Chronica Regum Visigothorum (Incertus) (Appendix IV)

Coptic	Rendering	Count	First
no glossary terms recorded

tmp1428.tmp1428.opp-lat1:1 · narrativemedium

Source

APPENDIX IV. CHRONICA REGUM VISIGOTHORUM. Era quadringentesima in Gotliis primus rex Athanaricus efficitur. Post hunc Alaricus; quo in It'alia mortuo, Athaulfus eligitur. Isto regnante, Gothi, relicta Italia, Gallias, ac postea Hispanias, occupant. Anni vero regum hac sununa notantur. Athanaricus (Era H.; An. Ch. 369) regnavit annos XIII. Alaricus (E. H. A. C. 382) regnavit annos XXVIII, in Italia. Athaulfus (E. H. 4i9; A. C. 411) regnavit anDOS VI. Segericus (E. H. 454; A. C. 416) regnavit annos VII. Alibi, semis tantum. Walia (E. H. 454; A. C. 416) regnavit an. DOS III. Theuderedus (E. H. 457; A. C. 419) regnavit annos XXXIII. Turismundus (E. H. 490; A. C. 452) regnavit annos III. Alibi I. Theudericus (E. H. 491; A. C. 453) regnavit annos VII. Alibi, XIII. Euricus (E. H. 504; A. C. 466) regnavit annos xv. Alias, XVII.

English

APPENDIX IV. CHRONICLE OF THE KINGS OF THE VISIGOTHS. In the four hundredth era, Athanaric becomes the first king among the Goths. After him, Alaric; upon his death in Italy, Athaulf is chosen. During his reign, the Goths, having left Italy, occupy Gaul, and later Spain. The years of the kings are noted in this summary. Athanaric (Era 407; Year of Christ 369) reigned 13 years. Alaric (Era 420; Year of Christ 382) reigned 28 years, in Italy. Athaulf (Era 457; Year of Christ 411) reigned 6 years. Segeric (Era 454; Year of Christ 416) reigned 7 years. Elsewhere, only half that. Walia (Era 454; Year of Christ 416) reigned 3 years. Theodered (Era 457; Year of Christ 419) reigned 33 years. Turismund (Era 490; Year of Christ 452) reigned 3 years. Elsewhere, 1. Theoderic (Era 491; Year of Christ 453) reigned 7 years. Elsewhere, 13. Euric (Era 504; Year of Christ 466) reigned 15 years. Elsewhere, 17.

Commentary

structuretextEra quadringentesima

The chronicle opens with 'Era quadringentesima' (the four hundredth era), using the Spanish Era system, which dates from 38 BC. This era number is a structural marker for the start of the Visigothic king list.

termtextGotliis

'Gotliis' is a variant spelling of 'Gothis' (Goths), common in late Latin manuscripts. The form reflects scribal variation rather than a distinct meaning.

backgroundtextAthanaricus

Athanaric (d. 381) was a Gothic ruler who led a persecution of Christians and later fled to Constantinople. His designation as 'first king' here reflects a later historiographical tradition, not contemporary Gothic kingship.

cautiontextSegericus

The name 'Segericus' is likely a scribal error for 'Segeric' (or 'Sigeric'), a Visigothic king who reigned briefly in 415. The manuscript's 'Segericus' may be a Latinized form, but the spelling is inconsistent with other sources.

receptiontextAlibi

The repeated 'Alibi' (elsewhere) indicates the chronicler consulted multiple sources with conflicting regnal lengths, a common feature in early medieval chronicles. This shows the text's composite nature.

datingtextEra H.

The abbreviations 'E. H.' and 'A. C.' stand for 'Era Hispanica' (Spanish Era) and 'Anno Christi' (Year of Christ). The Spanish Era dates are offset by 38 years from the Christian era, so Era 407 equals AD 369.

Open questions · 3

The manuscript's 'Gotliis' may be a scribal error for 'Gothis' or a regional variant.
The regnal years for Segeric, Turismund, Theoderic, and Euric are given with alternative figures ('Alibi'), indicating textual uncertainty.
The opening 'Era quadringentesima' (400) conflicts with the later entry 'Era 407' for Athanaric, suggesting a scribal error or a different starting point for the era count.

tmp1428.tmp1428.opp-lat1:2 · narrativehigh

Source

Alaricus (E. H. 521; A. C. 483) regnavit annos XXIII. Gisaleicus (E. H. 541; A. C. 506) regnavit annos ut, et in latebra annurn i. Alibi, xv. Theudericus (E. II. 549; A. C. 511) de Italia regnat in Hispania. tutelam agens Amalarico nepoti suo per consules annos XI. Alias, xv. Amalaricus (E. H. 561; A. C. 523) regnavit annos v. Thendis (E. II. 569; A. C. 531) regnavit annos VI, menses VI. Alias, a. XVII, In. v. Tbeudisclus (E. II. 586; A, C. 548) regnavit annum I, menses vi, dies XIII. Agila (E. II. 587; A. C. 549) regnavit Innos v, menses VI, dies XIII. Athanagildus (E. II. 592; A. C. 554) regnavit annos xv, menses vi. Alias, annus XIV. VACAT regnum menses v. LI alibi XIII. Livua (E. H. 605; A. C. 567) regnavit annum I. Leovigildus (E. H. GOG; A. C. 568) regnavit annos XVIII. Recaredus (E. H. 624; A. C. 586) regnavit annos xv, menses VI, dies x.

English

Alaric (Era 521; AD 483) reigned 23 years. Gesalec (Era 541; AD 506) reigned some years, and in hiding 1 year. Elsewhere, 15. Theoderic (Era 549; AD 511) from Italy rules in Spain, acting as guardian for his grandson Amalaric through consuls for 11 years. Elsewhere, 15. Amalaric (Era 561; AD 523) reigned 5 years. Theudis (Era 569; AD 531) reigned 6 years, 6 months. Elsewhere, 17 years, 5 months. Theudisclus (Era 586; AD 548) reigned 1 year, 6 months, 13 days. Agila (Era 587; AD 549) reigned 5 years, 6 months, 13 days. Athanagild (Era 592; AD 554) reigned 15 years, 6 months. Elsewhere, 14 years. The kingdom was vacant 5 months. Elsewhere, 13. Liuva (Era 605; AD 567) reigned 1 year. Leovigild (Era 606; AD 568) reigned 18 years. Reccared (Era 624; AD 586) reigned 15 years, 6 months, 10 days.

Commentary

structuretextAlaricus ... regnavit annos XXIII

The entry for Alaric (Era 521; AD 483) follows the standard formula of the chronicle: name, era, regnal years. The era count is consistent with the Hispanic Era system used throughout.

cautiontextGisaleicus ... in latebra annurn i. Alibi, xv

The text for Gesalec is corrupt: 'annurn' is likely a scribal error for 'annum i'. The phrase 'Alibi, xv' indicates a variant tradition giving 15 years, reflecting textual instability.

backgroundtextTheudericus ... de Italia regnat in Hispania. tutelam agens Amalarico nepoti suo per consules annos XI

Theoderic the Great, Ostrogothic king of Italy, ruled Spain as regent for his grandson Amalaric (511–526). The mention of 'consules' reflects Roman administrative forms used in the Visigothic kingdom.

datingtextVACAT regnum menses v. LI alibi XIII

After Athanagild, the chronicle notes a five-month interregnum ('VACAT regnum'). The variant 'alibi XIII' likely refers to a different source giving 13 years for Athanagild's reign, not the interregnum.

transmissiontextAlias ... Alibi

Repeated use of 'Alias' or 'Alibi' (elsewhere) signals that the chronicler collated multiple sources with conflicting regnal lengths, a common feature in early medieval manuscript transmission.

termtextE. H.

'E. H.' stands for Era Hispanica, the Hispanic Era dating system that begins in 38 BC. To convert to AD, subtract 38 from the era year (e.g., Era 521 = AD 483).

Open questions · 2

The reading 'annurn' for Gesalec is likely a scribal error for 'annum i', but the original intent is uncertain.
The variant reign lengths (e.g., Theuderic 11 or 15 years) reflect conflicting sources, not a single authoritative chronology.

tmp1428.tmp1428.opp-lat1:3 · narrativehigh

Source

Item Livua (E. II. 639; A. C. 601) regnavit annum i. Alias, II, menses VI. Witericus (E. H. 641; A. C. 603) regnavit annos VI, menses x. Gundemarus (E. II. 648;.4. C. 610) regnavit annum i, menses x, dies XIV. Sisebutus (E. H. 650; A. C. 612) regnavit annos VIII. menses II, dies XVI. Alias menses VI. Item Recaredus (E. H. 659; A. C. 621) regnavit mensos III. Alias, paucos dies. Suintila (E. II. 659; A. C. 624) regnavit annos x. Sisenandus (E. H. 669; A. C. 631) regnavit annos IV. menses XI. dies XIV. Chinyila (E. H. 674; A. C. 636) regnavit annos III, menses IX. dies IX. Tulga (E. H. 678; A. C. 640) regnavit annos II, menses IV. - Chindasuinthus (E. I,. 680; A. C. 642) annos VI. inenses VIII. dies XI. Item cum filio suo Domino Reccesuintho rege regnavit annos te, menses VIII, dies XI. Obiit pridie KaL Octobris, era DCXCI.

English

Likewise Liuva (Era 639; AD 601) reigned 1 year. Elsewhere, 2 years, 6 months. Witteric (Era 641; AD 603) reigned 6 years, 10 months. Gundemar (Era 648; AD 610) reigned 1 year, 10 months, 14 days. Sisebut (Era 650; AD 612) reigned 8 years, 2 months, 16 days. Elsewhere, 6 months. Likewise Reccared (Era 659; AD 621) reigned 3 months. Elsewhere, a few days. Suintila (Era 659; AD 624) reigned 10 years. Sisenand (Era 669; AD 631) reigned 4 years, 11 months, 14 days. Chintila (Era 674; AD 636) reigned 3 years, 9 months, 9 days. Tulga (Era 678; AD 640) reigned 2 years, 4 months. Chindasuinth (Era 680; AD 642) 6 years, 8 months, 11 days. Likewise with his son, the Lord King Reccesuinth, he reigned 6 years, 8 months, 11 days. He died on the day before the Kalends of October, Era 691.

Commentary

datingtextE. II. 639; A. C. 601

The era dates (E. II. 639 etc.) are Hispanic Era years, subtracting 38 to yield AD. The AD equivalents given in the draft are editorial calculations.

termtextItem

The Latin 'Item' (likewise) introduces a new king, often used in chronicles to mark a transition or a second reign of the same name.

cautiontextAlias

The word 'Alias' (elsewhere) signals variant reign lengths in other sources, indicating textual instability or differing traditions.

backgroundtextChindasuinthus ... cum filio suo Domino Reccesuintho rege

Chindasuinth (r. 642–653) associated his son Reccesuinth as co-king from 649, a practice common in Visigothic monarchy to secure succession.

datingtextObiit pridie KaL Octobris, era DCXCI

The death date of Chindasuinth is given as the day before the Kalends of October (30 September) in Era 691 (AD 653).

transmissiontextE. II. 639; A. C. 601

The era notation 'E. II.' likely stands for 'Era' with a numeral, but the 'II' may be a scribal error or abbreviation; the draft silently corrects to 'Era 639'.

Open questions · 2

The 'Alias' variants for Liuva, Sisebut, and Reccared suggest conflicting manuscript traditions; the draft follows one reading.
The reign length for Chindasuinth is repeated (6 years, 8 months, 11 days) with and without his son, possibly a scribal duplication.

tmp1428.tmp1428.opp-lat1:4 · narrativehigh

Source

Reccesuinlhus (E. H. 687; A. C. 649) regnavit annos XXIII, menses vu, dies xi. Obiit Kal. Septombribus, die foria, hora. 3, era 710, anno incarnationis Domini nostri Jesu Chrisli 672, anni cycli decennovennalis 8, luna 3. Idem cum patre quo regnavil annos IV, mense VIII, dies xi. Suscepit autem domnus Wamba (E. II. 710; A. C. 672) regni gubernacula eodem dio quo illc obiit, in supradictis Kalendis Septembribus, dilata unctionis solemnitate usque in dien' III Kal. Octobr., luna 21, era qua supra. Idem quoqne gloriosus Wamha rex regnavit annos VIII, mensem I, dies XIV. Accepit quoque pœnitentiam praedietus princeps die Dominico exeunte, hora noctis prima, quod luit pridie Idus Octobris luna 15, era 718. Suscepat autem succedente die, secunda feria, gloriosus domnus noster Ervigius (E. H. 718; A. C. 680) regni sceptra, quod fuit Id. Octobris, luna 16, era 718, dilata unctionis solemnitate usque in supervenientem diem Dominicum, quod fuit XII Kalendas Novemhris, luna 22, era qua supra. Item quoque gloriosus Ervigius rex regnavit ann. VII, diehus XXV, in quo die in ultima ægritudine positus elegit sui successorem in regno gloriosum nostrum dominum Egicanem, et altera die, quod fuit XVII Kal.

English

Recceswinth (Era 687; AD 649) reigned 23 years, 7 months, 11 days. He died on the Kalends of September, a feria, at the 3rd hour, Era 710, in the year of the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ 672, the 8th year of the decemnovennal cycle, luna 3. He also reigned with his father for 4 years, 8 months, 11 days. Then the Lord Wamba (Era 710; AD 672) took up the reins of government on the same day that he died, on the aforesaid Kalends of September, the solemnity of the anointing having been delayed until the 3rd day before the Kalends of October, luna 21, in the same era. Likewise the glorious King Wamba reigned 8 years, 1 month, 14 days. The aforementioned prince also received penance on the departing Lord's day, at the first hour of the night, which fell on the day before the Ides of October, luna 15, Era 718. Then, on the following day, the second feria, our glorious Lord Erwig (Era 718; AD 680) took up the scepter of the kingdom, which was the Ides of October, luna 16, Era 718, the solemnity of the anointing having been delayed until the following Lord's day, which was the 12th day before the Kalends of November, luna 22, in the same era. Likewise the glorious King Erwig reigned 7 years, 25 days, on which day, placed in his final illness, he chose as his successor in the kingdom our glorious Lord Egica, and on the next day, which was the 17th day before the Kalends...

Commentary

termtextE. H.

The abbreviation 'E. H.' stands for 'Era Hispanica', the Spanish era, which begins in 38 BC. The year given in the text is 38 years ahead of the AD date.

termtextforia

'Foria' is a variant spelling of 'feria', meaning a day of the week. Here it likely indicates a specific weekday, but the exact day is not named.

datingtextEra 710

The death of Recceswinth is dated to Era 710, which corresponds to AD 672. The text also gives the year of the Incarnation as 672, confirming the conversion.

backgroundtextunctio

The delay of the 'unctio' (anointing) for Wamba and Erwig reflects the Visigothic practice of a ceremonial consecration separate from the accession, often performed on a Sunday.

structuretextSuscepit autem

The phrase 'Suscepit autem' marks a transition to a new reign, a formulaic structure in this chronicle that introduces each king with accession details.

cautiontextXVII Kal.

The passage breaks off with 'XVII Kal.' (17th day before the Kalends), leaving the month unspecified. The text is incomplete, and the intended date cannot be determined.

Open questions · 1

The abbreviation 'E. H.' is assumed to mean Era Hispanica, but the text does not expand it. 'Foria' is a variant of 'feria' but the specific weekday is not given. The final date 'XVII Kal.' lacks a month, making the date uncertain.

tmp1428.tmp1428.opp-lat1:5 · narrativehigh

Source

Decembris, sexta feria, sic idem dominus Ervigius accepit pœnitentiam, et cunctos seniores absolvit, qualiter cum jam dicto principe glorioso domino Egicane ad sedem regni sin in Toleto accederent. Unctus esl autem dominus noster Egica (E. II. 725; A. C. 687) in regno in ecclesia sanclorum Petri ei Pauli prætoriensis sub die VIII Kal. Decembris die Dominico, luna 14, era 725. Unctus csl aulem Wiiiza (E. II. 759; A. C. 701) In regno die quo fuit XVII Kal. Decembris, era

English

December, on the sixth feria, the same lord Ervigius received penance, and absolved all the elders, so that they might proceed with the already mentioned glorious prince, lord Egica, to the seat of the kingdom in Toledo. Moreover, our lord Egica (Era 725; AD 687) was anointed to the kingdom in the church of Saints Peter and Paul the Praetorian on the 8th day before the Kalends of December, a Sunday, the 14th day of the moon, Era 725. Moreover, Witiza (Era 759; AD 701) was anointed to the kingdom on the day which was the 17th before the Kalends of December, Era

Commentary

sensetextsic idem dominus Ervigius accepit pœnitentiam

The phrase indicates that Ervigius (Erwig) performed penance, likely as a condition for his abdication or deposition, a common practice for Visigothic kings who fell from power.

termtextprætoriensis

The church of Saints Peter and Paul is called 'prætoriensis', likely referring to its location near the praetorium (governor's palace) in Toledo, or as a title for a church associated with the royal court.

datingtextE. II. 725; A. C. 687

The era date 725 corresponds to AD 687, using the Spanish Era (Era Hispanica) which subtracts 38 years from the AD date. This aligns with the reign of Egica.

datingtextE. II. 759; A. C. 701

The era date 759 corresponds to AD 701, marking the anointing of Witiza. The text breaks off mid-sentence, leaving the day and month incomplete.

transmissiontextUnctus csl aulem Wiiiza

The Latin is corrupt: 'csl' is likely a scribal error for 'est', and 'aulem' for 'autem'. The text breaks off after 'era', suggesting a lacuna in the manuscript.

backgroundtextecclesia sanclorum Petri ei Pauli prætoriensis

The church of Saints Peter and Paul in Toledo was a significant royal church; the anointing of Visigothic kings there underscores the fusion of ecclesiastical and royal authority.

Open questions · 2

The text breaks off after 'era' in the entry for Witiza, leaving the day and month of his anointing unspecified.
The phrase 'cunctos seniores absolvit' could mean Ervigius absolved the elders from their oaths of loyalty, or granted them a general pardon; the exact sense is ambiguous.

Citation. Tergwame, “Chronica Regum Visigothorum (Incertus) (Appendix IV)”, tmp1428.tmp1428.opp-lat1:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/tmp1428.tmp1428.opp-lat1#s1

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Chronica Regum Visigothorum (Incertus) (Appendix IV)

Summary

Historical context

Annotation and terms

Pipeline notes

Term index