of Ephraim on Mount Armathem
Salisa, which Saul passed through.
Senna, the name of a rock.
Saalim, a village which Saul passed through in the territories of Eleutheropolis toward the west, seven miles distant from it.
Sim, where Samuel found Saul.
Sabim, where Saul fought.
Sonam, whence was that woman the Shunammite. There is moreover even to this day a village in the territories of Sebaste in the region of Acrabittene, by the name Sanim.
Sophamoth, to which place David sent.
Seira, the name of a well, from which Joab made the commander of the army Abner turn back.
Suba, whose king David struck down.
Sarthan, quae est ad radices Jezraelae.
Sophera, quae est et Sophir, unde veniebant naves Salomonis; de qua et supra diximus. Est autem mons Orientis pertinens ad Indiae regionem.
Serora, civitas pergentibus Edom.
Saba, civitas regalis AEthiopiae, quam Josephus a Cambyse rege Meroen cognominatam ex sororis vocabulo, refert.
Sela, ubi percussus est Joas.
Saffarvaim, de quibus locis Assyrii transmigrantes, habitaverunt in Samaria: et ab ipsis Samaritanorum gens sumpsit exordium. Meminit horum et Isaias.
Sademoth, ubi Josias rex idolorum signa combussit.
Saresta, oppidum Sidoniorum in via publica situm: ubi habitavit quondam Elias.
Saron, cujus et Isaias meminit, dicens, In paludes versus est Saron (Isa. XXXIII,9). Usque in praesentem autem diem, regio inter moutem Thabor et stagnum Tyberiadis, Saronas appellatur. Sed et a Caesarea Palestinae, usque ad oppidum Joppe, omnis terra quae cernitur, dicitur Saronas.
Sarthan, which is at the foot of Jezreel.
Sophera, which is also Sophir, from where the ships of Solomon came; about which we have also spoken above. It is a mountain of the East belonging to the region of India.
Serora, a city for those going to Edom.
Saba, a royal city of Ethiopia, which Josephus reports was renamed Meroe by King Cambyses after his sister's name.
Sela, where Joash was struck down.
Saffarvaim, from which places the Assyrians, having migrated, lived in Samaria: and from them the race of the Samaritans took its beginning. Isaiah also mentions these.
Sademoth, where King Josiah burned the images of idols.
Saresta, a town of the Sidonians situated on the public road: where Elijah once lived.
Saron, which Isaiah also mentions, saying, Saron is turned into marshes (Isa. 33:9). But even to the present day, the region between Mount Tabor and the Sea of Tiberias is called Saronas. Moreover, from Caesarea of Palestine all the way to the town of Joppa, all the land that is seen is called Saronas.
Sephela, sicut scribit Isaias: pro quo Aquila, campestrem; Symmachus, vallem interpretatur. Usque hodie omnis regio juxta Eleutheropolim campestris et plana, quae vergit ad Aquilonem et Occidentem, Sephela dicitur.
Sennaar: pro quo Aquila, Sennam: Symmachus interpretatur, uberem. Meminit hujus et Michaeas propheta.
Sedrach, terra Pamasci: legimus in Zacharia (IX, 1; vid. Hadrach).
Sion, mons urbis Jerusalem.
Samaria, civitas regalis in Israel, quae nunc Sebaste dicitur. Sed et omnis regio quae circa eam fuit, civitate quondam nomen acceperat.
Sor, Tyrus, metropolis Phoenicis, in tribu Nephthalim.
Soene, civitas Thebaidis, sicut scribit Ezechiel.
Sais, civitas AEgypti cujus meminit Ezechiel: a qua et Saitis pagus.
Sadala. terminus Judaeae, sicut et scribit Ezechiel.
Sabarim, inter Damascum et AEmath, sicut scribit Ezechiel.
Sephela, as Isaiah writes: for which Aquila translates "the plain," Symmachus "the valley." To this day the whole region near Eleutheropolis, flat and level, which faces north and west, is called Sephela.
Sennaar: for which Aquila translates "Sennam," Symmachus "fertile." The prophet Micah also mentions this.
Sedrach, the land of Pamasci: we read in Zechariah (IX, 1; see Hadrach).
Sion, the mountain of the city of Jerusalem.
Samaria, a royal city in Israel, which is now called Sebaste. But also the whole region around it once took its name from the city.
Sor, Tyre, the metropolis of Phoenicia, in the tribe of Naphtali.
Soene, a city of the Thebaid, as Ezekiel writes.
Sais, a city of Egypt which Ezekiel mentions: from it also the Saitic district.
Sadala, a boundary of Judea, as Ezekiel also writes.
Sabarim, between Damascus and Emath, as Ezekiel writes.
Salisa pro quo Aquila interpretatur, triennalem. Meminit hujus Jeremias.
Sichar, ante Neapolim, juxta agrum quem dedit Jacob filio suo Joseph, in quo Dominus noster atque Salvator secundum Evangelium Joannis, Samaritanae mulieri ad puteum loquitur, ubi nunc Ecclesia fabricata est.
DE GENESI.
Tigris, fluvius de paradiso exiens, juxta Scripturae fidem, pergensque contra Assyrios: et post multos circuitus, ut vult Josephus 1, in mare Rubrum influens. Vocatur autem hoc nomine propter velocitatem, instar bestiae nimia pernicitate currentis.
Terebinthus, in Sicimis, sub qua abscondit Jacob idola, juxta Neapolim.
DE LIBRO JESU.
Tina, id tribu Juda.
Talem, in tribu Juda.
Tesan, in tribu Juda.
Tyrus, in tribu Nephtalim.
DE LIBRO JUDICUM.
Tabath, ubi pugnatum est adversus Madian,
Tob, terra in qua habitavit Jephte.
Topheth, in valle filiorum Ennom, ubi populus Israel gentium simulacra veneratur. Est autem locus in suburbanis Jerusalem.
Salisa, for which Aquila translates "triennalem." Jeremiah mentions it.
Sichar, before Neapolis, near the field that Jacob gave to his son Joseph, in which our Lord and Savior, according to the Gospel of John, speaks to the Samaritan woman at the well, where now a church has been built.
FROM GENESIS.
The Tigris, a river going out from paradise, according to the testimony of Scripture, and proceeding against the Assyrians; and after many circuits, as Josephus would have it, flowing into the Red Sea. It is called by this name because of its speed, like a beast running with excessive swiftness.
The terebinth, in Shechem, under which Jacob hid the idols, near Neapolis.
FROM THE BOOK OF JESUS.
Tina, in the tribe of Judah.
Talem, in the tribe of Judah.
Tesan, in the tribe of Judah.
Tyrus, in the tribe of Naphtali.
FROM THE BOOK OF JUDGES.
Tabath, where battle was fought against Midian,
Tob, the land in which Jephthah lived.
Topheth, in the valley of the sons of Hinnom, where the people of Israel worship the idols of the nations. It is a place in the suburbs of Jerusalem.
Tanis, civitas AEgypti, sicut Isaias et Ezechiel scribunt.
Taphnas, civitas AEgypti. Lege Osee, Ezechiel et Jeremiam. In hac habitaverunt Judaei, qui ob metum Babyloniorum cum Jeremia fugerunt.
DE EVANGELIO.
Trachonitis regio, sive Ituraea, cujus tetrarcha fuit Philippus, juxta Evangelium Lucae. Diximus de hac et supra. Est autem trans Bostram Arabiae civitatem in deserto, contra australem plagam, quasi ad Damascum respiciens.
Hucusque per T simplicem litteram legerimus. Verum quoniam quoe sequuntur apud Hebroeos, non ex teth sed ex thau id est, theta Groeco, scribuntur, cum aspiratione tegere debemus.
DE GENESI.
Theman, regio principum Edom in terra Gebalitica, a Theman filio Eliphaz filii Esau sortita vocabulum. Sed et usque hodie est villa Theman nomine, distans ab urbe Petra quinque millibus, ubi et Romanorum militum praesidium sedet, de quo loco fuit Eliphaz rex Themanorum. Unus quoque filiorum Ismael appellabatur Theman. Sciendum autem, quod omnis Australis regio Hebraice Theman dicitur.
Tanis, a city of Egypt, as Isaiah and Ezekiel write.
Taphnas, a city of Egypt. Read Hosea, Ezekiel, and Jeremiah. In this city lived the Jews who fled with Jeremiah out of fear of the Babylonians.
FROM THE GOSPEL.
Trachonitis, a region, or Ituraea, whose tetrarch was Philip, according to the Gospel of Luke. We have spoken of this above as well. It lies beyond Bostra, a city of Arabia, in the desert, toward the southern region, looking as it were toward Damascus.
Thus far we have read through the simple letter T. But since the names that follow among the Hebrews are written not with teth but with thau, that is, the Greek theta, we ought to cover them with aspiration.
FROM GENESIS.
Theman, the region of the princes of Edom in the land of Gebal, which took its name by lot from Theman, son of Eliphaz, son of Esau. But even to this day there is a village called Theman, five miles from the city of Petra, where a garrison of Roman soldiers is also stationed; from this place was Eliphaz, king of the Themanites. One of the sons of Ishmael was also called Theman. It should be known, moreover, that every southern region is called Theman in Hebrew.
Thamna, ubi oves suas totondit Judas: ostenditur hodieque vicus praegrandis in finibus Diospoleos euntibus AEliam, in tribu Dan, sive Judae.
Thamna, alia civitas principum Edom; sed et concubina Eliphaz filii Esau, Thamna appellata est, quae peperit ei Amalec, unde Amalecitae.
DE DEUTERONOMIO.
Thaphol, locus in deserto trans Jordanem, in quo Deuteronomium scribit Moyses; contra Jericho.
Thaath, castra filiorum Israel.
Thara, castra filiorum Israel.
DE LIRRO JESU.
Thaffu, in tribu Juda civitas, quam expugnavit Jesus. rege illius interfecto. Diximus et supra de termino Palaestinae et AEgypti qui appellatur Bethtaphu.
Thaanach, civitas quam expugnavit Jesus, rege istius interfecto. Fuit autem in tribu Manasse separata Levitis, et nunc in quarto milliario oppidi Legionis hoc nomine vicus ostenditur.
Thenath, in tribu Joseph: hodieque est villa Thena in decimo milliario Neapoleos contra Orientem, descendentibus in Jordanem.
Thamna, where Judas sheared his sheep; even today a very large village is shown in the territory of Diospolis, on the road to Aelia, in the tribe of Dan, or of Judah.
Thamna, another city of the princes of Edom; but also the concubine of Eliphaz the son of Esau was called Thamna, who bore him Amalek, from whom come the Amalekites.
FROM DEUTERONOMY.
Thaphol, a place in the wilderness beyond the Jordan, where Moses wrote Deuteronomy; opposite Jericho.
Thaath, a camp of the children of Israel.
Thara, a camp of the children of Israel.
FROM THE BOOK OF JESUS.
Thaffu, a city in the tribe of Judah, which Jesus captured after killing its king. We have also spoken above of the border of Palestine and Egypt which is called Bethtaphu.
Thaanach, a city which Jesus captured after killing its king. It was in the tribe of Manasseh, set apart for the Levites, and now at the fourth milestone from the town of Legio a village of this name is shown.
Thenath, in the tribe of Joseph; even today there is the estate of Thena at the tenth milestone from Neapolis, toward the east, for those going down to the Jordan.
Thaffue, in tribu Joseph.
Thaphuth, in tribu Manasse.
Theco, usque hodie juxta desertum civitatis AEliae vicus ostenditur, unde et Amos propheta fuit.
Thesram, et hanc rum rege suo cepit Jesus.
Therama, in tribu Benjamin.
Tholad, in tribu Juda, sive Simeonis.
Thabor, terminus Zabulon. Est autem mons in medio Galilaeae campo (mira rotunditate sublimis), distans a Diocaesarea decem millibus, contra orientalem plagam: qui confinium quoque inter tribum Issachar et Nephtalim fuit.
Thalcha, in tribu Simeon: nunc vicus grandis Judaeorum vocatur Thella, quasi in sextodecimo milliario Eleutheropoleos contra australem plagam 3.
Thamnathsara 4, civitas Jesu filii Nave, in monte sita; de qua et supra sub nomine Thamnae diximus: in qua usque in praesentem diem sepulcrum ejus ostenditur in tribu Dan 2. ·········***
DE LIBRO JUDICUM.
Thaanach, civitas juxta quam Debbora adversum Sisaram dimicavit, in tribu Manasse, separata Levitis, quam tenere non potuit, pristinis cultoribus nequaquam ejectis. Est autem nunc villi praegrandis distans a Legione millibus tribus.
Thaffue, in the tribe of Joseph.
Thaphuth, in the tribe of Manasseh.
Theco—even to this day a village is shown near the desert of the city of Aelia, from which also the prophet Amos came.
Thesram, and this city too Jesus took from its king.
Therama, in the tribe of Benjamin.
Tholad, in the tribe of Judah, or of Simeon.
Thabor, the boundary of Zebulun. It is a mountain in the middle of the plain of Galilee (wondrously round and lofty), distant ten miles from Diocaesarea, toward the eastern region; it was also the border between the tribe of Issachar and Naphtali.
Thalcha, in the tribe of Simeon: now a large village of the Jews called Thella, as it were at the sixteenth milestone from Eleutheropolis, toward the southern region.
Thamnathsara, the city of Joshua the son of Nun, situated on the mountain; of which we have also spoken above under the name Thamna; in which even to the present day his tomb is shown, in the tribe of Dan.
FROM THE BOOK OF JUDGES.
Thaanach, the city near which Deborah fought against Sisera, in the tribe of Manasseh, set apart for the Levites, which they could not hold, since its former inhabitants were by no means driven out. It is now a very large village, distant three miles from Legio.
Thebes, urbs quam cum oppugnaret Abimelech, fragmine molae ictus interiit. Est autem usque hodie vicus nomine Thebes, in finibus Neapoleos pergentibus Scythopolim, quasi in tertio decimo ejus lapide.
Thamnatha: posuimus et supra Thamnam, in tribu Juda.
DE REGNORUM LIBRIS.
Thelamuge, locus in quo Abenner misit ad David. Sed sciendum quod pro hoc verbo Aquila interpretatur, extemplo: Symmachus, pro semetipso.
Thaad, juxta Galaad.
Thamsa, terminus regni Salomonis.
Thermoth, civitas quam aedificavit Salomon in deserto (cujus in libris Hebraicarum Quoestionum fecimus mentionem).
Tharsis, nude aurum Salomoni deferebatur: hanc putat Josephus Tarsum urbem esse Ciliciae. Porro juxta Ezechiel prophetam Carthago sentitor. Siquidem in eo loco, ubi apud Septuaginta Interpretes legimus Carthaginem, in Hebraeo scriptum habet Tharsis. Nonnulli Indiam putaverunt (et de hoc tam in libro Epistolarum (Epist. num. 37), quas ad Marcellam scripsimus, quam in libris Hebraicarum Quoestionum plenius dictum est).
Thebes, the city which when Abimelech attacked it, he died struck by a fragment of a millstone. And it is to this day a village named Thebes, in the territory of Neapolis, for those going toward Scythopolis, at about its thirteenth milestone.
Thamnatha: we have also set down Thamna above, in the tribe of Judah.
CONCERNING THE BOOKS OF KINGS.
Thelamuge, the place to which Abenner sent to David. But it should be known that for this word Aquila translates "immediately"; Symmachus, "for himself."
Thaad, near Galaad.
Thamsa, the boundary of Solomon's kingdom.
Thermoth, the city which Solomon built in the desert (of which we have made mention in the books of Hebrew Questions).
Tharsis, whence gold was brought to Solomon: Josephus thinks this is Tarsus, a city of Cilicia. Further, according to the prophet Ezekiel it is understood as Carthage. Indeed, in the place where we read "Carthage" in the Septuagint translators, the Hebrew text has "Tharsis." Some have thought it is India (and concerning this, as in the book of Letters which we wrote to Marcella, so also in the books of Hebrew Questions, it has been said more fully).
Thersa, ubi Asa rex Israel fuit.
Thersila, unde fuit Manaen: usque hodie est viculus Samaritanorum in regione Batanaea, qui Thersila dicitur.
Thesba, unde ortus est Elias propheta, Thesbites.
Theman, juxta Ezechielem civitas Idumaeae. Porro Isaias in visione eam ponit Arabiae. Meminit hujus et Jeremias. Abdias autem scribit civitatem Esau. Sed et unus filiorum ejus Theman appellabatur sicut supra diximus.
Tharac, quam in terra Judaea Evaei condidere.
Thalassar, regio Syriae.
Thogarma, legimus in Ezechiel.
Taphet, legimus in Jeremia (VII, 22) aram Thaphet. Est autem in suburbanis AEliae usque hodie locus, qui sic vocatur juxta piscinam Fullonis et agrum Acheldema.
DE GENESI.
Ur Chaldaeorum, ubi mortuus est Aram, frater Abrahae: cujus hodieque, sicut Josephus refert, tumulus ostenditur. (Et super hoc quid nobis videatur in libris Hebraicarum Quoestionum plenius diximus.)
Tirzah, where Asa king of Israel was.
Thersila, whence was Manaen: to this day there is a small village of the Samaritans in the region of Batanaea, which is called Thersila.
Thesba, whence arose Elijah the prophet, the Tishbite.
Teman, according to Ezekiel a city of Idumaea. Furthermore Isaiah places it in Arabia in his vision. Jeremiah also mentions it. Obadiah however writes that it was a city of Esau. But also one of his sons was called Teman, as we said above.
Tharac, which the Evaei founded in the land of Judaea.
Thalassar, a region of Syria.
Thogarma, we read of in Ezekiel.
Taphet, we read in Jeremiah (VII, 22) of the altar of Taphet. There is moreover in the suburbs of Aelia to this day a place which is so called, next to the pool of the Fuller and the field of Akeldama.
ON GENESIS.
Ur of the Chaldeans, where Aram, the brother of Abraham, died: whose tomb, as Josephus relates, is shown to this day. (And on this matter, what seems to us is more fully discussed in the books of Hebrew Questions.)
Ulammaus, pro quo in Hebraeo scriptum habet Luza. Eadem est autem quae et Bethel, sicut supra diximus. Sed et quaedam villa nomine Ulamma in duodecimo Diocaesareae lapide ostenditur contra solis ortum.
Us, unde fuit Job de regione Ausitidi, sed et unus de posteris Esau appellabatur Us. (De quo in libris Hebraicarum Quwslionum diximus.)
DE LIBRO JUDICUM.
Xil, in tribu Juda.
DE GENESI.
Zaphoim, regio Edom principum, in terra quae nunc vocatur Gebalena.
DE NUMERIS ET DEUTERONOMIO.
Zoob, civitas Amorrhaeorum sita in Arnone: de qua scriptum est: Propterea dicitur in libro Bellorum Damini: Zoob inflammavit et torrentes Arnon (Num. XXI, 14, apud LXX).
Zephrona, tenuibus Judaeae (Al. Judoe) ad septentrionem.
Zared, vallis Zared in parte deserti.
DE LIBRO JESU.
Zeph, in tribu Juda.
Zannohua, in tribu Juda, usque hodie in finibus Eleutheropoleos pergentibus AEliam, villa Zanua nuncupatur.
Ulammaus, for which the Hebrew text has Luza. But it is the same as Bethel, as we said above. Yet a certain village named Ulamma is shown at the twelfth milestone from Diocaesarea, toward the sunrise.
Us, whence was Job from the region of Ausitis, but also one of the descendants of Esau was called Us. (Concerning which we have spoken in the books of Hebrew Questions.)
FROM THE BOOK OF JUDGES.
Xil, in the tribe of Judah.
FROM GENESIS.
Zaphoim, the region of the princes of Edom, in the land which is now called Gebalena.
FROM NUMBERS AND DEUTERONOMY.
Zoob, a city of the Amorites situated on the Arnon: concerning which it is written: Therefore it is said in the book of the Wars of the Lord: Zoob he set on fire, and the torrents of Arnon (Num. 21:14, according to the Septuagint).
Zephrona, on the northern borders of Judea.
Zared, the valley of Zared in a part of the desert.
FROM THE BOOK OF JOSHUA.
Zeph, in the tribe of Judah.
Zannohua, in the tribe of Judah, to this day in the territory of Eleutheropolis, for those going toward Aelia, a village is called Zanua.
Zib, in octavo milliario Chebron contra Orientem usque in praesens vicus ostenditur, ubi absconditus est David Fuit autem tribus Judae in Daroma, in finibus Eleutheropoleos.
DE LIBRIS REGNORUM.
Zip, mons squalidus, vel caligans, sive nebulosus, juxta Ziph, in quo sedit David prope Chermelam, quae in Scripturis sanctis Carmelus appellatur, vicus· hodie Judaeorum, unde fuit Nabal Carmelius. Sed et unus de posteris Caleb dictus est Ziph. Lege Paralipomenon(I Paral. II, 42).
Zogora, in Jeremia civitas Moabitarum: haec est quae nunc vocatur Zoara, sive Segor, una de quinque civitatibus Sodomorum.
Zeb, civitas Amman, hodieque ville Zia ostenditur in quintodecimo lapide Philadelphiae, contra Occidentem, de qua scribit Jeremias.
Zoeleth, nomen lapidis, ubi Adonias immolavit victimas juxta fontem Rogel 1.
IN CONSEQUENTEM GEOGRAPHICAM TABULAM PALAESTINAE ADMONITIO.
Zib, at the eighth milestone from Hebron toward the east, is shown to this day as a village, where David was hidden. It was of the tribe of Judah in the south, in the territory of Eleutheropolis.
FROM THE BOOKS OF KINGS.
Zip, a rugged mountain, or dark, or cloudy, near Ziph, in which David sat near Chermela, which in the Holy Scriptures is called Carmel, a village of the Jews today, whence was Nabal the Carmelite. But also one of the descendants of Caleb was called Ziph. Read Paralipomenon (1 Paral. 2:42).
Zogora, in Jeremiah a city of the Moabites: this is the one now called Zoara, or Segor, one of the five cities of the Sodomites.
Zeb, a city of Amman, and today the village of Zia is shown at the fifteenth milestone from Philadelphia, toward the west, of which Jeremiah writes.
Zoeleth, the name of a stone, where Adonijah sacrificed victims near the spring Rogel.
ADMONITION FOR THE FOLLOWING GEOGRAPHICAL MAP OF PALESTINE.
Perlecto Hieronymi, sive Eusebii de Palaestinae urbibus et vicis libro, nihil utilius, nihilque ad eorum mentem probe retinendam, fructumque ex iis debitum lectu percipiendum, necessarium est magis, quam geographica mappa totius terrae, quam describunt, situs et loca ad se invicem uno conspectu repraesentare: quae veluti Commentarii vicem suppleat, imo cujus ope, quod prolixis Commentariis aegre admodum obtineas, percurrente picturam oculo consequaris.
Segnius irritant animos demissa per aures, Quam quae sunt oculis subjecta fidelibus, et quae Ipse sibi tradit spectator.
(HORAT. de Arte Poetic. V. et seqq.)
Verum si ad horum modo Patrum documenta Tabulam adumbrare oporteat, solisque eorum sit vestigiis insistendum, vix uniuscujusque regionis seorsim multas describas, unam quae simul universam I, ut Eusebius loquitur, Palaestinam exhibeat, ne vix quidem. Nam quod cl. Relando pridem observatum est, Eusebius, ejusque interpres Hieronymus, in unaquaque regione terrae Israeliticae intervalla locorum ab urbe illius regionis praecipua definiunt: ipsam vero urbem, quo loco sita sit, dicere praetermittunt. Exemplo sit, quod ad Eleutheropoli metiuntur plus quam viginti locorum situm, ipsa vero Eleutheropolis, utpote quae in Scripturis non memoratur, quem tractum occupet, nusquam docent.
Having read through Jerome's book, or rather Eusebius's, on the cities and villages of Palestine, nothing is more useful, and nothing more necessary for properly retaining their meaning and for perceiving from reading the profit that is due from them, than a geographical map of the whole land that they describe, presenting the sites and places to one another in a single view: which may serve in place of a commentary—indeed, by its aid, what you would obtain with great difficulty from lengthy commentaries, you may attain by running your eye over the picture.
Things heard affect the mind more faintly than those placed before faithful eyes, and which the spectator himself reports to himself.
(HORACE, On the Art of Poetry, v. and following.)
But if one were to attempt to sketch a map according to the records of these Fathers only, and one must follow in their footsteps alone, you would scarcely describe many places of each region separately—hardly even one map that at the same time displays the whole of Palestine, as Eusebius says. For, as was long ago observed by the renowned Reland, Eusebius and his translator Jerome define, in each region of the land of Israel, the distances of places from the principal city of that region; but where that city itself is situated, they omit to say. Let this serve as an example: they measure the location of more than twenty places from Eleutheropolis, yet where Eleutheropolis itself—inasmuch as it is not mentioned in the Scriptures—occupies territory, they nowhere teach.
Idem de reliquis fere urbibus usu venit, quas in Judaea, a Nicopoli dimetiuntur, vel Diospoli: in Samaritide, a Neapoli et Sebaste: in Galilaea. a Diocaesarea et Legione: denique trans Jordanem, a Pella et Philadelphia. Nempe supervacaneam duxerunt esse operam, primarias eas urbes, suisque temporibus longe notissimas, quibus haberentur distantiis, designare, easque adeo vel omnino dissimulant, vel urbes nobiles, dixisse contenti sunt. Nunc vero quando nobiles esse desierunt, suis quasque locare sedibus, habito ad se invicem respectu, si eorum tantum indiciis nitimur, non est expeditum.
Alterum accedit huic malo incommodum, quod ipsarummet urbium, quas a praecipua uniuscujusque regionis deducto intervallo Patres collocant, non usque adeo diligens notatio sit respectu plagarum mundi, cum quatuor duntaxat vulgaribus illis Ortu, Occasu, Septentrione, et Meridie utantur, reliquas singulis hisce intermedias negligant. Minime autem credibile fit, omnes urbes Eusebio memoratas recta eam plagam respexisse, ad quam referuntur, omnesque ad eamden veluti lineam remotas fuisse ab ea urbe, unde distantia earum petitur. Nihil jam de caeteris dico, quae in hoc scriptorum pari desiderat laudatus Relandus, ac multis exaggerat, fortasse etiam supra verum: reipsa enim aut parum negotii facessunt, aut rectissime se habent, quemadmodum in praefixa huic tomo Praefatione ostendimus.
The same thing happens with nearly all the remaining cities, which in Judaea are measured from Nicopolis or Diospolis; in Samaria, from Neapolis and Sebaste; in Galilee, from Diocaesarea and Legio; and finally, across the Jordan, from Pella and Philadelphia. Of course, they considered it a superfluous task to designate those primary cities, far the most famous in their own times, by the distances at which they were reckoned, and so they either conceal this entirely or are content to have said that they were famous cities. But now, when they have ceased to be famous, to assign each one to its own site, with reference to one another, is not an easy matter if we rely only on their indications.
A second disadvantage is added to this problem: the notation of the cities themselves, which the Fathers place at an interval measured from the principal city of each region, is not careful enough with respect to the quarters of the world, since they use only those four common ones—East, West, North, and South—and neglect the others intermediate between each of these. Yet it is hardly credible that all the cities mentioned by Eusebius faced exactly the quarter to which they are referred, and that all were removed, as it were, along the same line from the city from which their distance is taken. I say nothing now about the other matters that the praised Relandus desiderates in this pair of writers and exaggerates at length, perhaps even beyond the truth; for in reality they either cause little trouble or are entirely correct, as we have shown in the Preface prefixed to this volume.
Satis ex his duobus, quae adduximus, liquet, universae Palaestinae imaginem ad Eusebii ac Hieronymi ingenium ex hisce eorum monimentis, tametsi omnium longe luculentissimis, non posse delineari; sed quaedam necesse esse prius ex aliorum geographorum maxime veterum auctoritate constituere, quibus domum ipsa, quae in incerto apud Eusebium sive Hieronymum haerent, asserantur.
Hoc porro est, quod in hac exstruenda Mappa supplere debui, siquidem in promptu erat ex alienis testimoniis huic descriptioni suppetias ferre; nec erit, opinor, qui studio meo veluti propositum praetergresso succenseat homo sacrae geographiae cupidus, quoniam ut tot singulares tabulas regionum adumbrarem, a me ipso impetrare non potui, vixque aliter fructus ab eximio hoc libro poterat obtineri. Recensui autem; ac disposui suis quaeque nominibus loca, prout ex Septuagintavirali editione hoc libro enuntiantur, nec ferme alia praetermisi, quam quae appellativae, ut vocant, significationis, non propriae sunt, aut certe ignobi· lium sunt viculorum, quae nullis distantiis annotantur, et quae adeo satius erat praeteriisse, quam fucum lectoribus facere, si certis incerta miscerentur.
From these two points that we have adduced, it is sufficiently clear that an image of the whole of Palestine cannot be delineated according to the genius of Eusebius and Jerome from these their records, even though they are by far the most brilliant of all; but that certain things must first be established from the authority of other geographers, especially the ancient ones, by which those places themselves that remain uncertain in Eusebius or Jerome may be secured.
Furthermore, this is what I had to supply in constructing this map, since it was readily in my power to bring aid to this description from others' testimonies; nor, I think, will there be anyone who, as a man eager for sacred geography, would be angry at my diligence as though I had overstepped my proposed purpose, since I could not bring myself to sketch so many individual maps of regions, and scarcely otherwise could the fruit be obtained from this excellent book. Moreover, I have reviewed and arranged each place under its own names, just as they are pronounced in this book from the Septuagint edition, and I have passed over almost nothing except those of appellative, as they call it, significance rather than proper, or at any rate those of obscure hamlets, which are noted with no distances, and which it would have been so much better to have passed over than to deceive readers by mixing uncertain things with certain.
Praesto autem fuit ipse Hieronymus suis aliis scriptis, et cum primis in epistola ad Dardanum, in nostra recensione 129, ubi universae possessionis Judaeorum longitudinem quidem metitur a Dan usque Bersabee, quoe vix centum sexaginta millium in longum spatio tenditur; latitudinem vero a Joppe usque ad viculum Bethleem quadraginta sex millium, cui succedit vastistima solitulo plena ferocium Barbarorum. Licuit hic intelligere totidem millium regionem contra Orientem recto ad Jordanem tramite, atque a Jordane ad Chesbon, Peraeae urbem, sive, ut Eusebio placet, ad usque Philadelphiam, quae decem supra Chesbon millibus a Jordane protendebatur. Nam et si Judaeae latitudo paulo est incertior, quod quantum ultra Jordanem excurreret, non satis inter auctores conveniat: sentiebam tamen, non ex variorum, et plerumque recentium viatorum opinione, ne dicam ex Thalmude, ac Judaeorum somniis mihi fuisse describendos Palaestinae fines, sed ex hujusmodi rerum solertissimo, tum ob eruditionis laudem, tum ob loci viciniam Caesariensi episcopo, ejusque interprete magno Hieronymo, qui sedes illas et curiosius peragravit, et multos annos incoluit. Quamobrem et multi facienda sum arbitratas ipsa ex Hieronyme Excerpta, quae ad locorum intervalla faciunt, et sic satis studiose post Martianaeum collegi, ut jam sint maximam partem auctiora.
Jerome himself, moreover, was at hand in his other writings, and especially in the letter to Dardanus, in our edition 129, where he measures the length of the whole possession of the Jews from Dan to Beersheba, which extends scarcely a hundred and sixty thousand in length of space; but the breadth from Joppa to the little village of Bethlehem, forty-six thousand, which is followed by a most vast solitude full of fierce Barbarians. Here it was possible to understand a region of as many thousands directly toward the East by a straight path to the Jordan, and from the Jordan to Heshbon, a city of Peraea, or, as pleases Eusebius, as far as Philadelphia, which extended ten thousand beyond Heshbon from the Jordan. For even if the breadth of Judaea is somewhat more uncertain, because how far it extended beyond the Jordan is not sufficiently agreed among authors: I nevertheless felt that the boundaries of Palestine had to be described by me not from the opinion of various and mostly recent travelers, not to say from the Talmud and the dreams of the Jews, but from that most skilled man in matters of this kind, both on account of the renown of his learning and on account of the proximity of place to the bishop of Caesarea, and from his interpreter the great Jerome, who both traversed those regions rather carefully and dwelt in them for many years. Wherefore I also judged that many Excerpts from Jerome himself had to be made, which contribute to the intervals of places, and these I have collected rather diligently after Martianaeus, so that they are now for the most part more enlarged.
Praetermisi autem alia, quae ex temetipso recolas ex epistola 108, sive S. Paulae epitaphio, a n. ad 13, atque ex illa, quae de Mansionibus ad Fabiolam inscribitur, in nostra recensione 78, quae erant ferme ex integro describendae, si quae ibi de Terrae sanctae urbibus traduntur, fuisset animus exhibere.
I have, however, omitted other matters that you may recall from your own reading, from letter 108, or the epitaph of Saint Paula, from n. to 13, and from the one entitled On the Mansions, addressed to Fabiola, in our edition 78, which would have had to be transcribed almost in their entirety, had it been my intention to set forth what is handed down there concerning the cities of the Holy Land.