Chronicon. Liber Generationis ab Adami Usque ad Ordinem

CHRONICLE OF THE ANONYMOUS WHO IS SAID TO HAVE LIVED UNDER THE EMPEROR ALEXANDER, IN THE YEAR OF CHRIST 236. THE BOOK OF GENERATION FROM ADAM UP TO THE PRESENT ORDER, WHICH IS CONTAINED IN THIS BOOK. The enumeration of times and years. The generations of the world up to this day. The division of the earth among the three sons of Noah. The declaration of the nations, from which ones they were made, and which lands and cities each received by lot: how many famous islands: who, from which nations, migrated: how many named rivers: which named mountains. How many Judges: and who judged the people for how many years. How many Kings in the Tribe of Judah: and who reigned for how many years. The declaration of Passover, and who observed it when, from the times of Moses up to this day. The Kings of the Persians from Cyrus, and who reigned for how many years. The Kings of the Macedonians from Alexander, and who reigned for how many years. The Emperors of the Romans from Augustus, and who ruled as emperor for how many years.

Times of the Olympiads from Iphitus up to the present Olympiad. Names of the Patriarchs and generations. Names of the Prophets. Women Prophetesses. Names of the Kings of the Hebrews and of the Kings who reigned in Samaria over the Ten Tribes: and who reigned for how many years. Names of the Priests. Names of the Bishops of Rome, and who presided for how many years. PREFACE. Since one ought to be instructed in the truth, I have deemed it necessary, dearest brothers, to make this brief discourse from the Holy Scriptures for the strengthening of doctrine, so that through a few explanations we may more quickly recognize the powers of the truth, which have been investigated not without reason, first cutting off the contention generated by the unlearned, which obscures the senses; let such instruction teach the unlearned. Moreover, wishing to foresee with the greatest diligence, we recognize, according to the truth, the division of the nations and the enumerated generation of the ancestors. Also the times of the inhabitants, the waging of wars, and the times of the Judges, the dispensations, and the years of the Kings, and the times of the Prophets—who were born from which kings, and what captivities of the people occurred, under which kings and which judges; and which priests existed at which times, and what destruction took place. And in what way the generation of the seed of Israel from the Patriarchs was completed in CHRIST, and how many and of what magnitude, through how many times, the years are counted from the creation of the world up to this day.

We have thought it best, beginning from Genesis according to the exposition of the words, as it is fitting, to set forth 7, not from any part of our own, but to bear witness from the holy Scriptures themselves. Hence, therefore, seizing the occasion, we make a discourse in order from Genesis. HERE BEGINS THE NARRATION. FIRST SECTION. The book of the generation of men. On the day on which God made Adam, he made him to the image of God. Now Adam lived 230 years and begot Seth. Now Seth lived 205 years and begot Enos. And Enos lived 161 years and begot Cainan. And Cainan lived 170 years and begot Malaleel. [Malaleel lived] 165 years and begot Jared. And Jared lived 162 years and begot Enoch. And Enoch lived 165 years and begot Mathusalam. And Mathusalam lived 167 years and begot Lamec. And Lamec lived 188 years and begot Noe. And Noe was 500 years old, and begot three sons, Sem, Cham and Japhet.

After one hundred years, however, after Sem was born, the flood occurs, when Noe was six hundred years old. Therefore from Adam up to the Flood there are 11 generations, 2,242 years. These are the generations of Sem. When Sem was one hundred years old, he begot Arfaxat in the second year after the Flood. And Arfaxat lived 135 years and begot Cainan. And Cainan lived 130 years and begot Sale. And Sale lived 130 years and begot Heber. And Heber lived 134 years and begot Phalee. Up to this point there are 5 generations, 529 years; from Adam, however, there are 15 generations, 1,771 years. SECTION II. The division of the earth and concerning the three sons of Noe. After the flood, however, the three tribes of the three brothers, Sem, Cham, and Japhet, were divided. And Sem indeed, the firstborn, extends from Persia and Bactria as far as India far and wide and as far as Rhinocorura. Cham, however, the second, from Rhinocorura as far as Gades, Japhet, however, the third, from Media as far as Gades, to the 8th Buroam.

Japheth, however, has the Tigris River, which divides Media and Babylonia; Sem has the Euphrates, and Cham has the Geon, which is called the Nile. The languages were, however, confused after the flood. There were, moreover, seventy-two languages that were confused, and those who were building the Tower were seventy-two peoples, who were also divided among the languages over the face of the whole earth. Nimrod, moreover, the giant, son of Cush, an Ethiopian, in the scarcity of food, by hunting supplied wild beasts for sustenance. These, however, are the seventy-two names. SECTION III. The sons of Japheth. Gomer 10, from whom the Cappadocians... Magog, from whom the Celts and Galatians. Madai, from whom the Medes. Javan, from whom the Greeks and Ionians. Tubal, whence also the Thalians. Meshech, whence the Illyrians. Tiras, whence the Thracians. Kittim, whence the Macedonians. And the sons of Gomer, Ashkenaz, from whom the Sarmatians. Riphat, from whom the Sauromatians. Togarmah, from whom the Armenians. And the sons of Javan, Elisha, whence the Sicilians. Tarshish, from whom the Iberians, who are also the Tyrrhenians. Kittim, from whom the Romans, who are also the Latins, Rhodians: all fifteen.

From these arose the islands of the peoples; the Cyprians, however, are from the Citians. From Japheth indeed we find, and those who are to the north, from that same tribe of the Citians. There are also from these the peoples who are in Hellas, except for those who later arrived there: the kings who inhabited the city honored among the Greeks, Athens and Thebes; for the Sidonians are their inhabitants; and all others likewise migrated afterward to Hellas. We know these things from the Law and the Prophets. There were, therefore, from Japheth at the confusion of the Tower fifteen tribes. And these peoples of Japheth were spread from Media as far as the western Ocean, extending as far as the north. The Medes, Albanians, Garganians, Arrei, Armenians, Amazons, Culi, Gorzieni, Benageni, Cappadocians, Paphlagonians, Mariandyni, Tibareni, Chalybes, Mossynoeci, Colchians, Melancheni, Sarmatians, Sauromatians, Maeotians, Scythians, Tauri, Thracians, Bastarnae, Illyrians, Macedonians, Hellenes, Greeks, Libyans, Istrians, Vieni, Daunii, Dapnes, Calabrians, Piceni, Latins who are also Romans, Tyrrhenians, Gauls who are also Celts, Libyestini, Celtiberians, Iberians, Gauls, Aquitanians, Illyrians, Basanotae, Cyrtians, Lusitanians, Vaccaei, Cunienses, Britons who also dwell in the islands.

Those of them who know letters are these: the Iberians, the Latins who are called Romans, the Spaniards, the Greeks, the Armenians. Their borders extend as far as Gades to the north, from the river Potameda as far as Mastusiadilioa. Their lands are these: Media, Albania, Amazonis, Lesser Armenia, Greater Armenia, Cappadocia, Paphlagonia, Galatia, the Hill of India, Bosphorma, Mediaerris, Sarmatia, Tauriana, Scythias, Bastarnia, Thrace, Macedonia, Soft Dalmatia, Thessaly, Locris, Boeotia, Aetolia, Attica, Achaea, Pellenia which is called the Peloponnese, Arcanea, Epirotia, Illyria, Aodimus, Hadriace from which the Adriatic Sea, Calatia, Lusitania, Italy, Thusgene, Massalia, the Celtes, Gaul, Spain, the Gauls, Iberia, Greater Spain. Thus far ends the land of Japheth, as far as all the British Isles facing the north. Moreover, these are their islands: the British Isles, Sicily, Euboea, Rhodes, Chios, Lesbos, Cythera, Zacynthus, Cephallenia, Ithaca, Corcyra, and the Cyclades Islands, and a certain part of Asia which is called Ionia.

The river, however, is the Tigris, which divides Media and Babylonia. These are the borders of Japheth. SECTION IV. Now the sons of Ham: Cush, from whom the Ethiopians. Mizraim, from whom the Egyptians. Phut, from whom the Troglodytes. Canaan, from whom the Africans and Phoenicians. And the sons of Cush: Saba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, and Sabteca. Now the sons of Raamah: Sheba and Dedan. And Cush begot Nimrod. The lands of the Egyptians, with their father Mizraim. For it says: And Mizraim begot Ludim, from whom the Lydians; Anamim, from whom the Pamphylians; Lehabim, from whom the Libyans, Naphtuhim and Pathrusim, from whom the Cretans; Casluhim, from whom the Lycians, from whom the Philistines came forth; and Caphtorim, from whom the Cilicians. The lands of the Canaanites, with their father, are twelve. For it says: And Canaan begot Sidon the firstborn, from whom the Sidonians, and the Hittite, and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite, and the Hivite, and the Arkite, from whom the Tripolitans and the Sinite, and the Arvadite, from whom the Aradians, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite, from whom the Hamathians.

Their habitation, however, is from Rhinocorura as far as Gades. From these, moreover, are born kings or peoples: the Ethiopians, Troglodytes, Aggei, Isabini, Ichthyophagi, Velanni, Egyptians, Phoenicians, Libyans, Marmaridae, Charisilittae, Mysi, Mossynoeci, Phrygians, Magones, Bithynians, Nomades, Lycinti, Mariandeni, Pamphylians, Minisci, Pisidians, Lycaonians, Cilicians, Maurusii, Cretans, Magartae, Numidians, Macrones, Nasamones. These possess from Egypt as far as the Ocean. Moreover, the islands common to these are the following: Corsica, Lipara, Gaudos, Melita, Cercina, Meninx, Sardinia, Galata, Corsura, Crete, Gaulos, Rheda, Ethera, Carpathus, Astypalaea, Chios, Lesbos, Tenedos, Imbros, Iassus, Cos, Cnidos, Nisyros, Megiste, Cyprus. Now those among them who are literate are these: the Phoenicians, Egyptians, Pamphylians, Phrygians. Moreover, the borders of Ham are from Rhinocorura, which divides Syria and Egypt, as far as Gades in length.

The names of the peoples, moreover, are these: Egypt and Ethiopia, which stretches toward India, and another Ethiopia, whence the river of the Ethiopians proceeds; Erythraea, which is red, extending toward the East; Thebea of Libya, which extends as far as the Syrtes, having these peoples: the Nasamones, Macae, Tautamei; Libya, which extends from Leptis as far as the lesser Syrtis; Numidia, Masseria, Mauretania, which extends as far as the Pillars of Hercules, that is, the Heracleotic columns opposite Gades. It has, moreover, on the northern maritime side: Cilicia, Pamphylia, Pisidia, Mysia, Lycaonia, Phrygia, Camalia, Lycia, Caria, Lydia, another Mysia, the Troad, Aeolis, ancient Bithynia, Upper Phrygia. It also has these islands: Sardinia, Crete, Cyprus, and the river Geon, which is called the Nile. It divides, moreover, between Ham and between Japheth, the waters of the western sea. This is the middle generation of Ham. SECTION V. Concerning Shem, moreover, the elder son of Noah, there are twenty-five known tribes; they dwelt toward the East.

The sons of Shem: Elam, from whom come the Elymaeans and the Assyrians; and Arphaxad, from whom come the Chaldaeans and the Ludim, from whom come the Lazones; and Aram, from whom come the Ethes; these earlier ones Abraham cut off; and the sons of Aram: Oscevi, from whom come the Lydians; and Gart, from whom come the Gaspheni; and Mosoc, from whom come the Mossyni; and Arphaxad begot Salah, and Salah begot Eber, from whom come the Hebrews; and from Eber two sons were born, Peleg and Deboc, from whom the lineage of Abraham is drawn; and Tactem, and Joktan. Joktan, moreover, begot Elmodad, from whom come the Indians; and Salef, from whom come the Bactrians; and Asarmoth, from whom come the earlier Arabs; and Duran, from whom come the Arians; and Declam, from whom come the Cedrusi; and Gebal, from whom come the earlier Scythians; and Abimeel, from whom come the Hyrcanians; and Sabat, from whom come the first Arabs; and Uphir, from whom come the Armenians; and OEvilat, from whom come the Gymnosophists. All these are Bactrians. Now all from the three sons of Noah are seventy-two. Now the habitation of all the sons of Shem is from Bactra as far as Rhinocorura, which divides Syria and Egypt, and the Red Sea from the mouth of Arsinoe, which is in India.

These, however, are the peoples which have arisen from them: the Hebrews, who are the Jews, the Persians, the Medes, the Phoenicians, the Arians, the Hyrcanians, the Assyrians, the Indians, the Macardi, the Parthians, the Germans, the Elymaeans, the Cessei, the first Arabs, the Cedrusii, the Scythians, the further Arabs, the wise men who are called Gymnosophists, the naked wise men. Their habitation, moreover, extends as far as Rhinocorura and Cilicia. Now those among them who know letters are these: the Jews, the Persians, the Medes, the Chaldaeans, the Indians, the Assyrians. Moreover, the habitation of them, that is, of the sons of Shem, extends in length indeed from India as far as Rhinocorura; in breadth, however, from Persis and Bactria as far as India. Now the names of the regions are these: Persis, Bactriana, Hyrcania, Babylonia, Corbulia, Assyria, Mesopotamia, Arabia vetus, Alimales, India, Arabia Eudaemon, Coele-Syria, Commagene, and Phoenicia, which belong to the sons of Shem. SECTION VI.

The peoples, however, who have their own languages are these: the Hebrews, who are also the Jews, the Assyrians, the Chaldaeans, the Persians, the Medes, the Arabs, the Midianites, the Adiabenians, the Taleni, the Alamoseni, the Saracens, the Magi, the Caspians, the Albanians, the Indians, the Ethiopians, the Egyptians, the Libyans, the Hittites, the Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, the Girgashites, the Jebusites, the Idumaeans, the Samaritans, the Phoenicians, the Syrians, the Cilicians, the Tharsenses, the Cappadocians, the Armenians, the Iberians, the Libyans, the Scythians, the Colchians, the Sanni, the Bosphorani, the Asians, the Hisaurientes, the Lycaonians, the Pisidians, the Galatians, the Paphlagonians, the Phrygians, the Achaeans, the Thessalians, the Macedonians, the Thracians, the Mysians, the Bessi, the Dardanians, the Sarmatians, the Germans, the Pannonians, the Paeonians, the Noricans, the Dalmatians, the Romans, who are also the Latins, the Ligurians, the Gauls, who are also the Celts, the Aquitanians, the Britons, the Spaniards, who are also the Tyrrhenians, the Moors, the Baccuates, and the Massennes, the Gaetulians, the Africans, who are also the Barbarians, the Mazices, the Garamantes, who are also the Marmaridae, who extend as far as Ethiopia. SECTION VII. I have thought it necessary, moreover, to set forth the habitations of the peoples and their appellations.

I shall begin from the East: the inhabitants of the Persians and Medes are the Parthians and neighboring peoples, in peace as far as Coele-Syria. The inhabitants of the Arabs are the Arabes Eudaemones: for they are called by this name. The inhabitants of the Chaldaeans are the Mesopotamians. The inhabitants of the Midianites are the Cynedocolpitae and the Troglodytae and the Ichthyophagi. Of the Greeks, however, the nations and names are five: the Ionians, Arcadians, Boeotians, Aeolians, Laconians. Their inhabitants were the Pontici, Bithynians, Trojans, Asiani, Carians, Legii, Pamphylians, Cyreneans, and many islands, that is, the Cyclades, ten of which contain the My(??)ti sea. These are their names: Andros, Tenos, Naxos, Ceos, Gyaros, Delos, Fynus, Rhenea, Cyrnos, Marathon. There are also other larger islands, twelve, which also have very many cities, which are called Sporades, in which the Greeks dwelt. These are their names: Euboea, Crete, Sicily, Cyprus, Cos, Samos, Rhodes, Chios, Thapsus, Lemnos, Lesbos, Samothrace. Now Euboea is off Boeotia: just as from Ionia there are these sixteen Ionian cities: Clazomenae, Mytilene, Phocaea, Priene, Erythrae, Samos, Teos, Colophon, Cius, Ephesus, Smyrna, Perinthus, Byzantium, Chalcedon, Pontus, and free Amisus.

Of the Romans, who are also called Citienses, these are the peoples and habitations: the Tuscans, the Aemilians, the Picentes, the Campanians, the Apulians, the Lucanians. Of the Africans, these are the peoples and habitations: the Lebdeni, the Cinti, the Numidians, the Nasamones, the Saci. Moreover, these are the islands which have cities: Sardinia, Corsica, Girda which is also called Benigga, Cercyna, Galata. Of the Moors, however, these are the peoples and habitations: the Musulani, the Tingitani, the Caesarienses. Of the Spaniards, moreover, these are the peoples and habitations: the Tyranni and the Turrenori, who are also called Terraconenses, the Lusitanians, the Baetici, the Autrycones, the Vascones, the Callaeci who are also called Astures. Moreover, the islands which pertain to Hispania Terraconensis are three, which are called the Balearic Islands. They have these cities: Ebusus, Palma, Pollentia which is called Majorica, Tomaene, Magone which is called Minorica. The inhabitants of these were Canaanites fleeing from the face of Joshua son of Nun: for also Sidon, which they founded, were themselves Canaanites. Moreover, the Jebusites founded Gades, and they likewise were fugitives.

Of the Gauls of Narbonensis, these are the peoples and habitations: the Amaxobii in Greek, the Sarmatae. And this indeed was necessary to declare to you, lest you be ignorant of the names of unknown peoples, and the peoples, and the manifest rivers. SECTION VIII. I shall therefore begin to speak of the peoples from the East. The Adiabenici and the Taleni opposite Arabia, the Saracens, other Saracens the Ataleni opposite Arabia, the Albani opposite the Caspian Gates. The greater Madianites, whom Moses conquered, between Mesopotamia and the Red Sea: the lesser Madian, however, is opposite the Red Sea near Egypt, where Ravel, the father-in-law of Moses, who is also Jothro, reigned. Opposite the Cappadocians on the right side, the Armenians, the Iberians, the Birrani, the Scythians, the Colchians, the Bosphornni, the Sani who are called Sannices, extending as far as Pontus; where there is Accessus, Absarus, and Sebastopolis, Usillimen which is a port, and the river Pasius, these peoples extend as far as Trapezus. The mountains, moreover, are twelve in number: Caucasus, Taurus, Atlas, Parnassus, Cithaeron, Helicon, Parthenius, Nysa, Lucabantus, Penius, Olympus, Libanus.

The great and named rivers are 41: the Indus, which is also the Pishon; the Nile, which is also the Gihon; the Tigris, the Euphrates, the Jordan, the Ceflsos, the Tanais, the Menos, the Erimanthus, the Alys, the Asopus, the Thermodon, the Erasinus, the Rius, the Borusthenes, the Alpheus, the Taurus, the Eurotas, the Meander, the Hermus, 666. the Axius, the Pyramus, the Bajus, the Hebron, the Sangarius, the Achelous, the Peneus, the Ebenus, the Sperchius, the Cayster, the Simois, the Scamander, the Strymon, the Parthenius, the Ister, the Illarius, which is also the Danube; the Rhine, the Rhone, the Baetis, the Eridanus, the Thember, which is now called the Tiber. Therefore, the threefold world of the three sons of Noah is divided. And indeed, Shem, the firstborn, received the East; Ham, however, the Mediterranean; Japheth, the West. And, with the peoples having been shown, from which they were created, we will necessarily proceed to the years. SECTION IX. Peleg, at 130 years, begat Reu. Reu, at 132 years, begat Serug. Serug, at 130 years, begat Nahor. Nahor, at 79 years, begat Terah.

Thara at age 70 begat Abraham. Abraham, however, was 75 years old at the time when God commanded him to leave his land and his father’s house and to come into the land of Canaan. Thus from the division until Abraham came into the land of Canaan there are five generations, 616 years; from Adam, however, 20 generations, 1,387 years. He dwelt among the Canaanites for 25 years and begat Isaac. Isaac at age 60 begat Jacob. Jacob at age 76 begat Levi. Levi at age 40 begat Kohath. Kohath at age 60 begat Amram. Amram at age 70 begat Aaron. In the 83rd year of Aaron, the children of Israel went out of Egypt, with Moses leading them. Thus all the years are 430. The people spend 40 years in the desert under Moses. Joshua, son of Nun, after crossing the Jordan, spends 27 years in the land, wages war for 7 years, and after possessing the land lives 20 years.

Thus from the time when Abraham came into the land of Canaan until the death of Joshua son of Nun, there are 7 generations, 500 years; from Adam, however, 27 generations, 3,384 years. SECTION 10. After the death of Joshua, however, the sinning people are delivered to Cushan-rishathaim, king of Mesopotamia, whom they serve for 8 years; and when they cried out to the Lord, Othniel, the younger brother of Caleb from the tribe of Judah, rose up, who denounced this same Cushan-rishathaim and slew him, and held the leadership of the people for 31 years. And again, while they sinned, they were delivered to Eglon, king of Moab, and served him for 18 years. When the people had turned back, Ehud, a man from the tribe of Ephraim, rose up, and after slaying Eglon, ruled the people for 80 years. After the death of Ehud, the delinquent people were delivered to Jabin, king of the Canaanites, whom they served for 20 years. Under him Deborah, wife of Lapidoth from the tribe of Ephraim, prophesied; and through her, Barak son of Abinoam, from the tribe of Naphtali, held the leadership. He denounced King Jabin and slew him, and ruled as judge together with Deborah for 40 years.

After his death the people sinned, and were delivered to the Midianites for seven years, over whom arose Gideon of the tribe of Manasseh, who with three hundred men destroyed one hundred twenty thousand of the enemy. He ruled the people for forty years. His son was Abimelech. After him, Thole son of Fale, son of Caram, of the tribe of Ephraim, presided over the people for twenty years. After him, Jair the Gileadite of the tribe of Manasseh judged and presided for twenty-two years. After him, the people sinned and were delivered to the Ammonites for eighteen years, and when they cried out to the Lord, there arose for them the prince Jephthah the Gileadite, of the tribe of Gad, from the city of Mizpah, and he held leadership for six years. After him, Elon judged for ten years. After him, Hebron son of Allelon of Pirathon, of the tribe of Ephraim, judged for eight years. After him, the people sinned and were delivered to the Philistines for forty years. After these things, the children of Israel having turned back, there arose Samson, son of Manoah, of the tribe of Dan. He fought the Philistines and held leadership for twenty years.

After him, Eli the priest judged for twenty years. Afterwards, Samuel the prophet anointed Saul as king, and he himself judged the people for thirty years. After a time, when David was reigning, he brought out the ark from the house of Aminadab, and turned aside the calves; and when he was returning, the son of Aminadab, named Oza, put forth his hand and was struck down. And David feared, and brought it into the house of Abeddara the Gittite, and it remained there three months. Now Saul reigned for thirty years. His commander was Abner, son of Ner. And Samuel himself anointed David as king. Therefore from Joshua until the time when David began to reign over the tribe of Judah, there are nine generations, 480 years; from Adam, however, thirty-four generations, 4,364 years. SECTION XI. Next, David reigned for forty years and six months. In Hebron he reigned for seven years and six months, and in Jerusalem for thirty-three years. Under him, the priest was Abiathar, son of Abimelech, from the line of Eli, and from another region, Zadok.

In the time of David, Gad and Nathan were prophesying. David had as his commander Joab, the son of Zeruiah, David’s sister. This man numbered the people; and the number of the sons of Israel whom he counted was one million one hundred thousand: the sons of Judah, however, were four hundred and seventy thousand. He did not number Levi and Benjamin. The number of those who fell from Israel was seventy thousand. After David, his son Solomon reigned for forty years, and under him Nathan was still prophesying: also Ahijah of Shiloh, and among them the priest Zadok. After Solomon, his son Rehoboam reigned for fourteen years: under him the kingdom was divided, and Jeroboam, the servant of Solomon, from the tribe of Ephraim, reigned in Samaria. And under Jeroboam, Ahijah the Shilonite and Shemaiah the son of Olami were prophesying. After Rehoboam, his son Abijah reigned for seventeen years. After Abijah, his son Asa reigned for forty-one years. In his old age he suffered from pain in his feet. Under him, Azariah was prophesying.

After Asa, his son Jehoshaphat reigned for 25 years. Under him, Elijah prophesied, and Micah son of Imlah, and Obadiah son of Ananiah. Under Micah, however, there was the false prophet Zedekiah son of Chenaanah. After Jehoshaphat, his son Joram reigned for 20 years, and under him Elijah prophesied, and after him Elisha prophesied under Joram’s son Ahaziah, under whom the people in Samaria ate their own sons and dove dung, while Joram was reigning in Samaria. After Joram, his son Ahaziah reigned for one year, and under him Gothol and Labdon prophesied. After him, Athaliah, the mother of Ahaziah, reigned for 8 years. Rising up, she killed the children of her son; for she was of the lineage of Ahab, king of Israel. But Zosabaae, the sister of Ahaziah, since she was the wife of Jehoiada the priest, stole Joash, the son of Ahaziah, and Jehoiada the priest placed the rule upon him. Under Athaliah, Elisha prophesied.

After this, Joash son of Ahaziah reigned for 40 years. He killed Zechariah son of Jehoiada the priest. After Joash, his son Amaziah reigned for 8 years. After Amaziah, his son Uzziah reigned for 52 years. He was a leper until he died. However, his son Jotham judged under him. Under Uzziah, Amos and his son Isaiah, and Hosea son of Beeri, and Jonah son of Amittai from Gath-hepher prophesied. After Uzziah, his son Jotham reigned for 16 years. Under him, the prophets Isaiah, Hosea, Micah the Morasthite, and Joel son of Pethuel. After Jotham, his son Ahaz reigned for 15 years, and under him the prophets Isaiah, Hosea, and Micah, and the priest Uriah. Under him, Shalmaneser king of the Assyrians deported those who were in Samaria to Media and Babylonia. After Ahaz, his son Hezekiah reigned for 25 years. Under him, the prophets Isaiah, Micah, and Hosea. After Hezekiah, his son Manasseh for 55 years.

After Manasseh, his son Amon reigned for two years. After Amon, his son Josiah reigned for 31 years. He destroyed the idols and the altar of Samaria. Under him, the Passover was celebrated in the 18th year of his reign. For from the time Joshua son of Nun died, the Passover had not been kept as it was then. Under him, Hilkiah the priest, father of the prophet Jeremiah, found the book of the Law in the sanctuary in the 18th year of Josiah’s reign. Moreover, under him prophesied Huldah the wife of Shallum from the priestly vestment, and Zephaniah and Jeremiah, under whom the false prophet Hananiah also prophesied. After Josiah, Zephaniah reigned for five years and eleven months. After Zephaniah, his son Jehoahaz reigned for four months. Necho king of Egypt bound him and led him into Egypt, having set up in his place Eliakim, who was renamed Jehoiakim, who reigned for 11 years. Under him prophesied Jeremiah, and Buzi, and Uriah son of Shemaiah from Kiriath-jearim. Nebuchadnezzar bound King Jehoiakim with bronze chains and led him into Babylon.

After Joachim, his son Joachim reigned for three years; and Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, led him away in fetters to him, along with others. In his place, his brother Joachim, whose name is Zedekiah, also called Jeconiah, was appointed, and he reigned for 11 years. In the twelfth year, he transported him to Babylon, having put out his eyes, and led the people away with him, except for a few who later went down into Egypt. Under Zedekiah, Jeremiah and Habakkuk prophesied; in the ninth year of his reign, Ezekiel prophesied in Babylon. After him, the prophets Nahum and Malachi, and Daniel, who saw the vision of the weeks in the first year of King Darius, son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes, who ruled over the kingdom of the Chaldeans. In the first year of his reign, Cyrus allowed the people to return to Jerusalem. At the time when the temple was built, Haggai and Zechariah prophesied together; after them, Nehemiah, son of Acheli, of the seed of Israel, built the city of Jerusalem, when he was of the years of King Artaxerxes; and after him, the second Mordecai.

SECTION 12. Thus from David to Zedekiah, who is also Jeconiah, at the time of the deportation, there are 18 generations, 478 years and 9 months; but from Adam to the Babylonian deportation under Jeconiah, there are 51 generations, 4 years, 1,842 years and 9 months. And after the Babylonian deportation, up to the generation of Christ, there are 14 generations, 660 years; and from the generation of Christ to the Passion, 30 years; and from the Passion to this year, which is the 13th year of the reign of Alexander, 206 years. Thus all the years from Adam to the 13th year of the Emperor Alexander amount to 5 years, 1,738 years. But in order to show also in another way, not only through the times of the kings, but also from when Passover was observed, we will set forth the years, counting them together. From Adam to the Flood, 2 years, 1,242 years. From the Flood to the departure of Abraham from his land, 1,145 years. From this point until the Israelites left Egypt, with Moses leading them out, when they also celebrated Passover, there are 430 years.

From the exodus out of Egypt until the crossing of the Jordan, when Joshua celebrated the Passover, there are 41 years. Hezekiah celebrated the Passover after 464 years. After Hezekiah, Josiah celebrated the Passover in the 114th year. After Josiah, Ezra celebrated the Passover after 108 years. After Ezra, up to the generations of Christ, the Passover is observed after 563 years. But from the generation of Christ, after 30 years, when the Lord suffered, the Passover is celebrated; for He Himself was the true Passover. From the passion of the Lord up to the 13th year of the reign of the Emperor Alexander Caesar, there are 206 years; the Passover has been observed, which is observed by us in commemoration of our Lord Jesus Christ. Therefore, all the years from Adam up to this day amount to 5,738 years. SECTION 13. The Persian kings from the time of Cyrus. Cyrus reigned over the Persians for 30 years. After him, Cambyses for nine years.

Smerdius the Magus for eight months. Darius for 36 years. Xerxes for 26 years. Artaxerxes Longimanus for 36 years. Xerxes for sixty days. Sogdianus for seven months. Darius Nothus for 18 years. Artaxerxes, brother of Cyrus the Younger, for 62 years. Ochus, who is also Artaxerxes, for 23 years and seven months. Arses Nothus for three years. Darius for 12 years. This is the one whom Alexander of Macedon deposed in the war, which was indescribable. All these years total 245. After these, the times are already clear among the Greeks from the institution of the Olympiads: for up to Alexander of Macedon there were 114 Olympiads, which make 456 years, from Iphitus who established the Olympiads. From Alexander up to Christ, 80 Olympiads, which are 320 years. From Christ, moreover, up to the 13th year of the reign of Alexander, 58 Olympiads, which are 236 years. Therefore, all the Olympiads up to the 13th year of Alexander Caesar are 253 Olympiads, which are 1012 years.

SECTION XVI. The Names of the Creature. Adam, Seth, Enos, Cainan, Malaleel, Jared, Enoch, Methuselah, Lamech, Noah, Shem, Arphaxad, Salah, Eber, Peleg, under whom the earth was divided, Reu, Serug, Nahor, Terah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Judah, Perez, Hezron, Ram, Aminadab, Nahshon, Salmon, Boaz, Obed, Jesse, David, Solomon, Rehoboam, Abijah, Asa, Jehoshaphat, Joram, Ahaziah, Joash, Amaziah, Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, Manasseh, Amon, Josiah. Josiah, moreover, begot Johanan and Jehoiakim and his brothers, Eliakim who is also Jehoiakim, and Zedekiah who is also called Jeconiah and Shallum. In the Babylonian captivity, however, Jehoiakim begot Jeconiah and Zedekiah. Jeconiah, moreover, begot Shealtiel, Fanneam and Sale, Saer and Jeconiah, Ortamno and Deebi and Filifania, Zerubbabel and his brothers Abiut and Meshullam and Hananiah, and Saladi their sister, and Sedbel and Thoul, and Archia, and Asadia, and Sobesec.

The sanctuary was built in the time of Zorobabel, whose son was Abiud; then Eliachim, Azor, Sadoc, Achim, Holiud, Eleazar, Mathan, Jacob, Joseph, to whom the Virgin Mary was betrothed, who bore Jesus Christ from the Holy Spirit. SECTION XV. The Names of the Prophets. Adam, Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Aaron, Joshua son of Nun, Heldad and Modat, Nathan, David, Solomon, Elmodac, Ahijah the Shilonite, Shemaiah son of Elam, Ananias, Elijah, Micaiah son of Imlah, Obadiah, Elisha, Abladan, Amos, Isaiah, Hosea son of Beeri, Jonah, Micah, Raban, Joel son of Pethuel, Jeremiah son of Hilkiah the priest, Zephaniah, Buz, Ezekiel, Uriah, Shemaiah, Habakkuk, Nahum, Daniel, Malachi, Haggai, Zechariah, and under Christ Simeon and John the Baptist. Likewise the Women Prophetesses: Sarah, Rebecca, Miriam the sister of Moses, Deborah, Oholibah, and under Christ Anna, Elizabeth, Mary who bore Christ.

SECTION XVI. Names of the kings. Saul of the Tribe of Benjamin. After the kingdom was transferred to the Tribe of Judah: David, Solomon, Rehoboam, Abijah, Asa, Jehoshaphat, Joram, Ahaziah, Joatham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, Manasseh, Amos, Josiah, Jehoiakim, Eliakim, Zedekiah, and Jeconiah: under him the deportation took place under Nebuchadnezzar. Names of the kings who reigned in Samaria over the ten tribes from the time the kingdom was divided: Jeroboam son of Nebat, 22 years. Nadab his son, 2 years. Baasha son of Ahijah, 24 years. He avenged the house of Jeroboam. Elah son of Baasha, 2 years. Zimri, 12 years. Omri, 12 years. Ahab his son, 22 years. Ahaziah, son of Ahab, and Joram son of Jehoshaphat, 12 years. Under him those who were in Samaria ate their own sons and dove dung. Jehu, son of Nimshi, 28 years. He was pious at the beginning: he took vengeance upon the house of Ahab, killing Joram and Jezebel, and Ahaziah king of Judah.

Joachaz for 17 years. Joas, his son, for 16 years. This man killed King Amaziah and destroyed 400 cubits of the wall of Jerusalem. Jeroboam, son of Joas, for 15 years. Azarias, son of Jeroboam, for three months. Selem, son of Abia, for one month. Unornane, son of Gadi, for ten years. Falacias Manaae for two years. Facea, son of Romelia, for ten years. This man besieged Jerusalem while Ahaz was reigning, but did not capture it. Osee, son of Dale, for eight years. Under him the ten tribes were transferred into the region of the Medes by Salmanassar, who, having taken Osee himself bound, departed, while Ahaz was reigning over the two tribes in Jerusalem. SECTION XVII. Names of the Priests. Aaron begot Eleazar, Phineas, Achias, Razaza, Moriat, Arnaria, Amitob, Settis, Achivas; his son was the prophet Elijah; and Salon, Joram, Amos son of Joada, Sedecias, Sedecia, Jehel, Uria, Tieem, Salon who begot Celcias, whose son was the prophet Jeremiah, and Azarias son of Azazae, Sareu, Josedech who begot Jesus who was priest when the temple was restored after the captivity, Celicias, Joachim, Caedue.

Another lineage, from which came the prophet Ezekiel: Jode, Fatuea, Amorius, Zadiar, Samuhel, Evexia, Melchius, Salon, Comorius, Barracim, Soffonias, Maxses, Celcius, Buzi, Ezekiel. Another lineage, from which came Eli the Priest, whose sons Phinehas and Hophni seized the offerings. Prince of the lineage from the sons of Gaad, Ahimelech, Abiathar, Uriah, Nathan, Eli. The Levitical lineage, from which came the prophet Samuel: Korah, who opposed Moses; his son Elkanah, Suph and Abiar, Zeraam, Chelchanu, Samuel. He had two sons who were takers of bribes, Joel and Habbiah. The beginning of the lineage of the Levites, from which come the priests, ministers, and Levites. Amram, son of Kohath, son of Levi, son of Jacob. Levi begot Gershon and Kohath and Merari. The sons of Gershon, however, were Shimei and Emcher. These are the sons of the Levites and the sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, Uzziel. Amram begot Moses and Aaron and Miriam. Aaron begot, from Elisheba, sister of Nahshon, Nadab and Abihu and Eleazar and Ithamar. Now Nadab and Abihu died, offering alien fire. After Aaron, Eleazar received the priesthood; after Eleazar, Phinehas. Ithamar, however, and his son: and Izhar, moreover, brother of Amram, himself a Levite. His sons were Korah and Nepheg and Zichri; and the sons of Korah were Assir and Elkanah and Abiasaph. This Korah opposed Moses and Aaron, and was swallowed up in the earth at Viriseel. Hebron, brother of Amram, Aercius, his sons Mishael, Elzaphan, and Seth and Dille. (??) The Levites were handed over.

All of Aaron and his sons, however, were for the Ark of the Covenant, to serve it and to carry it; and the tenth part was assigned to them, initiated for the priests, and the firstborn, and what was established for sacrifices, and for the firstborn, and the law designated for the Levites was decreed, that whatever they received from the people from the tithes, they should give tithes to the priests, so that it might be considered for them as an offering. At their beginning, six Cities of Refuge were also given to them, and around each city, two thousand cubits of arable meadowland, and forty-two other cities; ten for the priests, and thirteen for the Levites. I think we have spoken more broadly than we hoped, yet these things are necessary for those who wish to inquire more scrupulously and have read much: whom I consider able to perceive easily what has been written. But also those who have read little can more easily arrive at understanding from those things that have been declared by us through a brief inquiry.

SECTION 18. The Macedonian kings according to the Alexandrians. Alexander, son of Philip, after Darius, 7 years. Ptolemy, son of Lagus, father-in-law, 52 years. Ptolemy his son, Philadelphus, 38 years. Ptolemy his son, Euergetes, 30 years. Ptolemy, son of Euergetes, 25 years. Ptolemy Philopator, 17 years. Ptolemy his brother, 23 years. Ptolemy Physcus, 2 years. Euergetes, 26 years. Ptolemy Alexas, 20 years. Alexander, brother of Ptolemy Alexas, 18 years. Ptolemy Dionysius, 29 years. Cleopatra his daughter, 25 years. Total together: 346 years. The following are absent from Canisius. SECTION 19. The Roman Emperors. Augustus, 57 years. Tiberius, 22 years, 7 months, 23 days. Gaius, 3 years, 9 months. Claudius, 13 years, 1 month, 28 days. Nero, 13 years, 8 months, 28 days. Galba, 5 months, 26 days.

Otho eight months, seven days. Vitellius nine months, fifteen days. Titus three years, two months, two days. Trajan seventeen years, eight months, six days. Hadrian twenty years, ten months, eighteen days. Antoninus Pius eight months, twenty-two days. Marcus nineteen years, five months, twelve days. Commodus twelve years, eight months, twenty-four days. Aelius Pertinax seven months. Julianus two months, seven days. Severus fourteen years. Antoninus, surnamed Caracalla, son of Severus, six years, nine months, two days. Macrinus one year, six days. Antonius six years, eight months, twenty-eight days. Alexander thirteen years, nine days. SECTION 20. Kings of the Hebrews. Saul thirty years. David forty years. Solomon forty years. Rehoboam seventeen years. Abijah three years. Asa forty-one years. Jehoshaphat twenty-five years. Jehoram nine years. Ahaziah one year, Athaliah the mother eight years, Joash forty years. Amaziah thirty-eight years. Uzziah fifty-eight years. Jotham sixteen years. Ahaz seventeen years. Hezekiah thirty-nine years. Manasseh fifty-five years. Amon two years. Josiah thirty-five years. Jehoiakim, brother of Jehoahaz, eleven years. Jehoiachin, son of Hemeras, three years of captivity, Zedekiah forty years. Nebuchadnezzar returned fifteen years. Cymaroth, his son, twelve years. Belshazzar, his brother, fourteen years. Darius Ahasuerus forty-three years. Cyrus one year.