Chronicon Continuans Ubi Prosper Desinit

The Chronicle of Victor, Continuing Where Prosper Ends. From the eighteenth consulship of Theodosius the Younger, Victor, bishop of the Church of Tununa in Africa, pursues the history where Prosper left off. Therefore, in the consulship of Theodosius for the eighteenth time and Albinus (A.D. 444). The deacon received the episcopate of the Church of Antioch after John. In the consulship of Actius for the third time and Symmachus (A.D. 446). In the consulship of Callipius and Ardabur (A.D. 447). Eutyches, a presbyter and archimandrite of a certain monastery of Constantinople, appeared, who founded the heresy named after himself. For he asserted that our Lord Jesus Christ was born from Mary, always virgin mother, in such a way that he confessed nothing of human nature in him. When he was invited to a synodal conference assembled at Constantinople, over which the holy Flavian, bishop of that city, presided, since he was unwilling to confess Christ in two natures after the birth from the Virgin, and that he is consubstantial with us according to the flesh, he received condemnation along with his own error. This condemnation the holy Roman pontiff confirmed by apostolic authority. For this, with the emperor Theodosius supporting him, the prelates of the sees were: Leo of Rome, Dioscorus of Alexandria, the deacon of Antioch, Juvenal of Jerusalem, and Flavian of Constantinople.

In the consulship of Postumianus and Zeno (A.D. 448). A second general synod is assembled at Ephesus, in which Dioscorus of Alexandria, usurping the primacy for himself with imperial favor, absolved Eutyches after his legitimate condemnation, and with impious authority condemned the teachers of the two natures in Christ who had opposed him—Flavian of Constantinople, Eusebius of Dorylaeum, Theodoret of Cyrus, Ibas of Edessa, bishops, and various others—even as the legates of the apostolic see were dissenting, and he inclined the entire synod to favor him through a sedition of monks and military violence. In the consulship of Asturius and Protogenes (A.D. 449). Attila, king of the Huns, after being defeated in battle by the generals of the Augustus Valentinian and put to flight, recovered his strength and proceeded irresistibly into Italy, whose evils the Roman republic soothed by a treaty of peace. This Attila, upon receiving the legation of Pope Leo, not only desisted from ravaging the republic, but also withdrew beyond the Danube, having granted peace.

In the consulship of Valentinian VII and Attienus [Avienus] (A.D. 450). The emperor Theodosius dies at Constantinople in the forty-ninth year of his life. Chrysaphius, the emperor's chamberlain, having made ill use of his friendship with Eutyches, is killed; and Marcian, by the consent of the state, is made emperor. He is the forty-seventh Roman emperor, reigns 5 years and [some] months; and at the very beginning of his reign, providing for the peace of the Churches, he announces by imperial authority that a synod is to be held at Chalcedon. Anatolius succeeds Flavianus in the bishopric of the Church of Constantinople. In the consulship of the Augustus Marcian, on the eighth day before the Kalends of October (A.D. 451), with Leo of Rome, Dioscorus of Alexandria, Maximus of Antioch, Juvenal of Jerusalem, and Anatolius of Constantinople as bishops, a general synod of 632 bishops is gathered at Chalcedon, where the Second Ephesian Synod, not to be called a synod, is repudiated. Eutyches, together with his patron Dioscorus, bishop of Alexandria, and also Nestorius, is condemned; and the catholic bishops unjustly condemned by the same Dioscorus in the aforementioned Second Ephesian Synod are absolved, and the faith of the holy Fathers who assembled at Nicaea, Constantinople, and the First Ephesian Synod is expounded by the holy synods. These matters having been thus defined and strengthened by the subscriptions of the whole synod, with Eusebius of Dorylaeum, Theodoret of Cyrus, and Ibas of Edessa restored to their own churches, and those whom the heretic Dioscorus had substituted for them having been expelled, all things pertaining to the state of the Church are arranged and receive a final conclusion.

In the consulship of Opilio and Vincomalus (A.D. 453). Dioscorus, having been relegated into exile at Gangra, Proterius undertook the episcopate of the Church of Alexandria. At that time Attila dies: while his sons fight over his kingdom, the Huns are laid waste, and thereafter diminished. In the consulship of Aëtius and Studius (A.D. 454). Aëtius the patrician, first struck by the hand of the Augustus Valentinian within the palace, is extinguished by a cruel death at the swords of those standing around; and Boëtius the prefect is likewise killed. In the consulship of Valentinian VIII and Anthemius (A.D. 455). The emperor Valentinian is killed at Rome in the Campus Martius by the wiles of Maximus the patrician and Heraclius the praepositus; and this same Maximus, from being a consul and patrician, seizes the empire for sixty days. Thus the evil which had lain hidden now appeared. Soon, not permitting the widow of Valentinian, the Augusta, to mourn the death of her husband, he takes her in marriage. But worse evils succeed these, while he fears the arrival of Genseric, king of the Vandals, and grants permission to all who wish to depart from the City: before he could undertake the flight he was contemplating, he was killed, cut limb from limb, and thrown into the Tiber River.

In the consulship of Aëtius and Studius (A.D. 454), and also the prefects. On the third day after Maximus is killed, Genseric, king of the Vandals, enters the city of Rome, and over the course of days strips it of all its wealth, and carries off with him from there the daughters and wife of Valentinian, as well as many thousands of captives. That he refrained from fire, tortures, and the sword, however, is due to the intercession of Pope Leo. On this same day of the captivity, Avitus, a man of complete simplicity, assumes the imperial power in Gaul. In the consulship of John and Varanes (A.D. 456). The patrician Ricimer overcomes Avitus, and sparing his innocence, makes him bishop of the city of Placentia. In the consulship of Constantine and Rufus (A.D. 457). Marcian, emperor of the East, dies at Constantinople, and in his place Leo becomes emperor, the 48th of the Romans. Leo reigns for 16 years. * Alexandria and Egypt, languishing in the error of Dioscorus, did not receive the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon. The Dioscoran populace, with Timothy, surnamed Aelurus, as instigator, having raised a sedition, killed Proterius, the successor of Dioscorus as bishop and the guardian of the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon, on the 6th day before the Kalends of April [i.e., 6th year of the indiction, 457], the sixth day of the last week of Lent, the day on which our Savior and Lord was crucified by the Jews. For then the Lord's Passover was celebrated on the 4th day before the Kalends of April. Thus, with Proterius slain, the aforementioned Timothy, surnamed Aelurus, a detractor of the Council of Chalcedon, seizes his bishopric and the Church.

Leo Augustus consul (A.D. 458). Majorian assumes imperial power at Rome. Timothy, the intruder of the Alexandrian church, persecutes the defenders of the Council of Chalcedon. Patricius and Ricimer consuls (A.D. 459). Juvenal, bishop of Jerusalem, is armed by the letters of Leo, the Roman pontiff, against the error of Eutyches and Dioscorus. Magnus and Apollonius consuls (A.D. 460). Timothy, the bishop who slew Proterius the bishop, is by order of the emperor Leo violently seized from the see of the Alexandrian church and relegated to exile in Cherson; and after some months, another Timothy, surnamed Salafaciarim, a defender of the Council of Chalcedon, is ordained bishop for the same Alexandrian church. Dagalaifus and Severinus (A.D. 461). Leo Augustus II (A.D. 462) and Vivianus, vir clarissimus, consuls (A.D. 465). Eugenius is ordained bishop of the Carthaginian church after Capreolus and Quodvultdeus. Olybrius and Rusticus consuls (A.D. 464).

Genseric, king of the Vandals, after the devastation of many provinces and the plundering and slaughter of the Christian people in Africa, dies in the 40th year of his reign. After him, his son Huneric rules for 7 years and 5 months. To this Huneric, his father Genseric gave in marriage the daughter of Valentinian, whom he had led away captive from Rome. Hermia [Ilerminericho] and Basiliscus, consuls (A.D. 465). Alexander received the episcopate of the church of Antioch after Maximus. Anastasius, however, presides over the church of Jerusalem after Juvenal. Leo Augustus, consul for the third time (A.D. 466). Huneric, king of the Vandals, stirred up by Arian fury, persecutes the Catholics throughout Africa more than his father: he removes the churches of the Christians and sends Catholic priests into exile. Busaeus [or Pusaeus] and John, consuls (A.D. 467). A sign appeared in the sky from a cloud like a pillar for 10 days: Anthemius assumed imperial power at Rome.

In the consulship of Leo IV and Anthemius (A.D. 468). Emperor Leo, moved by the supplications of the Egyptians that a synod be held which would pass judgment on the acts of the Synod of Chalcedon, wrote separately to the presidents of the churches to ascertain the faith of each individual; he received letters from each, harmonious as if from a single consultation, that this could by no means be done; but rather the acts of the Synod of Chalcedon remain in their perpetuity more and more. These things exist which are called in Greek eloquence. In the consulship of Zeno and Marcian (A.D. 469). Hilary received the episcopate of the Roman Church after Leo. In the consulship of John [Jordan] and Severus (A.D. 470). Emperor Leo makes Patricius, son of Aspar, Caesar. In the consulship of Emperor Leo V and Probinus (A.D. 471). Aspar and his two sons, Patricius Caesar and Ardaburius, are killed at Constantinople by order of Emperor Leo. In the consulship of Leo VI and Probinus (A.D. 475). Emperor Leo makes his grandson Leo, son of Zeno and his own daughter, Caesar, and he rules for 1 year. Simplicius is ordained bishop of the Roman Church after Hilary, and after Simplicius, Felix.

Gennadius succeeds Anatolius in the bishopric of the Constantinopolitan Church, and Acacius succeeds Gennadius. In the Antiochene Church, after Alexander, Martyrius, and after Martyrius, Julianus is ordained bishop. In the Hierosolymitan Church, indeed, Martyrius is ordained bishop after Anastasius. In these consulships, Olybrius comes to Rome and, by the faction of the patrician Ricimer, assumes the empire while Anthemius is reigning. Upon learning this, Anthemius turns to flight and is killed, and after certain days, Herculanus, the son of Orestes, seizing the empire, is killed along with his father; and his grandson assumes his rule. In the consulship of Leo Minor Augustus (A.D. 474). Leo Major Augustus dies at Constantinople. Zeno is crowned by Leo Augustus, his son, in the Septimum, contrary to custom. Zeno, the 49th Roman emperor (A.D. 475), reigns for years after the consulship of Leo Junior Augustus. The emperor Zeno, seeking to kill his own son, Leo Augustus, and to seize his empire, offers another boy similar to him for death, his wife Ariadne Augusta providing him, and secretly tonsures that same Leo Augustus, making him a cleric of one of the Constantinopolitan churches. This Leo lived until the times of the emperor Justinian.

In the same consulship, Basiliscus, together with his son Marcus, usurps the imperial power at Constantinople in a tyrannical manner. The Augustus Zeno flees into Isauria, whence he had arisen, and the Augusta Ariadne followed him by a sea voyage, at the risk of winter. In these consulships, the tyrant Basiliscus, by a published edict, orders the Synod of Chalcedon to be condemned, and the Ephesine [Synod] to be absolved and received. Timothy, bishop surnamed Hellurus [Aelurus], the successor and likewise the slayer of Proterius, returned from exile in Cherson; and, with the other bishop Timothy, surnamed Salafatiatius [Salafaciarius], the defender of the Synod of Chalcedon, having been driven out, he also invades the Alexandrian Church. In the consulship of the Tyrant Basiliscus and Armatus [Harmatius] (A.D. 476). The Augustus Zeno, after twenty months, with an army granted to him, returns to Constantinople from Isauria; he resumes the imperial power, and sends Basiliscus, together with his children and wife, into exile at Sasemis in Cappadocia, and there he makes a miserable end of his life.

Amid these events which took place, because no consul was appointed (A.D. 477), and the tyrant Basiliscus withdrew from the consulship, Armatus remained consul for the present year. After the consulship of Armatus, vir clarissimus (A.D. 478), Timothy Ailouros, a detractor of the Synod of Chalcedon and the killer of Bishop Proterius, dies; and another Timothy, Salafaciolus, a defender of the Synod of Chalcedon, resumes the presidency of the Church of Alexandria. Then Sallustius succeeds Martyrius as bishop of the Church of Jerusalem; and Peter, surnamed Fullo, is ordained bishop of the Church of Antioch, after Julian who had succeeded Martyrius. In the consulship of the Augustus Zeno (A.D. 479). Huneric, king of the Vandals, pressing a persecution throughout all Africa too severely, banishes to Tubunae, Macri Nippis, and other parts of the desert, not only priests and clerics of every order, but also monks and laity, about four thousand in number, to harsher exiles, and makes confessors and martyrs, and cuts out the tongues of the confessors. That these confessors, with their tongues cut out, spoke perfectly to the very end of their lives, the royal city attests, where their bodies lie. Then Laetus, bishop of the Church of Neplis, is crowned a martyr on the Kalends of October, and Eugenius, bishop of the Church of Carthage, after dire exiles in the desert, is held in renown for his many afflictions and punishments.

Hic itaque Huneric, among the countless atrocities of his impieties which he exercised against Catholics, in the eighth year of his reign, with all his innards poured out, just like his father Arius, ended his life miserably. Guntamund succeeds him. He reigned for years: who immediately recalled our people from exile. After the consulship of Zeno III (A.D. 480), Timothy, surnamed Salafatiatius, defender of the Synod of Chalcedon, dies; and in his place, John Tabennesiota, presbyter and oeconomus of the Alexandrian Church, defender of the Synod of Chalcedon, is ordained bishop. Whom, by the command of the emperor Zeno, Peter, who had been ordained bishop by the heretics while Timothy Salafatiatius was still alive, expelling him, seizes the Alexandrian Church. He immediately, with the favor of the emperor Zeno, condemns the Synod of Chalcedon from the pulpit before the people; removes the names of Proterius and Salafatiatius from the ecclesiastical diptychs, and inscribes those of Dioscorus and Hellurus, who killed Proterius; and casting out the body of the aforementioned Timothy Salafatiatius from the church, he threw it in a deserted place outside the city.

Tricundius, vir clarissimus, consul (AD 482). The emperor Zeno, lulled by the poison of the Eutychian error, joined Acacius, bishop of Constantinople, to the condemnors of the synod of Chalcedon, Peter of Alexandria and Peter of Antioch, bishops, through the Henotikon which he himself put forth; he was polluted by their communion, and with them he withdrew from the Catholic faith. After the consulship of Tricundius, vir clarissimus (AD 483). Leontius the tyrant, by the faction of the patrician Illus, seized the imperial power in Isauria together with tyranny. Theodoretus, vir clarissimus, consul (AD 484). Felix, the president of the Roman Church, wrote to the monks and clerics dwelling throughout the East, Egypt, and Bithynia, that they should avoid Peter, bishop of Alexandria, the detractor of the synod of Chalcedon, and his communicants as heretics. After the consulship of Theodoretus, vir clarissimus (AD 485). The Eastern bishops, except for a few, were polluted by the communion and consent of Zeno through the Henotikon; they renounced the synod of Chalcedon, together with Peter of Alexandria, Peter of Antioch, and Acacius, bishops of Constantinople.

Longinus, vir clarissimus, consul (AD 486). Acacius, bishop of Constantinople, was warned by the letters of Felix, bishop of the Roman Church, to abstain from communion and association with the condemnors of the synod of Chalcedon, and he placed his legates under guard. After the consulate of Longinus, vir clarissimus (AD 487). Acacius of Constantinople, Peter of Alexandria, and Peter of Antioch, bishops hostile to the synod of Chalcedon, were condemned by Felix, bishop of the Roman Church, and by a synod held in Italy; and this condemnation was thrust upon Acacius in Constantinople by monks of the Acoemetae monasteries of Basan and Dius, sent as legates. After the consulate of Longinus, vir clarissimus (AD 488). The body of Saint Barnabas the apostle was found in Cyprus, and the Gospel according to Matthew written in his own hand, revealed by the same Barnabas. Leontius the tyrant and Patricius, captured by betrayal of the castle, perished by a most shameful death. Peter of Antioch died under condemnation, and he ordained Calendion in his place. But the eastern bishops, as if unknowing, consecrated John, surnamed Codonatus, as bishop of the same church; to whom Peter the heretic succeeded.

In the consulship of Eusebius, vir clarissimus (AD 489). Acacius, bishop of Constantinople, dies under condemnation, and Flavianus is ordained bishop in his place; when he died in the third month after his promotion, Euphemius, a guardian of the decrees of the synod of Chalcedon, succeeds him in the episcopate. After the third consulship of Longinus, vir clarissimus (AD 490), Peter, the intruder of the Church of Alexandria, dies under condemnation; Anastasius succeeded to his episcopate and at the same time to his error. Calendio, bishop of Antioch, gathers the relics of his predecessor Eustochius, bishop and confessor, from Philippi of Macedonia, and brings them to Antioch with the highest honor. At this time, Annianus cures the gout-stricken by prayer on the river Euphrates; Auxentius puts demons to flight; Daniel and Anastasius, Vindemiolus, Manasse, Severus, and many others became renowned through various miracles and foreknowledge in diverse places of the desert. In the consulship of Olybrius, vir clarissimus (AD 491).

The emperor Zeno dies at Constantinople in the forty-second year of his life. Ariadne Augusta, Zeno's widow, designates Anastasius the Silentiary, an Illyrian, his father from Dyrrachium, his mother Arian, as emperor. But Anastasius's faith—or rather, his perfidy—already long known to his father, he was compelled, at the insistence of Euphemius, bishop of Constantinople, to promise in writing that he would do nothing adverse against the apostolic faith and the Council of Chalcedon. Bishop Euphemius receives the chirograph and places it in the church archive. Anastasius reigns over the Romans for 27 years. Upon assuming the empire, he violently recovers his chirograph from Bishop Euphemius and rages fiercely against the bishops who are defenders of the Council of Chalcedon. Among these, after the death of Peter, bishop of Antioch—who, with Calendion, a defender of the Council of Chalcedon, still living, had been ordained by heretics during the time of the emperor Zeno—he changes his judgment for the worse, so that Calendion is indeed led from evils to worse, and Palladius is ordained in his place.

In the consulship of Anastasius and Bufo (A.D. 492). To the Roman Church, Felix is succeeded by Gelasius, and to Gelasius, Anastasius. But Athanasius the heretic presided over the Alexandrian Church. Also, Palladius was made bishop of the Church of Antioch, with Calendion still living, and Sallustius of Jerusalem. Euphemius, bishop of Constantinople, having foreseen the cunning of the emperor Anastasius, convenes a synod; he confirms the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon. In the consulship of Asterius and Praesidius (A.D. 494). John, bishop of Alexandria, coming from the Roman Church, beseeches the emperor Anastasius to restore him to his throne on account of their former friendship. But because he does not obtain this for the defense of the Council of Chalcedon, he secretly returns to Rome, whence he had come. In the consulship of Victor [or Viator], a man of clarissimus rank (A.D. 495). When the Isaurian war blazes up, the tyrants Athenodorus and Longinus are killed. Upon the death of Athanasius of Alexandria, John surnamed Hemula succeeds him; when he dies, after a few days another John, surnamed Niceta, succeeds him as bishop.

In the consulship of Paul, vir clarissimus (A.D. 496). The emperor Anastasius, holding a synod of heretics, confirms Zeno’s Henoticon, and deposes Euphemius, bishop of Constantinople, a defender of the Council of Chalcedon; sending him into exile at Euchaïta, he appoints Macedonius in his place. In the consulship of Anastasius Augustus (A.D. 497). Macedonius, bishop of Constantinople, having held a synod, condemns both those who accept the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon and those who defend Nestorius and Eutyches. Upon the death of Anastasius, bishop of Rome, Symmachus succeeds him, and on the other side Laurentius is ordained, who, being unwilling to be content with the bishopric of the city of Nuceria, was, by a synod held at Rome, cast out from the priestly assembly. Palladius of Antioch dies, and Flavianus is ordained bishop in his place. John, surnamed Niceta, still presided over the Church of Alexandria. At Jerusalem, after Sallustius, Elias received the episcopate.

After Guntamund, king of the Vandals, died at Carthage, Thrasamund reigned 27 years, 4 months. And this man, full of Arian madness, persecuted Catholics. He closed the churches of the Catholics and sent bishops into exile in Sardinia from every African church. At that time, Fulgentius, bishop of the city of Ruspe, was distinguished in our doctrine. In the consulship of John the Scythian and Paul (A.D. 498). A certain Arian named Olympius, in the baths called the Helianae, near the imperial city, while blaspheming the holy and consubstantial Trinity, was invisibly drenched in a pool of cold water by three fiery darts [or: spikes], with an angel ministering, and ended his impious life at the same time, and in a prodigious manner. In the consulship of Gibbo, vir clarissimus (A.D. 499). The emperor Anastasius convened a synod at Constantinople with Flavian of Antioch and Philoxenus of Hierapolis as presidents, and persuaded it to anathematize Diodorus of Tarsus, Theodore of Mopsuestia with his writings, Theodoret of Cyrus, Ibas of Edessa, Andrew, Eucherius, Cyrus, and John, bishops, and all others who preached two natures and two forms in Christ, and who did not confess that one of the Trinity was crucified, together with Leo, bishop of Rome, and his tome, and the Council of Chalcedon.

Under the consulship of Patricius and Hypatius (A.D. 500). Barbas, a bishop of the Arian error, while presuming to say against the rule over the one to be baptized: "Barbas baptizes you in the name of the Father through the Son in the Holy Spirit," immediately the water from which he was about to baptize the man disappeared; the vessel itself in which the water was broke. Considering this, the one who was to be baptized immediately ran to a Catholic and received baptism regularly. Under the consulship of Abienus and Pompeius (A.D. 501). The emperor Anastasius seized Macedonius, bishop of Constantinople, who with certain clerics was unwilling to condemn the decrees of the Synod of Chalcedon, from the church and sent him into exile, and made Timothy, a presbyter, bishop in his place; who immediately received the condemnors of the Synod of Chalcedon into communion. Under the consulship of Abienus the Younger (A.D. 502). A huge earthquake with great flashes of lightning and hail, and a disturbance of the whole sky and earth occurred.

Under the consulship of Cethegus, vir clarissimus (A.D. 504). Flavianus, bishop of Antioch, with belated repentance abandons the emperor Anastasius, and withdraws to a possession called Platanus, leaving his throne. To him the emperor Anastasius substitutes Severus, an enemy of the Council of Chalcedon, and supplies great scandals to the churches of the East. Under the consulship of Theodorus, vir clarissimus (A.D. 505). Eugenius, bishop of Carthage, a confessor, dies. Julianus of Bostra and Joannes of Paltus, bishops, voluntarily withdraw from their own churches, and others are substituted for them. Under the consulship of Messalla, vir clarissimus (A.D. 505). At Constantinople, by order of the emperor Anastasius, the holy Gospels, as if composed by ignorant evangelists, are censured and corrected. Under the consulship of Venantius and Celer (A.D. 508). The populations of Alexandria and of all Egypt, both small and great, free and slave, clerics and monks, except foreigners, are seized by unclean spirits; and, deprived of human speech, they all began to bark day and night, like dogs; so that they were later dragged to the churches bound with iron chains, in order to receive health. For they all bit their own hands and arms alike. When these things were happening, an angel in the form of a man appeared to certain of the people, saying that this had happened to them because they had given anathema to the synod of Chalcedon, threatening that they should presume nothing of the sort thereafter.

Under the consulship of Venantius Junior, vir clarissimus (A.D. 505). Cawades, king of the Persians, captures the fortress of Zumdaber, which from the beginning of its foundation was full of very many treasures and was entrusted to demonic lions and fortified by a guard, where no one had ever been able to enter, by the prayers of Christians; and entering, he carried off all the treasures from it. Under the consulship of Importunus Junior, vir clarissimus (A.D. 509). Elias, bishop of Jerusalem, a defender of the Council of Chalcedon, unwilling to receive Severus of Antioch, an enemy of the apostolic faith, into communion at the command of the emperor Anastasius, is thrust into exile at the fortress of Paraxenas; and in his place John, the guardian of the Cross, is ordained bishop, who immediately both received Severus of Antioch into communion and condemned the Council of Chalcedon. Under the consulship of Boethius, vir clarissimus (A.D. 510). Vitalianus, son of Patriciolus, learning of the subversion of the catholic faith, the condemnation of the Council of Chalcedon, and the removals of orthodox bishops and the successions of heretics, gathers a strong band of brave men and rebels against the rule of Anastasius.

Under the consulship of Felix, vir clarissimus (A.D. 511). Count Vitalianus, having joined battle, captures Patricius, the nephew of the Emperor Anastasius and Master of the Roman Soldiers, alive, with his Roman soldiery slain; and, bound in bronze chains, he hands him over to the custody of an earthen prison, and later disposes of him. Under the consulship of Paulus and Muschianus (A.D. 512). Alamundarus, king of the Saracens, having been baptized by the defenders of the Council of Chalcedon, when the Theopaschite bishops, sent to him with letters by Severus, bishop of Antioch, wonderfully confuting and overcoming their barbarous proposition, showed God to be immortal. Under the consulship of Probus, vir clarissimus (A.D. 513). By order of the Emperor Anastasius, Plato, the city prefect, and Maximus, ascending the pulpit of the church of Saint Theodore and newly adding to the hymn which the Greeks call the Trisagion, while proceeding through the Forum of Constantine chanting this to the Great Church, clouds unexpectedly sent down ash upon them instead of rain, and covered the whole city and province. On account of this novelty, many evils befell the city of Constantinople, and many were wickedly slain. For the mobs of the Greens and likewise of the Blues, united against the Emperor Anastasius, amid countless injuries and evils, cast fire into the city; and the city was burned as far as the Forum of Constantine, over a length of 94 columns of the street.

Under the consulship of Senator, vir clarissimus (A.D. 514). Count Vitalianus, coming to Constantinople with a strong force of barbarians, encamped at Sosthenium; he promised peace to the Emperor Anastasius only on condition that he first restore the defenders of the Council of Chalcedon, who had been banished, to their own sees, and unite all the Churches of the East with the Roman Church. Under the consulship of Florentius, vir clarissimus (A.D. 515). The Huns grievously harassed Armenia, Cappadocia, Galatia, and Pontus. At that time, Euphemius, bishop of Constantinople, passed from this life at Ancyra of Galatia, and the Augusta Ariadne in the imperial city. Under the consulship of Petrus, vir clarissimus (A.D. 516). All the archimandrites and monks of the desert beyond Palestine and the River Jordan wrote to the Emperor Anastasius concerning the standing of the Council of Chalcedon, and against the impieties of Severus, bishop of Antioch. Under the consulship of Agapitus, vir clarissimus (A.D. 517). John, bishop of Alexandria, died, and Dioscorus was ordained in his place. Timothy, bishop of Constantinople, a detractor of the Council of Chalcedon, died on the day of the month of April, and John the Cappadocian handed over the bishopric in his own cell to a presbyter. This man, before his own ordination, Anastasius compelled to condemn the Council of Chalcedon.

Agapito II and Magno, consuls (A.D. 518). The Emperor Anastasius, terrified by the noise of thunder within his palace and struck by a bolt of lightning, dies in the chamber where he had hidden; and he is led to the tomb with ignominy, without the customary funeral rites, in the 88th year of his life. Justinus, the 51st Roman emperor, reigns for 8 years, 9 months. An Illyrian, a Catholic, a lover and likewise a defender of the Council of Chalcedon, whose wife was named Lupicina—whom the Constantinopolitans later called Euphemia—and whose nephew was named Justinianus, he served as a candidate in the militia. Justino Augustus and Heraclio, consuls (A.D. 519). Amantius, the praepositus, stirring up seditions among the people, demands that another emperor be appointed; he, along with the cubicularius Andreas, is killed by order of the princeps Justinus and thrown into the stream. Rustitione, vir clarissimus, consul (A.D. 520). Joannes, who had been elected to the imperial office before Justinus, is ordained bishop of Heraclea; and Justinianus, the nephew of Justinus Augustus, is appointed from candidate to magister militum ordinarius.

Valerio and Justinian, consuls (A.D. 521). To Dioscorus, bishop of the Church of Alexandria, deceased, Timothy succeeds. But to the Church of Antioch, Severus becomes the head of the heresy, and to the Church of Jerusalem, John. The Emperor Justinus unites the Easterners—except for five minor pontiffs—Acacius, once of Constantinople, Peter of Antioch, and Peter of Alexandria, bishops entangled in their former error, to the Western bishops under due satisfaction, and revives the decrees of the Synod of Chalcedon, which had been abrogated in the times of the emperors Zeno and Anastasius. Symmachus and Boethius, consuls (A.D. 522). Vitalianus, having received the sacrament, returns to Constantinople; the Augustus Justinus, receiving him graciously, makes him Master of Soldiers and permits the consulship to be given to him. Maximus, vir clarissimus, consul (A.D. 523). Thrasamund, king of the Vandals, dies at Carthage; his wife Amalafrida, fleeing to the barbarians, after a gathering is made, is captured at Capsa near the desert, and dies in private custody.

Hilderic, who was born from the daughter of the emperor Valentinian, taken captive by Gaiseric and joined to Huneric, reigned for 7 years and 3 months. This man, although bound by an oath from his predecessor Thrasamund not to open churches or restore privileges to Catholics in his kingdom before he reigned, in order not to overstep the terms of the oath, ordered both the Catholic priests to return from exile and the churches to be opened, and consecrated Boniface, sufficiently vigorous in divine teachings, as bishop of the Church of Carthage at the request of the entire city. Vitalian is said to have been killed in Constantinople within the palace, in a place which they call Delphicum in Greek, by the faction of the patrician Justinian. In the consulship of Justin Augustus and Apion (A.D. 524). In the Roman Church, upon the death of Symmachus, Hormisdas succeeds in the episcopate. In the Alexandrian Church, Timothy still survived. In the Antiochene Church, Severus, a detractor of the Council of Chalcedon, when he was sought by the emperor Justin for punishment, fled; and Paul is substituted in his place. In the Jerusalem Church, John presided. In the Constantinopolitan Church, Epiphanius succeeds John as bishop.

After the second consulship of Justin and Apion, the Emperor Justin, yielding to the entreaties of the senators, reluctantly makes his nephew Justinian Caesar. In the consulship of Philoxenus and Probus (A.D. 525). In the consulship of Marbotius (A.D. 527). The Emperor Justin dies. Justinian, the 52nd emperor of the Romans, reigns for 39 years and 7 months. He had a wife named Theodora. In the consulship of Justinian Augustus (A.D. 528). The Eastern Churches, by order of the same prince, receive the synods of Constantinople, Ephesus I, and Chalcedon, and the faith of the holy Fathers, with present sacrifices and public acclamation. In the consulship of Decius, vir clarissimus (A.D. 529). By the faction of the Augusta Theodora, he imposes by general law upon all that one of the Trinity suffered not in a qualified sense, but absolutely, and violently exacted subscriptions from clerics and monks. For this reason, very many withdrew from the Church, and monks departed from their own monasteries, asserting that the faith of those who assembled at the aforementioned holy synods was sufficient for them.

Lampadius and Orestes, consuls (A.D. 530). Hypatius, nephew of the Emperor Anastasius, having assumed tyranny at Constantinople, after many thousands of men were slain by the military sword in the circus spectacle, is captured; and by night he is killed together with Pompeius and thrown into the stream. After the consulship of Lampadius and Orestes (A.D. 531), Gelimer assumes the kingdom with tyranny in Africa, and having entered Carthage, he deprives Hilderic of the kingdom and consigns him with his sons to custody, and kills Oamerdigus and many of the nobles. In the third year after the consulship of Lampadius and Orestes, Belisarius, master of the Roman soldiery, having been victorious in two battles, miraculously defeated the Persian in the battle of Thracium. In the third consulship of Justinian Augustus (A.D. 533). Gelimer the tyrant cruelly destroys many of the nobles of the province of Africa, and seizes the properties of many through Bonifacius. In the fourth consulship of Justinian (A.D. 534).

Justinian the emperor, by the visitation of Laetus, a bishop made a martyr by Huneric, king of the Vandals, sends an army into Africa, under the command of Belisarius, master of soldiers, against the Vandals. The same Belisarius, overcoming them in battle, kills Gunthimer and Gebamund, brothers of King Gadinges, and with King Gelimer himself put to flight, captures Africa, in the ninety-seventh year of the Vandal invasion. Also, at the very entry of Belisarius, before the entry took place, the tyrant Gelimer killed Hilderic the king together with certain of his relatives. Belisarius, master of soldiers and patrician, captures the tyrant Gelimer, and brings him, together with the wealth acquired from the plunders of Africa, to Constantinople to the emperor Justinian. Belisarius, consul for the fifth time (A.D. 535). Reparatus receives the episcopate of the Church of Carthage after Boniface. Peter succeeds to the presidency of the Church of Jerusalem upon the death of John.

In the second year after the consulship of Belisarius (A.D. 536), the emperor Justinian published books on the Lord’s Incarnation and compelled the Illyrian bishops to subscribe to them. In the year after the consulship of Belisarius (A.D. 537). When Epiphanius, bishop of the Constantinopolitan church, who had succeeded John, had died, Anthemius, bishop of Eutychia Justa I Trapezuntensis, by the faction of the Augusta Theodora, invaded the Constantinopolitan church. In the consulship of John, vir clarissimus (A.D. 538). For the Roman church, after Hormisdas, John; after John, Felix; after Felix, Boniface; after Boniface, another John; and after John, Agapetus are ordained bishops. For the Alexandrian church, when Timothy, who had succeeded the lesser Dioscorus, had died, two men, by the choice of the people, were perversely ordained bishops on the same day, namely Theodosius and Gaianus. With these ordained, Alexandria was divided between both enemies of Christ. They wished to be called Theodosians from Theodosius, and Gaianites from Gaianus, although they equally do not accept the Council of Chalcedon and make the error of Eutyches and Dioscorus their own.

Apio, vir clarissimus, consul (A.D. 539). Severus of Antioch, the prince of the heresy from which the Severians are named, and Julian of Halicarnassus, bishops, impugners of the apostolic faith and of the Synod of Chalcedon, are sent into exile at Alexandria by the mission of Justinian, where, writing against the followers of the Synod of Chalcedon, they said that there is one nature in Christ from the two: which nature, while Severus asserted it to be corruptible, and Julian asserted it to be incorruptible, Alexandria, Egypt, and Libya are divided between both enemies of Christ. For the Theodosians followed Severus, and the Gaianites followed Julian. But from the Theodosians two other heresies arose: one of the Agnoitae, and the other of the Tritheitae. The Agnoitae, indeed, add to the perversity from which they arose this, that the divinity of Christ is ignorant of future things which are written concerning the last day and hour. The Tritheitae, however, just as they assert three persons in the Trinity, so also they assert three Gods to exist, contrary to that which is written: “Hear, O Israel: the Lord your God is one.” And again: “There is no God but one”; and, “I am God, and there is no other besides me.

Justinus, vir clarissimus, consul (A.D. 540). Agapitus, archbishop of Rome, came to Constantinople, and deposed Anthimus, bishop of Constantinople, a perverter of the Church and an enemy of the Synod of Chalcedon; he excluded the Augusta Theodora, his patroness, from communion; and he immediately made Menas bishop of the Constantinopolitan Church. Theodosius and Gaianus, bishops of Alexandria, were condemned and transported into exile with their error. But Theodosius, relegated to Sycae at Constantinople, stained almost the whole palace and the greatest part of the imperial city with his perfidy. This occasion gave license to almost all heresies: so that not only the Theodosians, but also the Gaianites built monasteries and oratories in the imperial city. For the aforesaid heretic Theodosius lived until the first consulship of Justinian the Younger Augustus. In that year, with Paul, bishop of Antioch, still living, Euphrasius was substituted for him.

Basilius, vir clarissimus, consul (A.D. 511). Agapitus, archbishop of Rome, having died at Constantinople, Silverius is ordained bishop in his place. Moreover, of the Church of Alexandria, with Theodosius and Gaianus exiled, Paul, the prior, for them, celebrating the deposition of Dioscorus, his predecessor and a heretic of the Zabinnensiotae, is deposed by the Council of Palestine, and Zoilus is ordained bishop in his place. In the aforementioned consulship, Stuzas in Africa assumes the kingdom in the desert regions with tyranny. In the second year after the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus (A.D. 547), by the faction of the Augusta Theodora, who never ceased to be a secret enemy of the Synod of Chalcedon from the time she began to reign, plots of proscription are prepared. Silverius, the Roman bishop, is sent into exile, and Vigilius is ordained in his place: from whom the aforementioned Augusta Theodora, before he was ordained, extracted by a secret written pledge that, once made pope, he would condemn the Three Chapters in the proscription of the Synod of Chalcedon, that is, the letter of Ibas of Edessa to Maris the Persian, which was approved and judged orthodox by the judgment of the Synod of Chalcedon, and joined to the synodal acts; then Theodore of Mopsuestia, bishop, similarly praised synodally in the acts at Antioch under John, bishop of that same church, and at Chalcedon; and the sayings of Theodoret, bishop of Cyrus, together with that same Theodoret, praised by the voices of the Synod of Chalcedon.

Thus having been made pope, he is compelled by Antonia Patricia, the wife of Belisarius, to write to Theodosius of Alexandria, Anthimus of Constantinople, and Severus of Antioch, long since condemned by the apostolic see, as if they were Catholics, and to hold the same opinion concerning the faith as they did. The tenor of that letter of his is shown to be as follows: "To the lords and brothers joined in the love of Christ our Lord and Savior, Theodosius, Anthimus, and Severus, bishops, Vigilius, bishop. I know indeed that the belief of my faith has already, with God's help, reached your sanctity. But because now the glorious lady and my most Christian daughter Patricia fulfills my desire, that I send the present letter to your fraternity; greeting you with the grace by which we are joined in Christ our Lord and Savior, I signify that the faith which you hold, with God commanding, I have both held and do hold: knowing that between us that which we preach and read, that we have one soul and one heart in God. My progress, which is yours, with God's help, I have hastened to announce to you joys, from my heart embracing your fraternity, which desires it, willingly. Therefore it is necessary that these things which I write to you be acknowledged; but rather, your wisdom should consider me suspect before others, so that God may more easily complete what he has begun to work." And the subscription: "Pray for me, my lords and brothers joined in the love of Christ our Lord and Savior.

The beginnings of these evils are followed by a general mortality of the whole world, and the greater part of the peoples are killed by a plague of the groin. After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A.D. 544), the tyrant Stuzas, having organized a multitude of peoples, encounters Solomon, master of the soldiers and patrician of Africa, and the leaders of the Roman soldiery, Cilius, at a place; where, after an engagement, by the sins of Africa, the soldiery of the Roman republic is overcome, and Solomon is [overcome] by both. ... After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A.D. 545), the emperor Justinian, instigated by the subreptions of the Acephali, subtly compels Vigilius, the Roman bishop, to hasten to the imperial city, and under the pretext of a gathering of those who are divided from the communion of the Church, to condemn the Three Chapters. Macarius receives the presidency of the Church of Jerusalem after Peter. After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A.D. 546), the tyrant Stuzas in Africa, after an engagement at the port of Tacea, is struck by the javelin of John, leader of the Roman soldiery; and in like manner John [is struck] by that of Stuzas: who immediately fall, each by the other's sword, and die on the Lord's day, on which the battle was fought.

After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A. 547), Ferrandus, deacon of the Church of Carthage, is held in high regard. Guntarith, master of the soldiers, kills Ariobindas, patrician and prince of the Roman military in Africa, who had been sent at that time by the emperor, within the palace at Carthage by night, and assumes the kingdom with tyranny. Artabanus, the duke of Carthage, kills him while he is dining on the thirtieth day of his reign. After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A. 548), the emperor Justinian writes most urgently through the various provinces established within the boundaries of his reign, and compels all the bishops to condemn the aforementioned Three Chapters. Doninus succeeds Euphemius, bishop of Antioch. After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A. 549), the Illyrian synod writes to Justinian Augustus in defense of the Three Chapters, and condemns Benenatus, bishop of the city of Prima Justiniana, as a detractor of those same Three Chapters.

Theodora Augusta, enemy of the Synod of Chalcedon, her entire body covered with the plague of cancer, ended her life monstrously. After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the 13th year (A. 550), the African bishops synodally exclude Vigilius, bishop of Rome, condemner of the Three Chapters, from catholic communion, reserving for him a place of penance, and send letters sufficiently suitable to the emperor Justinian in defense of the aforementioned Three Chapters through Olympius, the magistrianus. At that time, the seven bishops of the Church of Hermiana, Facundus, shone forth: by whom it was most clearly declared that the three often-mentioned Chapters had been condemned in the prescription of the catholic and apostolic faith of the Council of Chalcedon. After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A. 551), Reparatus, archbishop of the Church of Carthage, Firmus, primate of the Numidian bishops, and Primasius and Verecundus, bishops of the Council of Byzacena, are summoned to the imperial city by the command of the same emperor on account of the matter of the Three Chapters. Apollinarius is substituted for Zoilus, who was unwilling to condemn the three often-mentioned Chapters, as bishop of the Church of Alexandria.

After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A. 552), Reparatus, the archbishop, assailed by very many calumnies because he did not give his assent to the condemnation of the aforementioned Three Chapters, was deprived of his office and revenues and was relegated into exile at Eucayda; and Primasius, his deacon and apocrisiarius, after he condemned what had been synodally and universally defended, was, while the former was still alive, ordained bishop of the Carthaginian Church against the wishes of both the clergy and the people. Firmus, the primate of the Council of Numidia, corrupted by the gifts of the prince, gave his assent to the condemnation of those same Chapters. But returning to his own, he perished by a most shameful death on a ship. Primasius also was relegated to the monastery of Aquimetum. But with Boetius, the primate of Byzacena, prevented by death, in order to succeed him, he immediately assented to the aforementioned condemnation, and, having returned to his own, he attacked with the most violent persecutions what he had previously defended, generating calumnies against the bishops and seizing their properties. But he could not hide the things in which he sinned. For after he was condemned by the catholic bishops of his own council for his prevarications, he was extinguished by an unhappy death; and what he had acquired by fraud was faithfully taken away by the judges. Verecundus, however, bishop of the Church of Nicaea, persisting in the defense of the aforementioned Chapters, departed from this life to the Lord in the city of Chalcedon, where he had taken refuge, in the hostel of the glorious mother Euphemia.

Macarius, bishop of Jerusalem, is expelled, and Eustochius is ordained while he is still alive. After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A. 553), a synod is gathered at Constantinople by order of the emperor Justinian: at which the presiding bishops were Vigilius, bishop of Rome, ordained while Silverius was still alive; Apollinarius of Alexandria, promoted while Zoilus was living; Dominus of Antioch; Eustochius, made bishop of Jerusalem after the removal of Macarius; and Eutychius of Constantinople, who had been substituted for Menas. There the oft-mentioned Three Chapters, together with those who defended them, are subjected to condemnation, and they penalty close off for themselves the way of return through penance, binding themselves with such a perpetual anathema if they should ever attempt to absolve them; they submitted to these sentences of condemnation. Rusticus, deacon of the Roman Church, and Felix, hegumen of the monastery of Guillis in the province of Africa, contradicting their decrees in writing, are sent into exile in the Thebaid with their associates. These things having been done, an earthquake, shaking the imperial city from its foundations, threw down many buildings and porticoes, and, while the basilicas remained standing, cast down almost all the altars.

After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A. 554), Frontinus, bishop, is summoned to the imperial city for the defense of the same Three Chapters, and is sent into exile in the first city of Thebaid in Antioch; and in his place, Peter is ordained to the Church of Salona by the heretics. The priests of the proconsular council of the African province, deceived by the artifice of Rufinus and Vinius, bishops, detractors of Reparatus the archbishop, as if they were defenders of the faith, run together, and, except for very few, they pollute themselves with the communion of Primasius, the prevaricator of the Church of Carthage. Dacius, bishop of Milan, comes to Constantinople, and, consenting to the condemnation of the same Three Chapters, on that day he is struck down and dies. Narses the eunuch, from praepositus made patricius, wonderfully conquers and kills Totila, king of the Goths, in battle in Italy, and takes all his riches. After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A. 555), the bishops of the council of Numidia, gathered after the example of the proconsular priests, come to Carthage, and, polluted by the communion of Primasius, the occupant of that same church, and made prevaricators, they return to their own places.

Victor, bishop of the church of Tununa, the author of this work, after the imprisonments and likewise the beatings which he suffered at the hands of Sala and Valericis, and also in the monastery of Mandra in the first and second exile to the island of Mauritania, and in the third to Alexandria together with Theodore, bishop of the church of Cebarsusa, is sent into exile for the defense of the aforementioned Three Chapters, and is thrust into the prison of the Diocletian fortress after the praetorian prison. Anastasius of Antioch succeeds Domninus as bishop. After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A. 556), Primosus, the intruder of the church of Carthage, afflicts those unwilling to give him assent, now with clubs, now with imprisonments, now also with exiles. Victor and Theodosius, the aforementioned African bishops, are cast out of prison; and after continuous disputations in the praetorium for days, they are sent to another prison of the Tabennesiote monastery, which is at Canopus, miles from the city of Alexandria.

After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A.D. 557), Vigilius the Roman dies on the island of Sicily. At that time, Felix, hegumen of the monastery of Gallitanus, departed from this life to the Lord in exile at Sinope. After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A.D. 558), Pelagius the Roman, archdeacon and defender of the three aforementioned Chapters, returns from exile at the persuasion of the emperor Justinian; and condemning those things which he had most steadfastly defended for a long time, he is ordained bishop of the Roman Church by the prevaricators: he held the office for 5 years. After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A.D. 559), the Illyrian bishops, except for small monasteries and a few faithful, consent to the persecutions they suffered, reducing their former faith to nothing. At that time, the Huns grievously harassed Armenia. After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus (A.D. 560), the Bulgars invade Thrace, and come as far as the Long Walls of Constantinople. They capture Sergius the patrician, who had formerly been the duke of the African militia, and tear him apart. But, vigorously defeated by the arms of the patrician Belisarius, and likewise put to flight, they crossed the Danube.

After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A.D. 561), the body of Saint Anthony the hermit is discovered and with the greatest honor is brought to Alexandria, and is placed with honor in the basilica of Saint John the Baptist. After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus (A.D. 562), Frontinianus, bishop of Salona, is transferred from exile at Antinoë to Ancyra of Galatia. Peter, his intruder into the church, dies, and Prodinus is substituted in his place. After the consulship of Basilius, vir clarissimus, in the year (A.D. 563), Reparatus, archbishop of the Church of Carthage, passes from exile at Euchaita to the Lord by a glorious confession on the seventh day before the Ides of January. In that year, the emperor Justinian sends back the envoys of the people of the Avars, whence they had come. In the year of the reign of the aforementioned emperor Justinian, Pelagius is ordained Roman bishop: he presided for 11 years. Eustochius, bishop of Jerusalem, who had been ordained while Macarius was still living, is expelled; and Macarius is restored again.

In the year of the same emperor (A.D. 564), Musicus, Brumasins, Donatus, and Chrysonius, bishops from Africa, and Victor and Theodorus, likewise bishops from Egypt, are summoned to the imperial city by imperial command. While they resist the new superstition, being present before the same Emperor Justinian and later disputing with Eutychius, bishop of the imperial city, they are separated from one another and sent into custody in the monasteries of that city. In the year of his reign (A.D. 565), Justinian sends Eutychius, the bishop of Constantinople, a condemner of the Three Chapters, and of Evagrius the hermit, and of Didymus the monk and confessor of Alexandria—whose praises we have set forth above on the authority of illustrious men—into exile, and makes John, a man of similar error, bishop in his place. In that year, the Greens make civil war in the imperial city, and in frequent clashes lay low many men of the republic with the sword. But many of their atrocious men are later put to death by Julian the prefect.

In the fortieth year of his reign (A.D. 566), Justinian ended his life, in the fifteenth indiction. Theodorus, bishop of Cabarsusitanus, defender of the Three Chapters, dies in exile in the imperial city in the same month and day as Justinian; and he is buried near the confessors to whom Ugnericus, king of the Vandals, had cut out the tongues. Justin the Younger, son of Vigilantia, sister of the Augustus Justinian, born of father Dulcissimus, takes up the scepters of the empire with great tranquility of the people. His wife Sophia is asserted to be the granddaughter of the Augusta Theodora. All the years are collected from Adam, the first man, up to the nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ according to the flesh, which occurred in the year 5,191. From the nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ, which occurred in the forty-third year of the reign of Octavian Caesar Augustus, up to the first year of Justin, Roman emperor, who succeeded Justinian in the empire, there are 527 years. Together, from Adam up to the first year of the aforementioned Roman emperor, there are 5,766 years.