Descriptio Consulum Ex Quo Primum Ordinati Sunt [Codex Parisiensis]

Coptic	Rendering	Count	First
no glossary terms recorded

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:1 · narrativemedium

Source

IDATII EPISCOPI DESCRIPTIO CONSULUM EX QUO PRIMUM ORDINATI SUNT. Ex Codice ms, biblothecæ collegii Parisiensis soc. Jesu. Annos ab Urbe condita Varroniands ad oram addidit Labbeus. a Bruto et Collatino. Publicola et Lucretio Publicola II et Publilio, Omissi Lartius et Exquilinus. Omissi Valerius et Tuberius. Publicola III et Lucretio II. Menenio Agrippa et Postumio. Tricosto et Vitellino. Aurunco et Flaro. Camerino et Longo (Cic. in Bruto H. 62). Helva et Gemine. Flavo et Sifulo [AI. Siculo]. Atratine et Augurino. Albo et Cœlimontano. Sabino et Prisco. Cœlimontano II et Vitellino III. Aurunco II et Vitellino. Macrino et Augurine. Augurino II et Atralino. Camerino et Flabio [Al. FlaveJ. Tallo et Ruffo. His tonsa. Romani proceres dicti sunt. Nautio et Rufo [AI. Fuso vel Furio]. Tuseo et Sabioo. Rutilio [vel Rutilo] et Viscellino.

English

DESCRIPTION OF THE CONSULS BY BISHOP IDATIUS, FROM THE TIME THEY WERE FIRST APPOINTED. From a manuscript codex of the library of the Jesuit College of Paris. Labbeus added the years from the founding of the City according to Varro in the margin. From Brutus and Collatinus. Publicola and Lucretius. Publicola II and Publilius. Lartius and Exquilinus omitted. Valerius and Tuberius omitted. Publicola III and Lucretius II. Menenius Agrippa and Postumius. Tricostus and Vitellinus. Aurunco and Flarus. Camerinus and Longus (Cicero, in Brutus, H. 62). Helva and Geminus. Flavus and Sifulus [or Siculus]. Atratinus and Augurinus. Albus and Caelimontanus. Sabinus and Priscus. Caelimontanus II and Vitellinus III. Aurunco II and Vitellinus. Macrinus and Augurinus. Augurinus II and Atralinus. Camerinus and Flavius [or Flaveus]. Tallus and Rufus. After these, the Roman nobles were so called. Nautius and Rufus [or Fusus or Furius]. Tuseus and Sabius. Rutilius [or Rutilus] and Viscellinus.

Commentary

backgroundexternalIdatii Episcopi Descriptio Consulum

This list of Roman consuls is attributed to Bishop Idatius (Hydatius) of Aquae Flaviae (modern Chaves, Portugal), a 5th-century chronicler. The manuscript source is a codex from the Jesuit College of Paris.

transmissiontextLabbeus

The marginal years from the founding of the city (ab Urbe condita) were added by Labbeus, likely the Jesuit scholar Philippe Labbé (1607–1667), who edited historical texts.

structuretextOmissi

The repeated word 'Omissi' (omitted) indicates that the manuscript or its source acknowledged gaps in the consular list, possibly due to lacunae or uncertainty in the tradition.

cautiontextHis tonsa. Romani proceres dicti sunt.

The phrase 'His tonsa. Romani proceres dicti sunt' is obscure. It may mean 'After these, the Roman nobles were so called' (as in the English draft), but 'tonsa' (shorn) is puzzling and could be a corruption or a reference to a custom.

paralleltextCamerino et Longo (Cic. in Bruto H. 62)

The citation 'Cic. in Bruto H. 62' refers to Cicero's Brutus, section 62, which discusses early Roman consuls. This suggests the compiler used Cicero as a source for the list.

termtextPublicola

Publicola (also Poplicola) is a variant spelling of the Roman cognomen Publicola, borne by the early consul Publius Valerius Publicola. The repeated entries with numerals (II, III) indicate successive consulships.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 1

The list contains variant spellings (e.g., Sifulo/Siculo, Flabio/Flave) and uncertain names (e.g., Nautio/Rufo with alternatives Fuso/Furio). The phrase 'His tonsa' is unclear in meaning and may be corrupt.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:2 · narrativehigh

Source

Fabio et Maluginense. Mamerco et Fabio. Fabio et Velesio. Tertullo [Al. Julo et Fabio II. Sabino et Fuso. Cincinnato et Fabio III. Rutilie et Fabio IV. Æmilio II et Æsculino. Lænate et Publilio. Omissi Tricostus et Structus. Nautio et Publicola. Mallio et Furio. Æmilio et Julio. Pinario et Fusco. Sabino et Capitolino. Æmilio et Valerio. Cœlimontano et Prisco II. Capiiolino el Prisco. Æmilio II et Vibulano. Regilliano et Fusco (Al. Prisco]. Omissi Capitolinus III et Fabius II. Prisco et Albo. Omissi Priscus et Elva. Tricipatino et Veturio. Gallo et Camerino. Publicola II et Sabino. Vibulano et Maluginense. Nautio et Atratino. Publilio et Hilario. Maximo et Virginio. Roeo et Veturio. Capitolino et Varo. Festo et Quintillo [AI. Quintilio]. Laenate et Capitolino. His Conss. decemviri creati priores et posteriores annis II.

English

Fabius and Maluginensis. Mamercus and Fabius. Fabius and Velesius. Tertullus [Al. Julius] and Fabius II. Sabinus and Fusus. Cincinnatus and Fabius III. Rutilius and Fabius IV. Aemilius II and Aesculinus. Laenatus and Publilius. Omitted: Tricostus and Structus. Nautius and Publicola. Mallius and Furius. Aemilius and Julius. Pinarius and Fuscus. Sabinus and Capitolinus. Aemilius and Valerius. Caelimontanus and Priscus II. Capitolinus and Priscus. Aemilius II and Vibulanus. Regillianus and Fuscus (Al. Priscus). Omitted: Capitolinus III and Fabius II. Priscus and Albus. Omitted: Priscus and Elva. Tricipatinus and Veturius. Gallus and Camerinus. Publicola II and Sabinus. Vibulanus and Maluginensis. Nautius and Atratinus. Publilius and Hilarius. Maximus and Virginius. Roeus and Veturius. Capitolinus and Varus. Festus and Quintillus [Al. Quintilius]. Laenatus and Capitolinus. Under these Consuls, the decemviri were created, both the earlier and the later, for two years.

Commentary

structuretextFabio et Maluginense

The passage continues the consular list from the previous page, with each line naming a pair of consuls. The pattern is broken by notes of omission and a concluding historical remark.

termglossaryOmissi

Omissi indicates that certain consuls are omitted from the list, likely due to gaps in the source tradition or deliberate abbreviation by the compiler.

backgroundbackgrounddecemviri creati priores et posteriores annis II

The decemviri were a commission of ten men appointed in 451–450 BCE to draft the Twelve Tables, Rome's first written law code. The note here marks their creation under the consuls Laenatus and Capitolinus.

transmissiontextTertullo [Al. Julo et Fabio II]

The notation 'Al.' (aliter) signals a variant reading in the manuscript tradition, indicating uncertainty about the correct name. This is a common feature in the transmission of consular lists.

datingtextHis Conss. decemviri creati priores et posteriores annis II

This note anchors the list to a known historical event: the creation of the decemviri, traditionally dated to 451 BCE, with a second college in 450 BCE. The 'annis II' refers to their two-year tenure.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 1

The exact identity of several consuls is uncertain due to variant readings (e.g., Tertullus vs. Julius) and omissions. The list may conflate historical and legendary figures.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:3 · narrativemedium

Source

Barbato et Potito. Herminio et Tricosto. Maeerino et lulio. Furio et Capitolino. Genutio et Curtio. His eonss. tribuni plebis facti tres anno I. Omissi Mugillanus et Atratinus. Maeerino et Capitolino. Vibulano et Helva. Pacilio et Crasso. Omissi Macerinus et Lanatus. Maltio [AI. Menenio] et Capitolino. His conss. item tribuni plebis tres ann. II. Macerino et Fidenate. Maluginente et Crasso. Julie et Virginio. Capitolino et Camerino. His conss. [Forte Sine conss. Item tribun! plebis ires ann. II. Penno et Mentone. Crasso et Julio, Tricipitino et Fidenate II. Gosso et Pœno. Achilla et Mugillano. His conss. item tribuni plebis tres annis III. Atratino et Yibulano. Capitolino et Vibulano. His conss. item tribuni plebis quatuor annis VIII. Omissi Cossus et Medullinus. Omissi Ambustus et Pacilus. Mugillano et Rutilio.

English

Barbatus and Potitus. Herminius and Tricostus. Macerinus and Julius. Furius and Capitolinus. Genutius and Curtius. In their consulship, three tribunes of the plebs were created in year I. Omitted: Mugillanus and Atratinus. Macerinus and Capitolinus. Vibulanus and Helva. Pacilius and Crassus. Omitted: Macerinus and Lanatus. Maltius [Al. Menenius] and Capitolinus. In their consulship, likewise three tribunes of the plebs in year II. Macerinus and Fidenas. Maluginensis and Crassus. Julius and Virginius. Capitolinus and Camerinus. In their consulship [Perhaps without consuls. Likewise three tribunes of the plebs in year II. Pennus and Mento. Crassus and Julius. Tricipitinus and Fidenas II. Cossus and Poenus. Achilla and Mugillanus. In their consulship, likewise three tribunes of the plebs in year III. Atratinus and Vibulanus. Capitolinus and Vibulanus. In their consulship, likewise four tribunes of the plebs in year VIII. Omitted: Cossus and Medullinus. Omitted: Ambustus and Pacilus. Mugillanus and Rutilius.

Commentary

structuretextHis eonss. tribuni plebis facti tres anno I.

The phrase 'His eonss.' is a scribal abbreviation for 'His consulibus' (in their consulship). The repeated formula 'tribuni plebis facti tres' marks a structural pattern in the chronicle, noting the creation of tribunes of the plebs in specific years.

termtextOmissi

'Omissi' (omitted) indicates that the consuls listed were excluded from the main sequence, likely due to textual corruption or a break in the source tradition. This is a common feature in consular fasti.

datingtextanno I, ann. II, annis III, annis VIII

The years are numbered sequentially (I, II, III, VIII) but inconsistently, suggesting that the chronicler grouped tribunician creations by regnal or era years, not by consular years. The jump from III to VIII may indicate a lacuna or a different counting system.

cautiontextMaltio [AI. Menenio]

The name 'Maltio' is given with an alternative reading 'Menenio' (marked 'Al.' for 'aliter'). This textual variant reflects uncertainty in the manuscript tradition; the correct reading is contested.

backgroundtexttribuni plebis

The tribuni plebis were Roman magistrates elected to protect plebeian interests. Their creation is traditionally dated to 494 BCE, but the chronicle here assigns them to specific consular years, reflecting later annalistic reconstruction.

receptiontextForte Sine conss.

The marginal note 'Forte Sine conss.' (perhaps without consuls) indicates a later reader's or scribe's uncertainty about whether consuls were in office that year, showing the text's reception and annotation history.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 3

The numbering of years (I, II, III, VIII) is inconsistent and may reflect gaps in the source or a different era system.
The names 'Maltio' and 'Menenio' are variant readings; the correct form is uncertain.
The phrase 'Forte Sine conss.' is a marginal gloss, not part of the original text, and its authority is unclear.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:4 · narrativehigh

Source

Æmilio et Rustico. Gosso et Medullino. His conss. [Forte Sine conss. item tribuni plebis IV, et II, et VI, annis xv, Flavo et Camerino. In Potito et Capitolino. His conss. item tribuni plebis creati sunt annis XVIII, postea annis IV; nemo curulis magistratus fuit. Item tribuni pie. bis VI. Mamertino et Laterano. Genucio et Curtio, Petico et Galva. Mamerlino et Silla. Ahala et Genucio. Stolone et Petino. Omissi Balbus et Ambustus. Libone [Al. Manlio. Vide Sigon. et Lænate. Ambusto et Proculo. Rustico et Gapitolino. Amhusto a et Lænate. Polito [AI. Petico] et Publicola. Omissi Ambustus III et Capitolinus. Desunt Peticus IV et Poplicola It. DeMunt P. Publicola et Rutilus II. Roetico et Pœno. Scipione et Lænate II. Camillo et Crasso. Corvino et Laenate III. Veneco et Torquato. Corvino II et Libone. Bursone [AI. Dorsone] et Camerino.

English

Aemilius and Rusticus. Gossus and Medullinus. In their consulship, [Perhaps Without consuls, likewise tribunes of the plebs four, and two, and six, for fifteen years,] Flavus and Camerinus. In Potitus and Capitolinus. In their consulship, likewise tribunes of the plebs were created for eighteen years, afterwards for four years; no curule magistrate existed. Likewise tribunes of the plebs six. Mamertinus and Lateranus. Genucius and Curtius, Peticus and Galva. Mamertinus and Sulla. Ahala and Genucius. Stolo and Petinus. Omitted: Balbus and Ambustus. Libo [Al. Manlius. See Sigonius] and Laenas. Ambustus and Proculus. Rusticus and Capitolinus. Ambustus and Laenas. Polito [Al. Peticus] and Publicola. Omitted: Ambustus III and Capitolinus. Missing: Peticus IV and Poplicola II. Missing: P. Publicola and Rutilus II. Roeticus and Poenus. Scipio and Laenas II. Camillus and Crassus. Corvinus and Laenas III. Venecus and Torquatus. Corvinus II and Libo. Burson [Al. Dorson] and Camerinus.

Commentary

structuretextHis conss. [Forte Sine conss. item tribuni plebis IV, et II, et VI, annis xv]

The bracketed annotation 'Forte Sine conss.' (perhaps without consuls) signals a textual crux: the manuscript tradition may have omitted consular names for this period, leaving only tribunician years.

datingtextannis XVIII, postea annis IV; nemo curulis magistratus fuit

This note records an 18-year period without curule magistrates, followed by 4 more years, a known anarchy in early Roman republican chronology (traditionally 375–367 BCE).

transmissiontextOmissi Balbus et Ambustus

The repeated 'Omissi' (omitted) and 'Desunt' (missing) indicate that the manuscript tradition from which Idatius worked had lacunae; these consular pairs are supplied from other sources.

termtexttribuni plebis

Tribuni plebis were Roman officials elected to protect plebeian interests; their creation here (three, then four, two, six) reflects the evolving number of tribunes in the early Republic.

cautiontextLibone [Al. Manlio. Vide Sigon. et Lænate]

The variant 'Libone' or 'Manlio' (with reference to Sigonius) shows that the consular name is uncertain; the editor signals a textual alternative without resolving it.

backgroundtextnemo curulis magistratus fuit

The absence of curule magistrates (consuls, praetors, etc.) corresponds to the 'Conflict of the Orders' when patrician resistance to plebeian demands led to a suspension of regular elections.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 2

The consular pairs for the periods marked 'Omissi' and 'Desunt' are missing from the base manuscript; the editor supplies them from other sources, but their exact identity remains uncertain.
The phrase 'Forte Sine conss.' suggests that the original list may have had no consuls for that interval, but the reading is conjectural.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:5 · narrativehigh

Source

Rutilo et Torquato II. Corvino III et Cosso. Ahala et Rutilo II. Venoce II etMamertino. Torquato III et Musone [Al. Murel. Mamertino et Seleno. Camillo et Moenio. Festo [AI. Pæto] et Longo. Crasso et Dulillo [Al. DuillioJ. Regulo et Corvino. Albino et Galbino. Vide Sigon, Ann. iste coss. nullos habuit. Galbino et Cosso. POLito et Marcello. Crasso et Venoce Mamertino II et Deciano. Venoce II et Scipione. Lentulo et Sitone. * Libonio et Cursore. Camillo et Bruto. His conss. tum dictator creatus Papyrius Cursor, et magister equitum Drusus. Longo et Cerretano. Cursore et Rullo, Calvino et Albino. Cursore II et Philone. Papirio et Cerretano. Venoce et Flaccino. Barbula et Bubulco. Rutilio et Lænate. Cursore III et Lænate II. Samnite et Longo. Cursore IV et Bubulco II. Maximo et Musone. Bubulco III et Barbula.

English

Rutilus and Torquatus for the second time. Corvinus for the third time and Cossus. Ahala and Rutilus for the second time. Venox for the second time and Mamertinus. Torquatus for the third time and Muso [or Murel]. Mamertinus and Selenus. Camillus and Moenius. Festus [or Paetus] and Longus. Crassus and Dulillus [or Duillius]. Regulus and Corvinus. Albinus and Galbinus. See Sigonius. That year had no consuls. Galbinus and Cossus. Polito and Marcellus. Crassus and Venox. Mamertinus for the second time and Decianus. Venox for the second time and Scipio. Lentulus and Sito. Libonius and Cursor. Camillus and Brutus. In their consulship, then the dictator Papyrius Cursor was created, and the master of the horse Drusus. Longus and Cerretanus. Cursor and Rullus. Calvinus and Albinus. Cursor for the second time and Philo. Papirius and Cerretanus. Venox and Flaccinus. Barbula and Bubulcus. Rutilius and Laenas. Cursor for the third time and Laenas for the second time. Sammite and Longus. Cursor for the fourth time and Bubulcus for the second time. Maximus and Muso. Bubulcus for the third time and Barbula.

Commentary

structuretextRutilo et Torquato II

The passage continues the consular list from the previous section, now with repeated names and iteration numbers (e.g., II, III, IV) indicating successive terms.

cautiontextFesto [AI. Pæto] et Longo

The bracketed variant 'Pæto' for 'Festo' suggests textual uncertainty in the manuscript tradition; the editor signals an alternative reading without resolving it.

cautiontextVide Sigon, Ann. iste coss. nullos habuit.

The note 'Vide Sigon' refers to the historian Sigonius, and the statement 'that year had no consuls' indicates a gap or anomaly in the consular record, possibly a period of anarchy or transitional government.

backgroundtextHis conss. tum dictator creatus Papyrius Cursor, et magister equitum Drusus.

This entry records the appointment of a dictator and master of the horse, a constitutional mechanism in the Roman Republic for emergencies, here tied to specific consuls.

termtextmagister equitum

The Latin term 'magister equitum' (master of the horse) denotes the dictator's second-in-command, a standard Republican office revived in this chronicle.

receptiontextVide Sigon, Ann.

The reference to Sigonius (Carolus Sigonius, 16th-century historian) shows that the manuscript or its marginalia engaged with Renaissance scholarship on Roman chronology.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 2

The identity of several consuls (e.g., Muso/Murel, Festus/Paetus, Dulillus/Duillius) is uncertain due to variant readings in the manuscript tradition.
The note 'Vide Sigon, Ann. iste coss. nullos habuit' may refer to a specific year with no consuls, but the exact year is not specified in this passage.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:6 · narrativehigh

Source

Rullo et Rutilio. His conss. tum dictator Cursor, et magister equitum Bubulcus. Musone II et Rullo II. Appio Cæco et Violente. Tremulo et Albino [Al. ArvinaJ. Metello et Minutio. Sempronio et Faberio. Lentulo et Abentesi. Dentone et Æmilio. Hisconss. Forte Sine conss.l Corvinus dictator, et Æmilius magister equitum mensibus vl deinde fuerunt. Corvino et Pansa. Paetico et Torquato. Scipione et Maximo. Rullo III et Musone III. Claudio et Violente. Rullo IV et Musone IV. Claudio II et Violente II. (Hi male inserti videntur.) Rullo v et Musone v. Metello et Regulo. Cursore et Maximo. Maximo Gurgite et Braccho. Metello II et Vulbo. Omissi Rufinus et Dentatus. Maximo [Al. Corvino et Noctua. Tremulo et Albino. Marcello et Rutilo. Polito et Petito. Lepido et Cæcina [AI. Canina]. Dacio et Dentone [AI. Tucca et Dentre].

English

Rullus and Rutilius. In their consulship, then the dictator Cursor, and the master of the horse Bubulcus. Muso for the second time and Rullus for the second time. Appius Caecus and Violens. Tremulus and Albinus [or Arvina]. Metellus and Minutius. Sempronius and Faberius. Lentulus and Abentesius. Dento and Aemilius. In their consulship. [Perhaps without consuls?] Corvinus dictator, and Aemilius master of the horse for six months, then they were. Corvinus and Pansa. Paeticus and Torquatus. Scipio and Maximus. Rullus for the third time and Muso for the third time. Claudius and Violens. Rullus for the fourth time and Muso for the fourth time. Claudius for the second time and Violens for the second time. (These seem wrongly inserted.) Rullus for the fifth time and Muso for the fifth time. Metellus and Regulus. Cursor and Maximus. Maximus Gurges and Braccus. Metellus for the second time and Vulbus. Rufinus and Dentatus omitted. Maximus [or Corvinus] and Noctua. Tremulus and Albinus. Marcellus and Rutilus. Polito and Petitus. Lepidus and Caecina [or Canina]. Dacius and Dento [or Tucca and Dentre].

Commentary

structuretext

This passage continues the consular list with repeated names (Rullus, Muso) and occasional dictator entries, following the pattern of the previous passage.

cautiontext

The phrase 'Forte Sine conss.' (Perhaps without consuls?) indicates uncertainty in the manuscript tradition about whether consuls held office in that year.

cautiontext

The parenthetical note '(Hi male inserti videntur.)' (These seem wrongly inserted) suggests a scribal or editorial awareness of corruption in the list.

termtextOmissi

'Omissi' (omitted) signals that the names Rufinus and Dentatus are missing from the main list, possibly due to textual loss or deliberate exclusion.

backgroundtext

The dictator and master of the horse (magister equitum) were extraordinary magistrates in the Roman Republic, appointed in emergencies; their inclusion here reflects the historical record.

receptiontext

The reference 'See Sigonius' in the previous passage indicates that the manuscript tradition or early modern editors (e.g., Sigonius) were consulted for corrections or comparisons.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 2

The names 'Violente' and 'Violens' may represent the same person or a textual variant; 'Al. Arvina' and similar parentheticals show alternative readings in the manuscript tradition.
The phrase 'Forte Sine conss.' is ambiguous: it may mean the year had no consuls, or that the consuls are unknown.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:7 · narrativemedium

Source

Dolabella et Maximo [AI. Domino]. Lucio et Papo. Barbula el Philippo. Lævino et Coruncano. Caverione et Musone [Al. Saverrione et MureJ. Lucinio et Papo. Rufino et Bubulco. Gurgite et Clepyno. Dentato et Lentulo. Dentalo II et Merenda. Licinio et Cambia. Cursore et Maximo. Claudio et Clepsinate [Al. Clepsina. Omissi Clepsina II et Blasio. Gallo Sabino et Pisone, Sempronio Sapiente et Rufo. Regulo et Libone. Fabio Pictore et Poeta. Maximo et Vitulo [AI. Mure]. Theudace et Flacco. Maximo et Crasso. Albino [Al. L. Postumio Megello et Vitulo. Flacco II et Crasso. Scipione Asina et Duillio. Scipione et Floro. Catacœno [AI. Calatino] et Paterculo. Regulo et Blæso. Vulsone et Decio jAi. Cædicio], cui suffectus Regulus. Pætino et Paulo. Scipione et Calatiuo. Capitone et Blæso. Coita et Gemino. Metello et Papo.

English

Dolabella and Maximus [or Domitius]. Lucius and Papus. Barbula and Philippus. Laevinus and Coruncanus. Caverio and Muso [or Saverrio and Mure]. Lucinius and Papus. Rufinus and Bubulcus. Gurges and Clepynus. Dentatus and Lentulus. Dentatus II and Merenda. Licinius and Cambia. Cursor and Maximus. Claudius and Clepsinas [or Clepsina]. Omitted: Clepsina II and Blasius. Gallus Sabinus and Piso. Sempronius Sapiens and Rufus. Regulus and Libo. Fabius Pictor and Poeta. Maximus and Vitulus [or Mure]. Theudaces and Flaccus. Maximus and Crassus. Albinus [or Lucius Postumius Megellus] and Vitulus. Flaccus II and Crassus. Scipio Asina and Duillius. Scipio and Florus. Catacoenus [or Calatinus] and Paterculus. Regulus and Blaesus. Vulso and Decius [or Caedicius], to whom Regulus was substituted. Paetinus and Paulus. Scipio and Calatinus. Capito and Blaesus. Cotta and Geminus. Metellus and Papus.

Commentary

structuretext

This passage continues the list of consular pairs, following the pattern of the previous passage. The list is a sequence of names in the ablative or nominative, with occasional variant readings noted in brackets.

transmissiontext

The manuscript tradition shows significant variation in names, as indicated by the bracketed alternatives (e.g., 'Dolabella et Maximo [AI. Domino]'). These variants suggest multiple recensions or scribal corrections.

termtextOmissi

The word 'Omissi' (omitted) is a scribal note indicating that the following pair, Clepsina II and Blasius, was left out in some copies. This reflects the fluidity of the list's transmission.

cautiontext

Many names in this list are obscure or corrupted, such as 'Clepynus', 'Cambia', and 'Theudaces'. Their identification with known historical figures is uncertain, and the list may contain errors or inventions.

backgroundtext

The list of consuls is a typical feature of late antique and medieval chronicles, derived from sources like the Fasti Capitolini. This passage likely draws on a lost consular list, possibly from the Roman Republican period.

receptiontext

The inclusion of variant readings (e.g., 'Al. Domino', 'Al. Mure') suggests that this text was used by scholars who compared different manuscripts, a practice common in early modern editions of such lists.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 1

The identity of many consular pairs is uncertain due to textual corruption and lack of external confirmation. The variants in brackets indicate alternative readings from different manuscripts, but the original form is often unclear.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:8 · narrativehigh

Source

Regulo II et Vne. Pulchro et Pullo. Cotta II et Gemino n. Meiello et Buteone. Crasso et Licinio. Buteone II et Bullo. Torquato et Blaeso. Fundulo et Gallo Longo. Catulo et Albino. Torquato et Catone. Centone et Tuditano (Cic. in Bruto, 7i). Tuncino et Falcone (Al. Turrino et Faltone]. Graccho et Faltone. Omissi Lentulus et Flaccus. 5f8 Claudio Lentulo et Varo. Torquato et Volbo [AI. Bulbo]. Albino et Rogo. Maximo et Mathone. Lepido et Balbulo [AI. Malleolo]. Mathone et Masone. Barbula II et Pera. Albino et Centumalo. Burga et Maximo Vcro tAl. Q. Fab. Max. et Carvilio]. Fiacco et Rogulo (Cic. de Senectute, 11). Maximo Messala [AI. Val. Messala] et Apustio. Papo et Regulo. Torquato et Papo. 53! Flaminio et Philone. Scipione et Marcello. Scipione Nasica et Rufo. Catulo et Philone. Paulo et Salinatore.

English

Regulus II and Une. Pulcher and Pullus. Cotta II and Geminus n. Mevillus and Buteo. Crassus and Licinius. Buteo II and Bullus. Torquatus and Blaesus. Fundulus and Gallus Longus. Catulus and Albinus. Torquatus and Cato. Cento and Tuditanus (Cic. in Bruto, 7i). Tuncinus and Falco (Al. Turrinus and Falto). Gracchus and Falto. Omitted: Lentulus and Flaccus. 5f8 Claudius Lentulus and Varus. Torquatus and Volbus [Al. Bulbus]. Albinus and Rogus. Maximus and Matho. Lepidus and Balbulus [Al. Malleolus]. Matho and Maso. Barbula II and Pera. Albinus and Centumalus. Burgus and Maximus Verus [Al. Q. Fab. Max. and Carvilius]. Flaccus and Regulus (Cic. de Senectute, 11). Maximus Messala [Al. Val. Messala] and Apustius. Papo and Regulus. Torquatus and Papo. 531 Flaminius and Philo. Scipio and Marcellus. Scipio Nasica and Rufus. Catulus and Philo. Paulus and Salinator.

Commentary

structuretext

This passage continues the consular list with pairs of names, some marked with numerals (II) or abbreviations (n.), and includes parenthetical citations to Cicero and variant readings (Al.).

termtextCotta II et Gemino n.

The abbreviation 'n.' likely stands for 'nepos' (grandson) or 'natus' (son), indicating a filial relationship, a common feature in consular fasti.

receptiontextCentone et Tuditano (Cic. in Bruto, 7i)

The citation 'Cic. in Bruto, 7i' refers to Cicero's Brutus, a dialogue on Roman oratory, where these consuls are mentioned. This shows the compiler used Cicero as a source for the fasti.

transmissiontextTuncino et Falcone (Al. Turrino et Faltone]

The notation 'Al.' (aliter) indicates a textual variant in the manuscript tradition, suggesting uncertainty in the transmission of these names.

cautiontextOmissi Lentulus et Flaccus

The phrase 'Omissi' (omitted) signals that the compiler deliberately excluded these consuls from the main list, possibly due to a gap in sources or a different reckoning of the fasti.

receptiontextFiacco et Rogulo (Cic. de Senectute, 11)

The citation 'Cic. de Senectute, 11' refers to Cicero's Cato Maior de Senectute, another source used by the compiler for consular names, indicating reliance on Cicero's philosophical works for historical data.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 3

The abbreviation 'n.' in 'Gemino n.' is ambiguous: it could mean 'nepos' (grandson) or 'natus' (son).
The variant readings marked 'Al.' indicate uncertainty in the manuscript tradition for several names.
The numeral '5f8' before 'Claudio Lentulo' is unclear; it may be a folio number or a scribal error.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:9 · narrativemedium

Source

Scipione et Longo. Gemino et Flaminio, cui suffectus est Regulus. Paulo II et Varone. Fabio Maximo et Graccho. Fabio Maximo et Marcello. Maximo et Graccbo. Pulchro et Flacco. Galba et Centumalo. Lebyino et Marcello. Fabio et Flacco. Marcello et Crispino. erone et Salinatore. Metello et Philone (Cic. ibid., 57). Scipione et Crasso divite (Cic. ibid., 77). Cethego et Tuditano (Cic. ibid., et $0). Cæpione et Servilio. Nerone et Servilio. Lentulo et Pæto. Galba II et Cotta. Lentulo et Tappulo. Flaminio et Pæto. Cethego et Rufo (Cic. ibid., 73). Porphyrio et Marcello. Festo et Flacco. Scipione Africano et Longo. Merula et Thermo. Flaminio et Ahenobarbo. Glabrione et Nasica. Scipione et Laelio. Vulsone et Nobiliore. Salinatore et Messala. Lepido et Flaminio. Albino et Philippo. Pulchro et Tuditano (Cic. in Bruto, 60).

English

Scipio and Longus. Geminus and Flaminius, to whom Regulus was substituted. Paulus II and Varro. Fabius Maximus and Gracchus. Fabius Maximus and Marcellus. Maximus and Gracchus. Pulcher and Flaccus. Galba and Centumalus. Lebyinus and Marcellus. Fabius and Flaccus. Marcellus and Crispinus. Nero and Salinator. Metellus and Philo (Cic. ibid., 57). Scipio and Crassus Dives (Cic. ibid., 77). Cethegus and Tuditanus (Cic. ibid., et $0). Caepio and Servilius. Nero and Servilius. Lentulus and Paetus. Galba II and Cotta. Lentulus and Tappulus. Flaminius and Paetus. Cethegus and Rufus (Cic. ibid., 73). Porphyrius and Marcellus. Festus and Flaccus. Scipio Africanus and Longus. Merula and Thermus. Flaminius and Ahenobarbus. Glabrio and Nasica. Scipio and Laelius. Vulso and Nobilior. Salinator and Messala. Lepidus and Flaminius. Albinus and Philippus. Pulcher and Tuditanus (Cic. in Bruto, 60).

Commentary

structuretextScipione et Longo

This entry begins a new section of the consular list, continuing the pattern of paired names without additional commentary.

sensetextGemino et Flaminio, cui suffectus est Regulus

The phrase 'cui suffectus est Regulus' indicates a suffect consul, Regulus, replacing Flaminius during the year.

paralleltextCethego et Tuditano (Cic. ibid., et $0)

The citation 'Cic. ibid., et $0' is corrupt; the '$0' likely represents a missing numeral or page reference, possibly intended as 'et 70' or similar.

receptiontextScipione et Crasso divite (Cic. ibid., 77)

The epithet 'divite' (rich) distinguishes this Crassus, likely Marcus Licinius Crassus, from other homonymous figures in the list.

transmissiontextPulchro et Tuditano (Cic. in Bruto, 60)

The final entry cites Cicero's Brutus, suggesting the list draws on that work for the names of consuls, possibly from a lost section.

Open questions · 2

The citation 'Cic. ibid., et $0' is unclear; the '$0' may be a scribal error or placeholder for a numeral.
Several names (e.g., 'Lebyino', 'Porphyrio') are rare or otherwise unattested, leaving their identification uncertain.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:10 · narrativemedium

Source

Pulchro II et Licinio. Labeone et Marcello. Pamfilio et Paulo. Cethego et Pamfilio. Albino et Pilone. Acindyno et Flacco. Bruto et Vulsone. Pulchro et Graccho. Scipione et Petilio. Lepido II et Scævola. Omissi Albinus et Scævola. Albino et Lxnate. Lænate et Ælio. Crasso et Longo. Macrino et Serrano. Philippo et Caepione (Cic. in Bruto, 78). Paulo et Crasso. Paeto et Penno (Cic. ibid., 109). Gallo et Claudio. Torquato et Octavio (Ibid. de Fin. l. I, 24). Torquato u et Longino. Graccho et Thalna. Scipione Nasica et Figulo. In horum locum, quia vilio creati erant, sufficiuntur Lentulus et Domitius, Messala et Carbone. Gallo et Cethego. Dolabella et Fulvio Nobiliore. Lepido et Lænate II. Cæsare et Oreste. Lentulo et Figulo (Cic. in Bruto, 79). Nasica et Marcello. Opimio et Albino. Nobiliore et Lusco (Cic. ibid.).

English

Pulcher II and Licinius. Labeo and Marcellus. Pamphilius and Paulus. Cethegus and Pamphilius. Albinus and Piso. Acindynus and Flaccus. Brutus and Vulsus. Pulcher and Gracchus. Scipio and Petilius. Lepidus II and Scaevola. Omitted: Albinus and Scaevola. Albinus and Laenas. Laenas and Aelius. Crassus and Longus. Macrinus and Serranus. Philippus and Caepio (Cic. in Bruto, 78). Paulus and Crassus. Paetus and Pennus (Cic. ibid., 109). Gallus and Claudius. Torquatus and Octavius (Ibid. de Fin. l. I, 24). Torquatus II and Longinus. Gracchus and Thalna. Scipio Nasica and Figulus. In their place, because they were created by a flaw, Lentulus and Domitius are substituted. Messala and Carbo. Gallus and Cethegus. Dolabella and Fulvius Nobilior. Lepidus and Laenas II. Caesar and Orestes. Lentulus and Figulus (Cic. in Bruto, 79). Nasica and Marcellus. Opimius and Albinus. Nobilior and Luscus (Cic. ibid.).

Commentary

structuretextOmissi Albinus et Scævola

The phrase 'Omissi Albinus et Scævola' is a scribal insertion indicating that the consular pair Albinus and Scaevola were omitted from the main list, possibly due to a source discrepancy or error.

termtextvilio

'Vilio' is a variant spelling of 'vitio' (flaw, defect), meaning the consuls were elected invalidly due to a procedural flaw, leading to their substitution.

backgroundtextScipione Nasica et Figulo. In horum locum, quia vilio creati erant, sufficiuntur Lentulus et Domitius

This substitution reflects a known Roman practice: if consuls were elected vitio (with a religious or procedural flaw), they were replaced by suffect consuls. The names Lentulus and Domitius are historically attested for 162 BCE.

receptiontextPhilippo et Caepione (Cic. in Bruto, 78)

The citation 'Cic. in Bruto, 78' refers to Cicero's Brutus, a dialogue on Roman oratory, where these consuls are mentioned as chronological markers. Idatius likely used Cicero as a source for consular dates.

cautiontextTorquato et Octavio (Ibid. de Fin. l. I, 24)

The citation 'Ibid. de Fin. l. I, 24' is ambiguous: 'Ibid.' may refer to Cicero's De Finibus, but the book and section number may not align with modern editions, requiring verification.

paralleltextPulchro II et Licinio

The consular pair 'Pulcher II and Licinius' corresponds to the Roman consuls of 153 BCE: Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum (II) and Marcus Claudius Marcellus, but the names here are abbreviated or variant.

Open questions · 2

The exact identification of several consular names (e.g., 'Pulcher', 'Labeo', 'Pamphilius') is uncertain due to abbreviation or variant spelling; the list may conflate cognomina and nomina.
The source of the omitted pair 'Albinus et Scævola' is unclear; it may reflect a lacuna in Idatius's exemplar.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:11 · narrativemedium

Source

Marcello II et Flacco. Lucullo et Albino (Cic. ibid., 81). Flaminio et Balbo. Censorino et Manilio (Cic. in Bruto, 61). Albino et Pisone. Scipione Æmilii et Druso. Lentulo et Numicio. Maximo Æmilii et Mancino. Galba et Cotla (Cic. de Amici,. 96). Claudio et Metello. Metello et Maximo (Cic. in Bruto, 161). Omissi Cæpio et Rufus. Caepione et Lælio (Cic. ibid., 85). Lænate et Pisone (Cic. ibid., 106). Nasica Scipione et Bruto. Lepido Porcina et Mancino. Philo et Servilio [AI. Sex. Atilioj. Flacco et Pisone. Scipione Africano et Flacco. Scævola et Calpurnio. Laenate et Rutilio. Crasso et Flacco (Cic. de Amicitia, 37). Lentulo et Perpenna. Tuditano et Anulio [ Cic. de Nat. deorum Aquilio]. Octavio et Rufo jAI. T. Annio]. Longino et Cinna (Cic. ibid., 109). Lepido et Oreste. Hypsæo et Flacco. Longino et Calvino.

English

Marcellus II and Flaccus. Lucullus and Albinus (Cicero, *Brutus* 81). Flaminius and Balbus. Censorinus and Manilius (Cicero, *Brutus* 61). Albinus and Piso. Scipio Aemilianus and Drusus. Lentulus and Numicius. Maximus Aemilianus and Mancinus. Galba and Cotla (Cicero, *De Amicitia* 96). Claudius and Metellus. Metellus and Maximus (Cicero, *Brutus* 161). Omitted: Caepio and Rufus. Caepio and Laelius (Cicero, *Brutus* 85). Laenas and Piso (Cicero, *Brutus* 106). Nasica Scipio and Brutus. Lepidus Porcina and Mancinus. Philo and Servilius [al. Sextus Atilius]. Flaccus and Piso. Scipio Africanus and Flaccus. Scaevola and Calpurnius. Laenas and Rutilius. Crassus and Flaccus (Cicero, *De Amicitia* 37). Lentulus and Perpenna. Tuditanus and Anulius [Cicero, *De Natura Deorum*: Aquilius]. Octavius and Rufus [al. Titus Annius]. Longinus and Cinna (Cicero, *Brutus* 109). Lepidus and Orestes. Hypsaeus and Flaccus. Longinus and Calvinus.

Commentary

structuretext

This passage continues the consular list with pairs of names, each representing a year's consuls. The pattern of alternating between named pairs and parenthetical citations to Cicero is consistent with the earlier sections.

backgroundexternal

The citations to Cicero's *Brutus* and *De Amicitia* (likely *De Amicitia* is a misnomer for *Laelius de Amicitia* or a lost work) serve as sources for the consular names, indicating the compiler's reliance on Cicero for historical accuracy.

transmissiontext

The entry 'Omissi Cæpio et Rufus' suggests that the compiler noted omissions from the source, possibly indicating gaps in the manuscript tradition or deliberate selection. The bracketed '[AI. Sex. Atilioj]' and '[Cic. de Nat. deorum Aquilio]' show variant readings or alternative manuscript traditions.

termtextOmissi

'Omissi' (Latin for 'omitted') marks a pair of consuls that the compiler chose to exclude from the main list, possibly due to lack of reliable sources or to avoid redundancy.

parallelexternal

The consular pairs listed here, such as 'Scipione Africano et Flacco' and 'Lepido et Oreste', correspond to known Roman consuls from the 2nd and 1st centuries BCE, as recorded in other fasti and historical works.

cautiontext

The citation 'Cic. de Amici,. 96' is likely a scribal error or abbreviation for Cicero's *De Amicitia* (possibly *Laelius*), but the exact work is uncertain. Similarly, 'Cic. de Nat. deorum Aquilio' may refer to *De Natura Deorum* but the name 'Aquilio' is unclear.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 2

The exact identity of 'Cotla' in 'Galba et Cotla' is uncertain; it may be a variant of 'Cotta' or a scribal error.
The bracketed alternatives '[AI. Sex. Atilioj]' and '[Cic. de Nat. deorum Aquilio]' indicate textual variants whose source manuscripts are not fully identified.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:12 · narrativehigh

Source

Metello et Flaminino (Cic. pro Domo, 136). Abenobarbo et Fannio (Cic. in Bruto, 99). Opimio et Maximo Æmilii. Manilio et Carbone. Metello et Cotta. Catone et Marcio rege. Metello Diademato [Vel Dalmatico] et Mutio Scævola. Geta et Maximo Serviliano.' Scauro et Metello. Balbo et Catone. Metello et Carbone. Druso et Pisone. His conss. initium belli Jugurthini. Nasica Scipione et Bestia Calpurnio (Cic. in Bruto, 128). Rufo et Albino. Metello Numidico et Silano (Cic. ibid., 135). Sulpitio et Scauro. Longino et Mario (Cic. ibid., 161). Serrano et Caeptone. His conss. natus est Cicero die VIII kalendas Maias [III Non. Jan. ad Att. VII, 5]. Rufo et Mallio [At. Manilio]. Mario II et Fimbria. Mario III et Oreste. Mario IV et Catulo. Mario v et Aquillio. Mario vi et Flacco (Cic. pro Rabir., 20). Antonio et Albiuo (Cic. post redit., ad Quir., 11).

English

Metellus and Flamininus (Cicero, *Pro Domo* 136). Ahenobarbus and Fannius (Cicero, *Brutus* 99). Opimius and Maximus Aemilius. Manilius and Carbo. Metellus and Cotta. Cato and Marcius Rex. Metellus Diadematus [or Dalmaticus] and Mucius Scaevola. Geta and Maximus Servilianus. Scaurus and Metellus. Balbus and Cato. Metellus and Carbo. Drusus and Piso. In their consulship, the beginning of the Jugurthine War. Nasica Scipio and Bestia Calpurnius (Cicero, *Brutus* 128). Rufus and Albinus. Metellus Numidicus and Silanus (Cicero, ibid., 135). Sulpicius and Scaurus. Longinus and Marius (Cicero, ibid., 161). Serranus and Caepio. In their consulship, Cicero was born on the eighth day before the Kalends of May [the third day before the Nones of January, *Ad Atticum* VII, 5]. Rufus and Mallius [or Manilius]. Marius II and Fimbria. Marius III and Orestes. Marius IV and Catulus. Marius V and Aquillius. Marius VI and Flaccus (Cicero, *Pro Rabirio* 20). Antonius and Albinus (Cicero, *Post Reditum ad Quirites* 11).

Commentary

structuretextMetello et Flaminino

This entry continues the consular list with a pair not in the previous passage; the citation to Cicero's *Pro Domo* 136 is a rare non-*Brutus* reference in this section.

datingtextHis conss. initium belli Jugurthini

The note dates the start of the Jugurthine War to the consulship of Drusus and Piso (112 BC), a standard synchronism in Roman historiography.

datingtextHis conss. natus est Cicero die VIII kalendas Maias

The birth date of Cicero is given as 8 May, but the parenthetical correction to 3 January (from *Ad Atticum* VII, 5) shows a textual variant or scribal confusion; the Latin brackets indicate uncertainty.

termtextMetello Diademato [Vel Dalmatico]

The cognomen 'Diadematus' (or 'Dalmaticus') for Metellus is a textual variant; the brackets signal a scribal or editorial alternative, reflecting manuscript divergence.

receptiontextMario II et Fimbria

The repeated consulships of Marius (II–VI) reflect his unprecedented political dominance in the late 2nd–early 1st century BC, a key theme in Roman republican history.

cautiontextRufo et Mallio [At. Manilio]

The name 'Mallius' is corrected to 'Manilius' in brackets, indicating a textual corruption or variant in the manuscript tradition; the reading is uncertain.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 3

The birth date of Cicero is given as 8 May but corrected to 3 January, leaving the intended date ambiguous.
The name 'Mallius' vs. 'Manilius' is unresolved; the brackets show a scribal or editorial alternative.
The cognomen 'Diadematus' or 'Dalmaticus' for Metellus is uncertain.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:13 · narrativehigh

Source

Metello Nepote et Tito Didio. Lentulo et Crasso. Ahenobarbo et Longino. Crasso et Scavola (Cic. in Bruto, 229). Galva et Ahenobarbo. Flacco et Herennio. Pulchro et Perperna. Philippo et Caesare. Caesare et Lupo. Strabone et Catone (Cic. Divin., 4). Sylla et Rufo (Cic. i in Rull., 38). Octavio et Cinna (Cie. Tuscul., 55). Mario vu et Cinna II. His conss. natus est Sallustius die kalendas Octobr. Cinna III et Carbone. Carbone II et Scribonio. Scipione et Norbano (Cic. pro Quintio, 24). Carbone III et Maria (Cic. in Rull., 7). Decula et Dolabella (Cic. in Rull., 35). Sylla et Metello Pio (Cic. pro Plancio, 69). Valia et Pulchro. Lepido et Catulo (Cic. pro Balbo, 34). Bruto et Mamerco (Cic. in Bruto, 175). Octavio et Curione (Cic. ibid., 217). Octavioet Cotta (Cic. i Verr., 130). Lucullo et Cotta. Marco Lucullo et Cassio Longino (Cicero pro Cluent., 137).

English

Metellus Nepos and Titus Didius. Lentulus and Crassus. Ahenobarbus and Longinus. Crassus and Scaevola (Cicero, *Brutus* 229). Galba and Ahenobarbus. Flaccus and Herennius. Pulcher and Perperna. Philippus and Caesar. Caesar and Lupus. Strabo and Cato (Cicero, *De Divinatione* 4). Sylla and Rufus (Cicero, *De Lege Agraria* 1.38). Octavius and Cinna (Cicero, *Tusculanae Disputationes* 55). Marius VII and Cinna II. In their consulship Sallustius was born on the Kalends of October. Cinna III and Carbo. Carbo II and Scribonius. Scipio and Norbanus (Cicero, *Pro Quinctio* 24). Carbo III and Maria (Cicero, *De Lege Agraria* 7). Decula and Dolabella (Cicero, *De Lege Agraria* 35). Sylla and Metellus Pius (Cicero, *Pro Plancio* 69). Valia and Pulcher. Lepidus and Catulus (Cicero, *Pro Balbo* 34). Brutus and Mamercus (Cicero, *Brutus* 175). Octavius and Curio (Cicero, *Brutus* 217). Octavius and Cotta (Cicero, *In Verrem* 1.130). Lucullus and Cotta. Marcus Lucullus and Cassius Longinus (Cicero, *Pro Cluentio* 137).

Commentary

structuretextMetello Nepote et Tito Didio

This entry begins a new consular pair, continuing the list format. The names correspond to the consuls of 98 BCE.

datingtextMario vu et Cinna II. His conss. natus est Sallustius die kalendas Octobr.

This entry dates the birth of the historian Sallust to 1 October 86 BCE, during the seventh consulship of Marius and the second of Cinna.

receptiontextCrasso et Scavola (Cic. in Bruto, 229)

The citation to Cicero's Brutus 229 is a marginal reference added by a later reader or editor, linking the consular pair to a passage in Cicero.

cautiontextStrabone et Catone (Cic. Divin., 4)

The reference 'Cic. Divin., 4' is ambiguous: it may refer to De Divinatione, but the book or section number is uncertain. The standard edition does not use this numbering.

backgroundtextSylla et Rufo (Cic. i in Rull., 38)

The citation 'Cic. i in Rull., 38' refers to Cicero's first speech De Lege Agraria contra Rullum, section 38. The abbreviation 'Rull.' is a common Renaissance shorthand for Rullus.

paralleltextOctavio et Cinna (Cie. Tuscul., 55)

The citation 'Cie. Tuscul., 55' is a scribal error for 'Cic. Tuscul.' (Tusculanae Disputationes). The number 55 likely refers to a section or page in an early printed edition.

Open questions · 3

The citation 'Cic. Divin., 4' is unclear: it may refer to De Divinatione but the section numbering is non-standard.
The abbreviation 'Cie.' for Cicero in one entry is a scribal variant.
The consular pair 'Valia et Pulchro' is otherwise unattested; 'Valia' may be a corruption of 'Valerius' or 'Vatia'.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:14 · narrativehigh

Source

Cn. Lentullo et Gellio (Cic. Verr., 95). P. Lentulo et Oreste. Pompeio et Crasso (Cic. Verr., 123). Hortensio et Metello (Cic. pro Cluent ). His conss. natus est Virgilius die id, Octobr. Marcio Rege et Metello (Cic. in Pis., 8). Pisone et Glabrione (Cic. Philipp.) Volcatio et Tullo. (Duos ex uno fecit. Volcatio Tullo collega fuit Æmilius Lepidus (Cic. Catil. 15). Cotta et Torquato (Cic. Catil., 19). L. Cæsare et Figulo (Cic. pro Sylla, 56). Cicerone et Antonio. His conss. bellum Catilinæ gestum est. Silano et Murena (Cic. pro Flacco, 30). Pisone Frugi et Messala Nigro. Afranio et Melello Celere (Cic. ad Att. I, 15) C. Cæsare et Bibulo (Cic. in Pison., 3). Pisone et Gabinio. Lentulo et Metello Nepote (Gic. post red. in Sen. 5). Marcellino et Philippo (Cic. ad Fam. I. 9). Pompeio II et Crasso II. Ahenobarbo et Pulchro.

English

Gnaeus Lentulus and Gellius (Cicero, *Verrines* 95). Publius Lentulus and Orestes. Pompey and Crassus (Cicero, *Verrines* 123). Hortensius and Metellus (Cicero, *Pro Cluentio*). In their consulship Virgil was born on the Ides of October. Marcius Rex and Metellus (Cicero, *In Pisonem* 8). Piso and Glabrio (Cicero, *Philippics*). Volcatius and Tullus. (He made two from one. Volcatius Tullus had Aemilius Lepidus as colleague) (Cicero, *Catilinarians* 15). Cotta and Torquatus (Cicero, *Catilinarians* 19). Lucius Caesar and Figulus (Cicero, *Pro Sylla* 56). Cicero and Antonius. In their consulship the Catilinarian war was waged. Silanus and Murena (Cicero, *Pro Flacco* 30). Piso Frugi and Messala Niger. Afranius and Metellus Celer (Cicero, *Ad Atticum* I, 15). Gaius Caesar and Bibulus (Cicero, *In Pisonem* 3). Piso and Gabinius. Lentulus and Metellus Nepos (Cicero, *Post Reditum in Senatu* 5). Marcellinus and Philippus (Cicero, *Ad Familiares* I, 9). Pompey II and Crassus II. Ahenobarbus and Pulcher.

Commentary

sensetextHis conss. natus est Virgilius die id, Octobr.

This note records Virgil's birth on the Ides of October (October 15) in the consulship of Hortensius and Metellus, a traditional date for the poet.

sensetextHis conss. bellum Catilinæ gestum est.

This note identifies the consulship of Cicero and Antonius as the year of the Catilinarian conspiracy, a key event in Roman history.

cautiontextDuos ex uno fecit. Volcatio Tullo collega fuit Æmilius Lepidus

The parenthetical remark 'He made two from one' suggests a textual corruption or conflation: the entry may originally have listed two separate consular pairs, but the manuscript merges them.

backgroundtextCic. Verr., 95

The citation 'Cic. Verr., 95' refers to Cicero's *Verrines*, likely a section or page number from an edition, used to verify the consular pair.

structuretextPompeio II et Crasso II.

The numeral 'II' indicates a second consulship for both Pompey and Crassus, showing the list tracks repeated tenures.

receptiontextnatus est Virgilius die id, Octobr.

Virgil's birth date was a point of antiquarian interest; this entry reflects late antique or medieval efforts to synchronize literary history with consular fasti.

Open questions · 2

The citation numbers (e.g., '95', '123') may refer to page numbers in a specific edition of Cicero, not to standard section numbers.
The phrase 'Duos ex uno fecit' is ambiguous: it may indicate a scribal error or a deliberate conflation of two entries.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:15 · narrativehigh

Source

Calvino et Messala. Pompeio III et Metello Scipiont. Rufo et Marcello. Marcello et Paulo. Lentulo et Marcello. Cæsare et Servilio lsaurico (Cic. in Bruto, 229). Caleno et Vatinio (Cic. Philipp., 51). Cæsare III et Lepido. Caesare iv solo. Caesare v et Antonio. Pansa et Hirtio. His conss. obiit Cicero die IV kalend. Maias. (Obiil VII idus Decembres. Ita testimonio Tironis prodidit auctor Dialogi de Oratoribus.) Lepido et Planco. Antonio Pietate et Isaurico. His conss. bellum Isauricum gestum est, et Julius Caesar ex Senatus consilio deceptus in Curia occiditur a Cassio et Bruto. Post hunc Octavianus Cæsar Augustus appellatur. (Ista loco non suo apposita hic esse satis liquet. Cæsar occisus est an. 710, idibus Martiis. Augusti autem nomen Octaviano tributum anno 727, testibus Dione et Censorino.) Calvino et Pollione. (Æræ Hisp. 1) Rufo Censorino et Sabino.

English

Calvinus and Messala. Pompey III and Metellus Scipio. Rufus and Marcellus. Marcellus and Paulus. Lentulus and Marcellus. Caesar and Servilius Isauricus (Cicero, *Brutus* 229). Calenus and Vatinius (Cicero, *Philippics* 51). Caesar III and Lepidus. Caesar IV alone. Caesar V and Antony. Pansa and Hirtius. In their consulship Cicero died on the fourth day before the Kalends of May. (He died on the seventh day before the Ides of December. So the author of the *Dialogue on Orators* reported on the testimony of Tiro.) Lepidus and Plancus. Antony Pietas and Isauricus. In their consulship the Isaurian war was waged, and Julius Caesar, deceived by a decree of the Senate, was killed in the Curia by Cassius and Brutus. After him Octavianus Caesar was called Augustus. (It is quite clear that these things are placed here out of their proper order. Caesar was killed in the year 710, on the Ides of March. The name Augustus was conferred on Octavian in the year 727, according to Dio and Censorinus.) Calvinus and Pollio. (Spanish Era 1) Rufus Censorinus and Sabinus.

Commentary

datingtextHis conss. obiit Cicero die IV kalend. Maias.

The text gives Cicero's death as 28 April, but the parenthetical note corrects this to 7 December (VII idus Decembres) on the authority of Tiro via the Dialogus de Oratoribus.

datingtextPost hunc Octavianus Cæsar Augustus appellatur.

The parenthetical note observes that Caesar's assassination (Ides of March 710 AUC = 44 BCE) and Octavian's adoption of the title Augustus (727 AUC = 27 BCE) are conflated here, citing Dio and Censorinus.

named: Dio, Censorinus

backgroundtextbellum Isauricum

The Isaurian War (78–75 BCE) was a Roman campaign against pirates and tribes in Isauria (south-central Anatolia); its mention here under Antony Pietas and Isauricus (consuls 47 BCE) is anachronistic.

receptiontextauctor Dialogi de Oratoribus

The parenthetical note cites the anonymous author of the Dialogus de Oratoribus (often identified with Tacitus) as preserving Tiro's testimony on Cicero's death date.

structuretextIsta loco non suo apposita hic esse satis liquet.

The editor or scribe explicitly flags that the entry on Caesar's death and Octavian's title is misplaced, indicating a known dislocation in the consular list.

termtextÆræ Hisp. 1

The Spanish Era (Era Hispanica) begins in 38 BCE; its mention here marks a chronological shift from Roman consular years to the Hispanic calendar system.

Open questions · 2

The parenthetical note on Cicero's death date presents two conflicting dates (28 April vs. 7 December) without resolving which is correct.
The placement of Caesar's assassination and Octavian's title under the consulship of Antony Pietas and Isauricus is acknowledged as anachronistic, but the intended correct location is not given.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:16 · narrativemedium

Source

Pulchro et Flacco. His conss. obiit Sallustius die III idus Maias. Agrippa et Gallo. Publicola et Nerva Cocceio. Cornificio et Pompeio Magno. His conss. bellum Fugitivorum gestum est. Antonio II et Libone. His conss. obiit Cicero interfectus die iv kal. Maias. (Expungenda hæc esse nemo non videt.) Octaviano Augusto II et Paulo. His conss. Æra prima cursus lunæ inventus est. (Referendum id fuit ad annum 716.) Ahenobarbo et Sosio. (lli perperam positi infra erant in ms.) Octaviano Aug. III et Corbilio. Octaviano IV et Crasso. (Ær. Hisp. 10) Octaviano v et Pulchro. Octaviano VI et Agrippa II. His conss. Carthago libertatem a populo Romano recepit. Octaviano vu et Agrippa III. Octaviano VIII et Tauro. Octaviano IX et Silano. Octaviano X et Flacco. Octaviano XI et Pisone. Æsernino et Aruntio. Celso et Hiburo. (Isti maie hic inserti).

English

Pulcher and Flaccus. In their consulship, Sallust died on the third day before the Ides of May. Agrippa and Gallus. Publicola and Nerva Cocceius. Cornificius and Pompey the Great. In their consulship, the Slave War was waged. Antonius II and Libo. In their consulship, Cicero was killed on the fourth day before the Kalends of May. (That these entries are to be expunged, no one fails to see.) Octavianus Augustus II and Paulus. In their consulship, the first era of the lunar cycle was discovered. (This ought to have been referred to the year 716.) Ahenobarbus and Sosius. (They were incorrectly placed below in the manuscript.) Octavianus Aug. III and Corbilius. Octavianus IV and Crassus. (Era Hisp. 10) Octavianus V and Pulcher. Octavianus VI and Agrippa II. In their consulship, Carthage received its freedom from the Roman people. Octavianus VII and Agrippa III. Octavianus VIII and Taurus. Octavianus IX and Silanus. Octavianus X and Flaccus. Octavianus XI and Piso. Aeserninus and Aruntius. Celsus and Hiburus. (These are wrongly inserted here.)

Commentary

datingtextHis conss. obiit Sallustius die III idus Maias

The consular year of Pulcher and Flaccus (Pulchro et Flacco) is traditionally dated to 31 BCE. Sallust the historian died in 35 BCE, so this entry is chronologically displaced.

receptiontextExpungenda hæc esse nemo non videt

The parenthetical remark 'That these entries are to be expunged, no one fails to see' is a later editorial comment, likely by a scribe or early editor, indicating awareness of the chronological error in placing Cicero's death under Antonius II and Libo (43 BCE) rather than under the correct consuls.

backgroundtextbellum Fugitivorum

The 'Slave War' (bellum Fugitivorum) refers to the Servile Wars, most famously the Third Servile War (73–71 BCE) led by Spartacus. The consuls Cornificius and Pompey the Great are not historical for that period; this may be a confusion or a later insertion.

transmissiontextIsti maie hic inserti

The note 'These are wrongly inserted here' (Isti maie hic inserti) signals a scribal or editorial awareness of misplacement in the manuscript tradition, likely reflecting a corrupt archetype or marginal additions.

datingtextÆra prima cursus lunæ inventus est

The 'first era of the lunar cycle' refers to the Metonic cycle (19-year lunar cycle) used in Easter calculations. The parenthetical note 'This ought to have been referred to the year 716' (i.e., AUC 716 = 38 BCE) corrects the consular date of Octavianus II and Paulus (traditionally 33 BCE) to an earlier year.

cautiontextlli perperam positi infra erant in ms.

The note 'They were incorrectly placed below in the manuscript' (lli perperam positi infra erant in ms.) indicates a known transposition in the source manuscript, affecting the consular list for Ahenobarbus and Sosius.

Open questions · 1

The consular names 'Pulcher' and 'Flaccus' are not securely identified; 'Pulcher' may be a cognomen (e.g., Clodius Pulcher) but the pairing is uncertain. 'Corbilius' may be a corruption of 'Corbulo' or another name. The 'Slave War' entry is anachronistic and may reflect a later interpolation or confusion with a different conflict.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:17 · narrativehigh

Source

Lollio et Lepido. Apuleio et Nerva. (Ær. Hisp. 20) Saturoino et Lucretio Cinna. Duobus Lentulis. His conss. obiit Virgilius die XI kal. Octobr. (Obiit anno superiore proximo, Saturnino et Lucretio conss. idibus Oct.) Lentulo et Cornelio. (Hi sunt duo Lentuli modo appellati, nec est alius consulatus.) Fornicio et Silano. Scipione et Domitio Ahenobarbo. Libone et Pisone. Crasso et Lenlulo. Nerone et Varo. Messala et Quirino. Rubellio et Saturnino. ( Temere inserti. Maximo et Tuberone. Africano [AI. Fab. M. Afric. et I Antonio et Maximo. (Ær. Hisp. 30) Druso et Crispino. Censorinoet Gallo. Nerone II et Pisone II. Balbo et Vetere. Octaviano XII et Sylla. Sabino et Rufino. Lentulo et Messalino. Octaviano XIII et Silano. His conss. natus est Christus die vm kal. Jan. Lentulo et Pisone. (Æræ Christianæ annos deinceps inscribemus margini quibus perpetua methodo additi anni Urbis conditæ annos exhibebunt.)

English

Lollius and Lepidus. Apuleius and Nerva. (Spanish Era 20) Saturninus and Lucretius Cinna. The two Lentuli. In their consulship, Virgil died on the eleventh day before the Kalends of October. (He died in the previous year, in the consulship of Saturninus and Lucretius, on the Ides of October.) Lentulus and Cornelius. (These are the two Lentuli just named, and there is no other consulship.) Fornicius and Silanus. Scipio and Domitius Ahenobarbus. Libo and Piso. Crassus and Lentulus. Nero and Varus. Messala and Quirinus. Rubellius and Saturninus. (Inserted at random.) Maximus and Tubero. Africanus [Al. Fab. M. Afric. et I] Antonius and Maximus. (Spanish Era 30) Drusus and Crispinus. Censorinus and Gallus. Nero II and Piso II. Balbus and Vetus. Octavian XII and Sylla. Sabinus and Rufinus. Lentulus and Messalinus. Octavian XIII and Silanus. In their consulship, Christ was born on the eighth day before the Kalends of January. Lentulus and Piso. (We will henceforth inscribe the Christian years on the margin, which, by a perpetual method, when added to the years of the founding of the City, will exhibit those years.)

Commentary

datingtextÆr. Hisp. 20

The Spanish Era (Era Hispanica) dates from 38 BCE. Thus Spanish Era 20 corresponds to 18 BCE, providing a chronological anchor for the consular year of Saturninus and Lucretius Cinna.

cautiontextDuobus Lentulis

The phrase 'Duobus Lentulis' (the two Lentuli) is ambiguous: it may refer to two consuls both named Lentulus, or to a single consulship of two Lentuli. The parenthetical note clarifies that these are the same two Lentuli already named, and that there is no other consulship.

receptiontextHis conss. natus est Christus die vm kal. Jan.

The entry dates Christ's birth to the consulship of Octavian XIII and Silanus, on 25 December (8th day before the Kalends of January). This reflects a late antique tradition, later contested, that placed the nativity in 1 BCE or 1 CE.

structuretextTemere inserti

The annotation 'Temere inserti' (inserted at random) signals that the scribe or editor considered the consular pair Messala and Quirinus, and Rubellius and Saturninus, to be spurious or misplaced additions to the list.

transmissiontextÆræ Christianæ annos deinceps inscribemus margini

The note announces a shift in the manuscript's method: from this point, Christian years will be written in the margin, and a perpetual method will allow conversion to years from the founding of Rome. This reflects a later editorial intervention to harmonize the chronicle with Christian dating.

cautiontextAfricano [AI. Fab. M. Afric. et I Antonio et Maximo

The bracketed variant 'AI. Fab. M. Afric. et I Antonio et Maximo' indicates textual corruption or alternative readings in the manuscript tradition. The consular names are uncertain; the edition likely follows one manuscript reading.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 3

The consular pair 'Duobus Lentulis' may be a single entry or two separate entries; the parenthetical note attempts to resolve this.
The bracketed variant for 'Africano' suggests multiple manuscript readings for the consuls of that year.
The phrase 'Temere inserti' indicates that the editor considered the following two consular pairs to be spurious, but their original source is unclear.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:18 · narrativemedium

Source

C. Caesare et Lucio Paulo. (Ær. Hisp. ) Vindicio et Varo. Lamia et Servilio niano [Sic ms.]. Omissi Ælius Catus et Saturninus. Magno Pompeio tt Valerio. Lepido et Aruntio. Cretico et Nerva. Camille et Quintiliano. Camerino etSabino. Dolabella et Sabino. ii Lepido et Tauro. (Ær. Hisp. 50) Omissi Germanicus Cæsar et C. Fonteius Capito. Flacco et Silano. Duobus Sextis Pompeio Magno et Apuleio. Bruto et Flacco. Tauro et Libone. Crasso et Rufo. Tiberio Caesare II et Druso Germanico II. Silano et Balbo. Messala et Grato. Tiberio Caesare III et Druso Germanico III (Al. Drus. Tibi at. II]. (Ær. Hisp. 60) Agrippa et Galba. 23Poltione ei Vetere. 24Cethego et Varo [A/. Varrone]. Agrippa It et Lentuto Galva [Sic. ms.]. Getulico et Sabino. Crasso et Pisone. Silano et Nerva. Rufo [AI. Fusio, vel Fufio et Rubellio] et Rubellione. His conss. passus est Christus die decimokalendas Aprilis, et resurrexit VIII kalendas easdem. [Hic in margine ms. hæc legantur: Cum Joannis Evangelium doceat Salvatorem et Dominum nostrum tribus annis post baptiamum docuisse, ad quod venit tricesimo ætatis suae anno, sicut in imperio Tiberii Caesaris habetur ascriptum. In hoc loco per consules error annorum est, nisi si de Rufo et Rubellione in tertium ordinem consulum supputatio pertendat.]

English

Gaius Caesar and Lucius Paulus. (Spanish Era) Vindictus and Varus. Lamia and Servilianus [Thus the manuscript]. Omitted: Aelius Catus and Saturninus. Magnus Pompeius and Valerius. Lepidus and Aruntius. Creticus and Nerva. Camillus and Quintilianus. Camerinus and Sabinus. Dolabella and Sabinus. The two Lepidi and Taurus. (Spanish Era 50) Omitted: Germanicus Caesar and Gaius Fonteius Capito. Flaccus and Silanus. The two Sexti: Pompeius Magnus and Apuleius. Brutus and Flaccus. Taurus and Libo. Crassus and Rufus. Tiberius Caesar II and Drusus Germanicus II. Silanus and Balbus. Messala and Gratus. Tiberius Caesar III and Drusus Germanicus III (Alternatively: Drusus Tiberius II). (Spanish Era 60) Agrippa and Galba. Poltio and Vetus. Cethegus and Varus [Alternatively: Varro]. Agrippa II and Lentulus Galva [Thus the manuscript]. Gaetulicus and Sabinus. Crassus and Piso. Silanus and Nerva. Rufus [Alternatively: Fusius, or Fufius and Rubellius] and Rubellio. In the consulship of these, Christ suffered on the tenth day before the Kalends of April, and rose again on the eighth day before the same Kalends. [In the margin of the manuscript these words are read: Since the Gospel of John teaches that the Savior and our Lord taught for three years after his baptism, which he entered upon in the thirtieth year of his age, as is recorded in the reign of Tiberius Caesar. In this place, through the consuls, there is an error of years, unless the reckoning of the consuls extends to a third order from Rufus and Rubellio.]

Commentary

datingtextC. Caesare et Lucio Paulo

This consular pair is not historically attested; it may reflect a scribal error or a local tradition.

receptiontextHis conss. passus est Christus die decimokalendas Aprilis, et resurrexit VIII kalendas easdem

The marginal note discusses an apparent chronological error in the consular list relative to the Gospel of John, suggesting a reckoning extending to a third order from Rufus and Rubellio.

transmissiontextOmissi Ælius Catus et Saturninus

The manuscript explicitly notes omissions, indicating that the list is not complete and may have been compiled from multiple sources.

termtextRufo [Al. Fusio, vel Fufio et Rubellio] et Rubellione

The variant readings for the consuls' names (Rufus, Fusius, Fufius, Rubellius) suggest textual corruption or multiple traditions.

backgroundtextÆr. Hisp.

The Spanish Era (Era Hispanica) is a calendar system used in Iberia, counting years from 38 BCE. The annotations (20, 50, 60) mark approximate dates.

structuretextOmissi Germanicus Cæsar et C. Fonteius Capito

The repeated pattern of 'Omissi' (omitted) indicates that the list is a selective compilation, possibly from a larger consular fasti.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 2

The consular pair 'C. Caesare et Lucio Paulo' is not historically attested; it may be a scribal error or a local tradition.
The marginal note suggests a chronological discrepancy in the dating of Christ's passion relative to the consular list, but the exact resolution is unclear.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:19 · narrativemedium

Source

Viuicio et Longino Cassio. Tiberio Caesare iv solo [AI. et Ælio Sejano]. (Ær. Hi.,. 70) Aruntio [AI. A. Vitellio] et Ahenobarbo. Galba libolo et Sylla. Persico et Vitellio Puto. (In ms. assignatur anno 32.) Gallo et Noniano. .Emiliano et Plautio. Proculo et Nigrino. Juliano et Asprenate. Caesare II et Cæsiano. Caesare III solo. Caesare IV et Antonino. (Ær. Hisp. 80) Claudio II et Largo. Claudio III et Vitellio II. Crispo II et Tauro. Vinitio et Corvino. Asiatico et Silano. Claudio iv et Vitellio m. Vitellio iv (Non IV: nam hic est A. Vitellis) et Publicola. Verranio et Gallo. Vetere et Nerviliano. Claudio et Orfito. (Ær. Hisp. 90) Sylla et Catone. Silano et Antonino. Marcello et A viola. Nerone et Vetere. Saturnino et Scipione. Nerone II et Pisone. Nerone III et Messala Corvino. His conss. Petrus et Paulus passi sunt die III kal. JuHas.

English

Viuicius and Longinus Cassius. Tiberius Caesar for the fourth time alone [or: and Aelius Sejanus]. (Spanish Era 70) Aruntius [or: A. Vitellius] and Ahenobarbus. Galba Libolo and Sylla. Persicus and Vitellius Puto. (In the manuscript assigned to year 32.) Gallus and Nonianus. Aemilianus and Plautius. Proculus and Nigrinus. Julianus and Asprenas. Caesar for the second time and Caesianus. Caesar for the third time alone. Caesar for the fourth time and Antoninus. (Spanish Era 80) Claudius for the second time and Largus. Claudius for the third time and Vitellius for the second time. Crispus for the second time and Taurus. Vinitius and Corvinus. Asiaticus and Silanus. Claudius for the fourth time and Vitellius for the third time. Vitellius for the fourth time (Not IV: for this is A. Vitellius) and Publicola. Verranius and Gallus. Veter and Nervilianus. Claudius and Orfitus. (Spanish Era 90) Sylla and Cato. Silanus and Antoninus. Marcellus and Aviola. Nero and Veter. Saturninus and Scipio. Nero for the second time and Piso. Nero for the third time and Messala Corvinus. In the consulship of these, Peter and Paul suffered on the third day before the Kalends of July.

Commentary

datingtextÆr. Hi.,. 70

The Spanish Era (Era Hispanica) dates from 38 BCE. Adding 70 yields 32 CE, which aligns with the manuscript's assignment of the consuls Persicus and Vitellius Puto to year 32.

transmissiontextViuicio et Longino Cassio

The names 'Viuicio' and 'Longino Cassio' are likely corruptions of the consuls for 13 CE: Gaius Silius and Lucius Munatius Plancus. The manuscript tradition of the Descriptio Consulum often garbles names.

receptiontextNerone III et Messala Corvino. His conss. Petrus et Paulus passi sunt die III kal. JuHas.

This entry dates the martyrdom of Peter and Paul to 58 CE (consuls Nero III and Messala Corvinus), 29 June. This is a traditional date in the Western Church, though modern scholarship often places Peter's death under Nero in 64 CE.

cautiontextVitellio iv (Non IV: nam hic est A. Vitellis) et Publicola.

The manuscript corrects itself: 'Vitellius for the fourth time' is an error; the consul is Aulus Vitellius (later emperor) with Publicola. This reflects scribal confusion over repeated consulships.

backgroundtextTiberio Caesare iv solo [AI. et Ælio Sejano].

Tiberius was consul in 31 CE for the fourth time, but he resigned; the alternative reading 'and Aelius Sejanus' reflects Sejanus' actual consulship that year before his fall. The manuscript preserves both traditions.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 1

The consular names are often corrupt or variant; the Spanish Era numbers are inconsistently placed; the manuscript's self-corrections (e.g., Vitellius) indicate scribal uncertainty.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:20 · narrativehigh

Source

Aproniano et Capitone. Nerone IV et Lentulo. Lucio [AI. Paeto] et Turpiliano. ( Er. Hisp. 100) Mario et Gallo. His Conss. Jodæu capta est. Rufo et Regulo. Crasso et Basso.' Helva et Vestino. Tellesino et Paulino. Capitone et Rufo. Italico et Trachalo. His conss. Nero non comparuit. Galba II et Tito Rufino. Vespasiano II solo. Vespasiano III et Nerva. (Ær. Hisp. 110) Vespasiano IV et tito II. Domitiano It et Messalino. Vespasiano v et Tito III. Vespasiano vi et Tito tv. Vespasiano vii et Tito v. Vespasiano VIII et Domitiano III. His conss. Judæi pervicti sunt. Commodus el Priscus omissi. Vespasiano ix et Tito VI. TUo VII et Domitiano IV. Galba et Pollione. (Ær. Bisp. 120) Domitiano v et Flavio Sabino. Domitiano VI et Rufo. Domitiano VII et Appio Sabino II. Domitiano vm et Fulvio. Domitiano ix et Dolabella.

English

Apronianus and Capito. Nero for the fourth time and Lentulus. Lucius [or: Paetus] and Turpilianus. (Spanish Era 100) Marius and Gallus. In these consulships, Judaea was captured. Rufus and Regulus. Crassus and Bassus. Helva and Vestinus. Telesinus and Paulinus. Capito and Rufus. Italicus and Trachalus. In these consulships, Nero did not appear. Galba for the second time and Titus Rufinus. Vespasian for the second time alone. Vespasian for the third time and Nerva. (Spanish Era 110) Vespasian for the fourth time and Titus for the second time. Domitian for the second time and Messalinus. Vespasian for the fifth time and Titus for the third time. Vespasian for the sixth time and Titus for the fourth time. Vespasian for the seventh time and Titus for the fifth time. Vespasian for the eighth time and Domitian for the third time. In these consulships, the Jews were completely overcome. Commodus and Priscus omitted. Vespasian for the ninth time and Titus for the sixth time. Titus for the seventh time and Domitian for the fourth time. Galba and Pollio. (Spanish Era 120) Domitian for the fifth time and Flavius Sabinus. Domitian for the sixth time and Rufus. Domitian for the seventh time and Appius Sabinus for the second time. Domitian for the eighth time and Fulvius. Domitian for the ninth time and Dolabella.

Commentary

datingtextAproniano et Capitone

The consular pair Apronianus and Capito corresponds to the year AD 39, the first year of the Spanish Era 100 (which began in AD 38). This synchronism anchors the chronology of the list.

backgroundtextHis Conss. Jodæu capta est

The note 'Judaea was captured' under Marius and Gallus (AD 70) refers to the Roman capture of Jerusalem by Titus, ending the First Jewish–Roman War. The Spanish Era 100 places this event in AD 70.

backgroundtextHis conss. Nero non comparuit

The remark 'Nero did not appear' under Italicus and Trachalus (AD 66) likely notes Nero's absence from Rome during the consular year, possibly due to his artistic tour of Greece in AD 66–67.

datingtextHis conss. Judæi pervicti sunt

The note 'the Jews were completely overcome' under Vespasian VIII and Domitian III (AD 82) likely refers to the final suppression of the Jewish revolt, including the fall of Masada (AD 73/74) or the consolidation of Roman control.

transmissiontextCommodus el Priscus omissi

The phrase 'Commodus and Priscus omitted' indicates a scribal or source omission of consuls for a year, likely AD 78 (Commodus and Priscus). This suggests the list is a compilation with gaps.

structuretext(Ær. Hisp. 100) ... (Ær. Bisp. 120)

The Spanish Era markers (100, 110, 120) structure the list into decades, each beginning a new section. The shift from 'Hisp.' to 'Bisp.' may be a scribal variant for 'Hispanica'.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 2

The Spanish Era year 100 is ambiguous: it could begin in AD 38 or AD 39 depending on the era's start point. The consular pair Apronianus and Capito (AD 39) suggests the era began in AD 38.
The phrase 'Commodus el Priscus omissi' may indicate that these consuls were deliberately omitted or that the manuscript source lacked them.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:21 · narrativehigh

Source

Domitiano et Siturnino. Domitiano XI et Rufo. Fulvio et Atratino. Domitiano XII et Nerva II. Glabrione et Trajano. (Ær. Hisp. 130) Domitiano XIII et Saturnino. Pompeiano et Prisciano. Asprenate et Laterano. Domitiano xiv et Clemente [Al. T. Fl. Clementej. Valente et Vetere. His conss. excessit Domitianus in palatio Romæ. Nerva III et Rufo III. Nerva iv et Trajano II. Palma et Senecione. Trajano III et Pontino [Al. Frontone. Trajano IV et Pæto. (Ær. Hisp. 140) Severiano et Syrio AI. Senecione III et Sura]. Trajano v et Maximo. Suburano [AI. Surano II et Marcello Candido II et Quadrato. Commodo et Cereali. Syra III | Al. Sura IV | et Senecione II. Gallo et Bradua. Palma II et Tullo. Orfito et Prisciano. Pisone et Juliano [Al. Bolano. (Ær. Hisp. 150) Trajano vi et AfriCano. His conss. ersecuto Christianorum.

English

Domitian and Saturninus. Domitian for the eleventh time and Rufus. Fulvius and Atratinus. Domitian for the twelfth time and Nerva for the second time. Glabrio and Trajan. (Spanish Era 130) Domitian for the thirteenth time and Saturninus. Pompeianus and Priscianus. Asprenas and Lateranus. Domitian for the fourteenth time and Clemens [or: T. Flavius Clemens]. Valens and Vetus. In these consulships, Domitian died in the palace at Rome. Nerva for the third time and Rufus for the third time. Nerva for the fourth time and Trajan for the second time. Palma and Senecio. Trajan for the third time and Pontinus [or: Fronto]. Trajan for the fourth time and Paetus. (Spanish Era 140) Severianus and Syrius [or: Senecio for the third time and Sura]. Trajan for the fifth time and Maximus. Suburanus [or: Suranus for the second time] and Marcellus. Candidus for the second time and Quadratus. Commodus and Cerealis. Syra for the third time [or: Sura for the fourth time] and Senecio for the second time. Gallus and Bradua. Palma for the second time and Tullus. Orfitus and Priscianus. Piso and Julianus [or: Bolanus]. (Spanish Era 150) Trajan for the sixth time and Africanus. In these consulships, persecution of Christians.

Commentary

datingtextDomitiano et Siturnino

The consular year Domitian and Saturninus corresponds to 82 CE. The sequence here follows the standard fasti for the reign of Domitian.

datingtextDomitiano XII et Nerva II

Domitian for the twelfth time and Nerva for the second time corresponds to 90 CE. This entry marks the transition from Domitian to Nerva in the consular list.

datingtextHis conss. excessit Domitianus in palatio Romæ

The note 'In these consulships, Domitian died in the palace at Rome' refers to the year 96 CE, when Domitian was assassinated. The consuls for that year were Valens and Vetus.

datingtextHis conss. ersecuto Christianorum

The note 'In these consulships, persecution of Christians' refers to the year 108 CE (Spanish Era 150), under Trajan for the sixth time and Africanus. This likely alludes to Trajan's rescript to Pliny the Younger regarding Christians.

transmissiontextDomitiano xiv et Clemente [Al. T. Fl. Clementej]

The variant reading 'T. Fl. Clemens' for 'Clemens' indicates a textual corruption or alternative tradition. The correct name is likely T. Flavius Clemens, a consul suffectus in 95 CE.

transmissiontextSeveriano et Syrio AI. Senecione III et Sura]

The variant 'Senecione III et Sura' for 'Severiano et Syrio' suggests a scribal error or alternative source. The consular year 107 CE is otherwise attested as C. Iulius Quadratus Bassus and C. Aburnius Valens.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 2

The consular names for several years have variant readings in the manuscript tradition, as indicated by the 'Al.' (aliter) notes. The exact identification of some consuls (e.g., 'Clemens' vs. 'T. Fl. Clemens') is uncertain.
The Spanish Era dates (Ær. Hisp. 130, 140, 150) are given for some entries but not others, leaving the absolute chronology of the undated entries ambiguous.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:22 · narrativemedium

Source

Celso II et Prisciano [ A.. Crispino] II. Hasta et Voluso. Messala et Pedone. Æliano et Vetere. Aproniano et Nigro. Hadriano et Salinatore. Hadriano iv [AI. III] et Rustico. Severo II et Fulvo. Vero II et Augure. (Ær. Hisp. 160) Aviola et Pansa Aproniano et Paupino [AI. Pætino]. Glabrione et Torquato. Asiatico [Al. add. II) et Aquilino. Vero III et Ambibulo. Titiano et Gallicano. Torquato et Libone. Marcello [AI. Q. Jul. Balbo] et Celso. Catullino et Libone. Pontiano et Rufo. (Ær. Hisp. 170) Augurino et Sergiano ĮAl. Severiano. Hibero et Sisenna. Severo III et Varo. Pontiano et Aquilino Rufo [AI. Aciliano]. Commodo et Pompeiano. Cæsare [Al. Ælio Cxs.J et Balbino. Camerino et Nigro. Antonino II et Praesente. Antonino III et Aurelio. Severo et Silvano fAI. M. Pæduceo Priscino]. [Ær. Hisp. 180] Rufino et Quadrato.

English

Celsus for the second time and Priscianus [or Crispinus] for the second time. Hasta and Volusus. Messalla and Pedo. Aelianus and Vetus. Apronianus and Niger. Hadrianus and Salinator. Hadrianus for the fourth time [or for the third time] and Rusticus. Severus for the second time and Fulvus. Verus for the second time and Augur. (Spanish Era 160) Aviola and Pansa. Apronianus and Paupinus [or Paetinus]. Glabrio and Torquatus. Asiaticus [or Asiaticus for the second time] and Aquilinus. Verus for the third time and Ambibulus. Titianus and Gallicanus. Torquatus and Libo. Marcellus [or Quintus Julius Balbus] and Celsus. Catullinus and Libo. Pontianus and Rufus. (Spanish Era 170) Augurinus and Sergianus [or Severianus]. Hiberus and Sisenna. Severus for the third time and Varus. Pontianus and Aquilinus Rufus [or Acilianus]. Commodus and Pompeianus. Caesar [or Aelius Caesar] and Balbinus. Camerinus and Niger. Antoninus for the second time and Praesens. Antoninus for the third time and Aurelius. Severus and Silvanus [or Marcus Peducaeus Priscinus]. (Spanish Era 180) Rufinus and Quadratus.

Commentary

structuretext

This passage is a consular list spanning from the late 1st to the late 2nd century AD, with Spanish Era dates marking intervals.

datingtext

The Spanish Era dates (160, 170, 180) correspond to AD 122, 132, and 142, anchoring the consular years in the reigns of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius.

transmissiontext

Variant readings in the manuscript tradition (e.g., 'Crispino' vs. 'Prisciano', 'Paupino' vs. 'Paetino') indicate scribal uncertainty or conflation of similar names.

termglossaryCelso II et Prisciano

The consuls Celsus and Priscianus are otherwise unattested; the variant 'Crispino' may reflect a misreading or a different tradition.

backgroundexternal

The list includes emperors (Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius) and their colleagues, reflecting the Fasti tradition used for dating in late antique chronicles.

cautiontext

Several consular pairs (e.g., 'Hasta et Voluso', 'Messala et Pedone') are not found in standard Roman fasti, suggesting local or corrupted sources.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 2

The Spanish Era dates are given as 160, 170, 180, but the corresponding consular years do not align perfectly with known fasti, indicating possible interpolation or local adaptation.
Multiple variant names (e.g., 'Crispino' for 'Prisciano', 'Paupino' for 'Paetino') suggest textual corruption or alternative traditions.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:23 · narrativehigh

Source

Torquato etHerode. A vito et Maximo. Antonino IV et Aurelio II. Claro et Severo. Largo et Messalino. Torquato [AI. add. II] et Juliano. Orfito et Prisco. Glabrione et Vetere. Conpiano et Maximo. (Ær. Hisp. ) Glabrione II et Humilio. Praesente et Rufino. Commodo et Latcrano. Severo et Sabiniano. Silvano et Augurino. Barbaro [Vel Barbato] et Regulo. Tullo [AI. Tertullo] et Sacerdote. Quintillo et Prisco. Bradua et Vero. Antonino v et Aurelio Cæs. duobus Augustis. His conss.orta persecutione passi Polycarpus et Pionius. (Ær. Hisp.200) Rufino [AI. Rustico] et Aquilino. L. Æliano et Pastore. Macrino et Celso. Ortho et Pudente. Pudente et Pollinne. Vero III et Quadrato. In Chronico bis conss. passos legis (Tantum hæc in ms.). Aproniano et Paulo. Prisco et Apollinare. Cethego et Claro. Severo et Herenniano.

English

Torquatus and Herodes. Avitus and Maximus. Antoninus IV and Aurelius II. Clarus and Severus. Largus and Messalinus. Torquatus [some add II] and Iulianus. Orfitus and Priscus. Glabrio and Vetus. Compianus and Maximus. (Hispanic Era) Glabrio II and Humilius. Praesens and Rufinus. Commodus and Lateranus. Severus and Sabinianus. Silvanus and Augurinus. Barbarus [or Barbatus] and Regulus. Tullus [or Tertullus] and Sacerdos. Quintillus and Priscus. Bradua and Verus. Antoninus V and Aurelius Caesar, both Augusti. In their consulship, a persecution arose; Polycarp and Pionius suffered. (Hispanic Era 200) Rufinus [or Rusticus] and Aquilinus. L. Aelianus and Pastor. Macrinus and Celsus. Orthos and Pudens. Pudens and Pollio. Verus III and Quadratus. In the Chronicle, it is read that they suffered under two consuls (Only this in the manuscript). Apronianus and Paulus. Priscus and Apollinaris. Cethegus and Clarus. Severus and Herennianus.

Commentary

structuretextHis conss.orta persecutione passi Polycarpus et Pionius

This entry breaks the consular list format with a narrative clause, marking the persecution under Antoninus V and Aurelius Caesar.

datingtextHispanic Era 200

The Hispanic Era date 200 corresponds to AD 162, placing the persecution of Polycarp and Pionius in that year.

receptiontextIn Chronico bis conss. passos legis (Tantum hæc in ms.)

This marginal note indicates the manuscript source claims the martyrs suffered under two consuls, a variant tradition.

termtextBarbaro [Vel Barbato]

The variant 'Barbato' for 'Barbaro' reflects textual uncertainty in the consular name, common in manuscript transmission.

backgroundtextPolycarpus et Pionius

Polycarp of Smyrna and Pionius of Smyrna were early Christian martyrs; their mention here links the consular list to persecution history.

cautiontextTantum hæc in ms.

The phrase 'Only this in the manuscript' signals that the preceding note is a scribal addition, not part of the original list.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 1

The consular names 'Barbaro' vs. 'Barbato' and 'Tullo' vs. 'Tertullo' are uncertain; the edition notes variants. The phrase 'His conss.' may refer to the immediately preceding consuls or a broader period. The marginal note 'In Chronico bis conss. passos legis' is ambiguous about which chronicle is meant.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:24 · narrativehigh

Source

(Ær. Hisp. 210) Orfito et Maximo. Severo II et Pompeiano. Gallo et Flacco. Pisone et Juliano. Pollione et Apro. Commodo et Quintillo. Orfito et Rufo. Commodo IIet Vero. Praesente el Condiano. Commodo III et Byrro [Sive Burrho]. (Ær. Hisp. 220) Mamertino et Rufo. Commodo IV et Victorino. Marullo et Æliano. Materno et Bradua. Commodo v et Glabrione. Crispino et Æliano. Fusciano et Silano. Duobus Silanis. Commodo VI et Septimiano. Aproniano et Bradua. (Ær. Hisp. 230) Commodo VII el Pertinace. Flaccone et Claro. Severo II et Albino. Tertullo et Clemente. Dextro et Prisco. Laterano et Rufino. Saturnino et Gallo. Anulino et Fronlone. Severo II [Male n] et Victorino. Muciano et Fabiano. (Ær. Hisp. 240) Severo III et Antonino. Plautiano II et Geta. Cilone et Libone. Antonino II et Geta II. Albino et Æmiliano.

English

(Hispanic Era 210) Orfitus and Maximus. Severus II and Pompeianus. Gallus and Flaccus. Piso and Iulianus. Pollio and Aper. Commodus and Quintillus. Orfitus and Rufus. Commodus II and Verus. Praesens and Condianus. Commodus III and Byrrhus [or Burrhus]. (Hispanic Era 220) Mamertinus and Rufus. Commodus IV and Victorinus. Marullus and Aelianus. Maternus and Bradua. Commodus V and Glabrio. Crispinus and Aelianus. Fuscianus and Silanus. The Two Silani. Commodus VI and Septimianus. Apronianus and Bradua. (Hispanic Era 230) Commodus VII and Pertinax. Flacco and Clarus. Severus II and Albinus. Tertullus and Clemens. Dexter and Priscus. Lateranus and Rufinus. Saturninus and Gallus. Anulinus and Fronto. Severus II [incorrectly] and Victorinus. Mucianus and Fabianus. (Hispanic Era 240) Severus III and Antoninus. Plautianus II and Geta. Cilo and Libo. Antoninus II and Geta II. Albinus and Aemilianus.

Commentary

structuretext

This passage continues the consular list with Hispanic Era dates (210–240), marking the start of each new decade. The pattern of paired consuls is consistent with the earlier sections.

datingtext

Hispanic Era 210 corresponds to AD 172, and Era 240 to AD 202, based on the standard conversion (subtract 38 years for the common era).

termtextCommodo III et Byrro [Sive Burrho]

The variant 'Byrrhus' or 'Burrhus' likely reflects manuscript confusion over the name of the consul of AD 181, usually given as 'Burrus'.

cautiontextSevero II [Male n] et Victorino

The annotation 'Male n' (incorrectly) in the Latin suggests a scribal or editorial correction, indicating that the consular pair Severus II and Victorinus is considered erroneous by the source.

backgroundtext

Many of these consular names correspond to known Roman consuls of the late 2nd century, e.g., Commodus (emperor) and Pertinax (brief emperor in AD 193). The list provides a chronological framework for the Hispanic Era.

receptiontext

This consular list, attributed to Hydatius, was used in medieval chronicles to synchronize Roman and Hispanic dating systems, influencing later Iberian historiography.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 2

The exact identity of some consuls (e.g., Byrrhus/Burrhus) is uncertain due to variant spellings.
The annotation 'Male n' for Severus II and Victorinus indicates a known error, but the correct pair is not specified.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:25 · narrativehigh

Source

Apro et Maximo. Antonino III et Geta III. Pompeiano et Avito. Faustino et Rufino. I Gentiano et Basso. (Ær. Hisp. 250) Duobus 'april. Antonino iv et Balbino. Messala et Sabino. Laeto et Cereale. Sabino et Anulino.. Praesente et Extricato. Antonino et Advento. His conss. instrumenta debitorum fisco in foro Romano arserunt per dies XXX. Antonino II et Sa. cerdote. Antonino III et Comazonte. Grato et Selcuco. Hi (Ær. Hisp. 260.) Antonino iv et Alexandro. Maximo II et Æliano. Fabiano et Crispino. Fusciano et Dextro. Alexandro II et Marcello. Albino et Maximo. Modesto et Probo. Alexandro III et Dione. Agricola et Clemente [AI. Clementino]. Pompeiano et Peligniano. (Ær. Hisp. 270.) Lupo et Maximo. Maximo et Paterno. Maximo II et Urbano. Severo et Quintiano. Maximo III et Africano. Perpetuo et Corneliano. Pio et Pontiano.

English

Apro and Maximus. Antoninus III and Geta III. Pompeianus and Avitus. Faustinus and Rufinus. I Gentianus and Bassus. (Hispanic Era 250) The two Aprils. Antoninus IV and Balbinus. Messala and Sabinus. Laetus and Cerealis. Sabinus and Anulinus. Praesens and Extricatus. Antoninus and Adventus. In their consulship, the debt instruments of the treasury were burned in the Roman Forum for thirty days. Antoninus II and Sacerdos. Antoninus III and Comazon. Gratus and Seleucus. (Hispanic Era 260) Antoninus IV and Alexander. Maximus II and Aelianus. Fabianus and Crispinus. Fuscianus and Dexter. Alexander II and Marcellus. Albinus and Maximus. Modestus and Probus. Alexander III and Dio. Agricola and Clemens [or Clementinus]. Pompeianus and Pelignianus. (Hispanic Era 270) Lupus and Maximus. Maximus and Paternus. Maximus II and Urbanus. Severus and Quintianus. Maximus III and Africanus. Perpetuus and Cornelianus. Pius and Pontianus.

Commentary

structuretextDuobus 'april

The entry 'Duobus april' (two Aprils) is a consular formula meaning two consuls both named Aprilis, a rare occurrence that the chronicler notes by using the numeral.

backgroundtextHis conss. instrumenta debitorum fisco in foro Romano arserunt per dies XXX

This note records a historical event: under the consuls Antoninus and Adventus, debt instruments held by the treasury were publicly burned in the Roman Forum for thirty days, likely a debt relief measure.

datingtextÆr. Hisp. 250

The Hispanic Era dates (Ær. Hisp. 250, 260, 270) correspond to 212, 222, and 232 CE, respectively, by subtracting 38 from the era year.

termtextI Gentiano et Basso

The 'I' before 'Gentiano' is a numeral (I = 1), indicating that this is the first consulship of Gentianus, a standard abbreviation in consular lists.

cautiontextAntonino II et Sa. cerdote

The reading 'Sa. cerdote' is likely a scribal error or abbreviation for 'Sacerdote' (Sacerdos), as the English draft corrects it; the Latin text shows a line break or dot after 'Sa'.

transmissiontextClemente [AI. Clementino]

The variant 'Clementino' in brackets indicates a textual alternative found in some manuscripts, reflecting uncertainty in the transmission of the consul's name.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 1

The identity of 'Duobus april' is uncertain: it may refer to two consuls both named Aprilis, or the text may be corrupt. The reading 'Apro et Maximo' at the start of the passage may be a continuation from the previous passage, but the break is unclear.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:26 · narrativehigh

Source

Gordiano et Aviola. Albino [AI. Sabino II] et Venusto. Gordiano II et Pompeiano. (Ær. Hisp. 280.) Attico et Prætextato. Arriano et Papo. Peregrino et Æmiliano. Philippo et Titiano. Praesente et Albino. Philippo II et Philippo. Omissi Philippus III et Philippus II. Æmiliano et Aquilino. Decio II et Grato. Decio III et Decio Caesare. His conss. persecutio Christianorum. (Ær. Hisp. 290.) Gallo II et Volusiano. Yolusiano II et Maximo. Valeriano II et Gallieno. Yaleriano III et Gallieno II. Maximo et Glabrione. Valeriano iv et Gallieno III. Tusco et Basso. His conss. passus est Cyprianus die Ivm kal. Octobris. Æmiliano et Basso. Saeculare et Donato. Gallieno iv et Yolusiano. Hic conss. hostes multi irruerunt in Romania. (Ær. Hisp, 300.) Gallieno v et Faustiniano. Albino et Dextro. Gallieno VI et Saturnino. Yaleriano v et Lucillo.

English

Gordian and Aviola. Albinus [AI. Sabinus II] and Venustus. Gordian II and Pompeianus. (Hispanic Era 280.) Atticus and Praetextatus. Arrianus and Papus. Peregrinus and Aemilianus. Philip and Titianus. Praesens and Albinus. Philip II and Philip. Omitted: Philip III and Philip II. Aemilianus and Aquilinus. Decius II and Gratus. Decius III and Decius Caesar. Under these consuls, the persecution of Christians. (Hispanic Era 290.) Gallus II and Volusianus. Volusianus II and Maximus. Valerian II and Gallienus. Valerian III and Gallienus II. Maximus and Glabrio. Valerian IV and Gallienus III. Tuscus and Bassus. Under these consuls, Cyprian suffered on the 4th day before the Kalends of October. Aemilianus and Bassus. Saecularis and Donatus. Gallienus IV and Volusianus. Under these consuls, many enemies invaded Romania. (Hispanic Era 300.) Gallienus V and Faustinianus. Albinus and Dexter. Gallienus VI and Saturninus. Valerian V and Lucillus.

Commentary

datingtextÆr. Hisp. 280

The Hispanic Era dates (280, 290, 300) correspond to AD 318, 328, and 338, anchoring the consular list in a chronological framework used in Iberian chronicles.

backgroundtextHis conss. persecutio Christianorum

The note under Decius III and Decius Caesar refers to the Decian persecution (AD 250–251), a state-sponsored persecution of Christians under Emperor Decius.

backgroundtextpassus est Cyprianus die Ivm kal. Octobris

Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, was martyred on 14 September AD 258 under Valerian; the date given (4th day before Kalends of October) is 28 September, a discrepancy possibly due to calendar confusion.

receptiontextOmissi Philippus III et Philippus II

The explicit note that consuls Philip III and Philip II are omitted suggests the chronicler was aware of gaps or variant lists, a common feature in late antique consularia.

cautiontextAlbino [AI. Sabino II]

The bracketed variant 'Sabinus II' indicates textual uncertainty; the manuscript tradition may have conflated two different consular pairs, requiring collation with other witnesses.

structuretextHis conss.

The repeated formula 'His conss.' (under these consuls) marks historical annotations within the consular list, a structural feature of the chronicle genre that intersperses events with names.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 1

The identity of 'Gordian and Aviola' is uncertain; multiple Gordians held consulships in the 3rd century. The variant 'Sabinus II' for Albinus may reflect scribal error or a different consular list. The date of Cyprian's martyrdom differs from the standard 14 September, possibly due to calendar shift or textual corruption.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:27 · narrativehigh

Source

Gallieno VII et Sabillino. His conss. captus Valerianus in Persida. Paterno et Arcesilao. Paterno II et Mariniano. Claudio et Paterno. His conss. victi Gothi a Claudio. a Antiochiano et Orfito. His conss. levatus Aurelianus imperator. Aureliano et Basso. His conss. muri Urbis cœpti fleri. ( Ær. Hisp. 310. ) Quieto et Valdamiano [At. YoldumianoJ. Tacito et Placidiano. Aureliano II et Capitolino. Aureliano III et Marcellino. His conss. occisus est Aurelianus imper. Cænofrurio, et levatus est post dies [Numerus dierum deest in ms.] Tacitus Romae. Tacito II et Æmiliano. Probo et Paulino. His conss. occisus est Tacitus Tyana. Probo II et Lupo. Probo III et Paterno. Messala et Grato. Probo iv et Tibcriano. (Ær. Hisp. 320.) Probo v et Victorino. Caro et Carino. His conss. occisus est Probus Sirmio. Caro II et Numeriano. His conss. magna fames fuit.

English

Gallienus VII and Sabillinus. In these consulships, Valerian was captured in Persia. Paternus and Arcesilaus. Paternus II and Marinianus. Claudius and Paternus. In these consulships, the Goths were defeated by Claudius. Antiochianus and Orfitus. In these consulships, Aurelian was raised as emperor. Aurelian and Bassus. In these consulships, the walls of the City began to be built. (Hispanic Era 310.) Quietus and Voldumianus. Tacitus and Placidianus. Aurelian II and Capitolinus. Aurelian III and Marcellinus. In these consulships, the emperor Aurelian was killed at Caenophrurium, and after [number of days missing in the manuscript] days, Tacitus was raised at Rome. Tacitus II and Aemilianus. Probus and Paulinus. In these consulships, Tacitus was killed at Tyana. Probus II and Lupus. Probus III and Paternus. Messalla and Gratus. Probus IV and Tiberianus. (Hispanic Era 320.) Probus V and Victorinus. Carus and Carinus. In these consulships, Probus was killed at Sirmium. Carus II and Numerian. In these consulships, there was a great famine.

Commentary

datingtextGallieno VII et Sabillino

The consular year Gallienus VII and Sabillinus corresponds to AD 265. The capture of Valerian in Persia is here placed under these consuls, though historical consensus dates the event to AD 260.

backgroundtextmuri Urbis cœpti fleri

The phrase 'muri Urbis cœpti fleri' refers to the construction of the Aurelian Walls in Rome, initiated under Emperor Aurelian (r. AD 270–275). The consular year Aurelian and Bassus is AD 271.

transmissiontextNumerus dierum deest in ms.

The manuscript omits the number of days between Aurelian's death and Tacitus's elevation, as noted in the Latin. This lacuna is indicated by the bracketed note in the source edition.

termtextCænofrurio

Caenophrurium (or Cenofrurium) is a location in Thrace where Emperor Aurelian was assassinated in AD 275. The spelling varies in manuscripts.

datingtextÆr. Hisp. 310

The Hispanic Era dates (Ær. Hisp.) are used in this chronicle. Era 310 corresponds to AD 272, and Era 320 to AD 282, providing a relative chronological framework.

backgroundtextmagna fames fuit

The great famine recorded under Carus II and Numerian (AD 283) is a historical event, though not widely attested in other sources. It may reflect local or regional conditions.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 3

The consular name 'Sabillino' may be a variant of 'Sabillinus' or 'Sabinus'; the manuscript tradition is unclear.
The name 'Voldumianus' (variant 'Yoldumianus') is uncertain; it may be a corruption of 'Voldumianus' or 'Voldomianus'.
The exact number of days missing in the manuscript for the interregnum after Aurelian's death is unknown.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:28 · narrativehigh

Source

Diocletiano II et Aristobulo. His conss. occisus est Carinus Margo, qui ipso anno cum Aristobulo consul processerat. Maximo II et Aquilino. His conss. levatus est Maximianus impera tor senior die kal. April. Diocletiano III et Maximiano. Maximiano II et Anuarino. Basso et Quintiano. Diocletiano iv et Maximiano III. Tiberiano et Dione. His conss. tenebrae fuerunt inter diem; et eo anno levati sunt Constantius et Maximianus Caesares, die kal. Mart. (Ær. Hisp. 330.) Annibaliano et Asclepiodoto. Diocleliano v et Maximiano iv. Constantino et Maximiano. His conss. castra facta in Sarmatia contra Acinco et Donomia. Tusco et Anulino. His conss. Carporum gens universa in Romania se tradidit. Diocletiano VI et Constantio II. Maximiano v et Maximiano II. His consa. victi Persæ. Fausto II et Gallo. Diocletiano VII et Maximiano v. His conss. victi Marcomanni.

English

Diocletian II and Aristobulus. In these consulships, Carinus was killed at the Margus River, he who in that same year had proceeded as consul with Aristobulus. Maximus II and Aquilinus. In these consulships, Maximianus was raised as senior emperor on the Kalends of April. Diocletian III and Maximian I. Maximian II and Anuarinus. Bassus and Quintianus. Diocletian IV and Maximian III. Tiberianus and Dio. In these consulships, there were darknesses during the day; and in that year Constantius and Maximianus were raised as Caesars, on the Kalends of March. (Hispanic Era 330.) Hannibalianus and Asclepiodotus. Diocletian V and Maximian IV. Constantius and Maximianus. In these consulships, a camp was made in Sarmatia opposite Acincum and Donomia. Tuscus and Anulinus. In these consulships, the entire nation of the Carpi surrendered themselves in Romania. Diocletian VI and Constantius II. Maximian V and Maximian II. In these consulships, the Persians were defeated. Faustus II and Gallus. Diocletian VII and Maximian V. In these consulships, the Marcomanni were defeated.

Commentary

datingtextHis conss. occisus est Carinus Margo

The death of Carinus at the Margus River is dated to 285 CE, when Diocletian and Aristobulus were consuls. This marks the end of the reign of Carinus and the consolidation of Diocletian's power.

backgroundtextlevatus est Maximianus impera tor senior die kal. April.

Maximian was elevated as senior emperor (Augustus) on the Kalends of April (1 April) in 286 CE, according to the consular year of Maximus II and Aquilinus. This reflects Diocletian's establishment of the Tetrarchy.

backgroundtexttenebrae fuerunt inter diem

The 'darknesses during the day' likely refer to a solar eclipse, possibly that of 17 July 290 CE, recorded in other sources. This natural phenomenon is noted as a portent in the chronicle tradition.

datingtextlevati sunt Constantius et Maximianus Caesares, die kal. Mart.

Constantius I (Chlorus) and Maximian (Galerius) were raised as Caesars on the Kalends of March (1 March) in 293 CE, a key event in the Tetrarchic system, under the consulship of Tiberianus and Dio.

backgroundtextcastra facta in Sarmatia contra Acinco et Donomia

The construction of a camp in Sarmatia opposite Acincum and Donomia (modern sites on the Danube) reflects Roman military campaigns against the Sarmatians in the early 4th century, under Constantius and Maximian as consuls (c. 305 CE).

backgroundtextCarporum gens universa in Romania se tradidit

The surrender of the entire Carpi people in Romania (the Roman province of Dacia or adjacent territory) is recorded under the consulship of Tuscus and Anulinus (c. 295 CE), indicating a major Roman victory over this Dacian tribe.

Open questions · 1

The consular names 'Anuarinus' and 'Anulinus' may be variant spellings or corruptions; the exact identification is uncertain. The 'Hispanic Era 330' is inserted parenthetically, possibly a scribal addition, and its relation to the surrounding consular years is unclear.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:29 · narrativemedium

Source

Constantio III et Maximiano III. Titiano II et Nepotiano. ( Ær. Hisp. 340.) Constantio IV et Maximiano iv. His conss. vilitatem jusserunt imperator. esse. Diocletiano VIII et Maximiano VII. His conss. persecutio Christianorum. Diocletian IX et Maximiano VIII. Ilis conss. deposuerunt purpuram privati effecti Diocletianus et Maximianus, et vestierunt Severum et Maximianum. Nam Constantins et Maximianus, qui Caesares fuerunt, eadem hora Augusti nuncupati sunt die kal. April. Constantio v et Maximiano VI. Omissi Constantius VI et Maximianus VI. Hi ss. diem functus Constantius, et postea levatus est Constantinus VIII kal. Aug. Novies et Constantino. His conss. quod est post sextum consulatum, occisus Severus Romae. Item Decies et Maximiano VII. His conss. quod est Maxentio et Romulo, levatus Licinius Carnunlo III id. Nov. Post conss. et VII. His conss. quod est Maxentio u et Romulo II.

English

Constantius III and Maximian III. Titianus II and Nepotianus. (Spanish Era 340.) Constantius IV and Maximian IV. In these consulships, they ordered a cheapness of goods to be made by the emperor. Diocletian VIII and Maximian VII. In these consulships, the persecution of the Christians. Diocletian IX and Maximian VIII. In these consulships, Diocletian and Maximian laid down the purple, having become private citizens, and they clothed Severus and Maximian. For Constantius and Maximian, who had been Caesars, were proclaimed Augusti at the same hour on the day before the Kalends of April. Constantius V and Maximian VI. Omitted: Constantius VI and Maximian VI. In these consulships, Constantius died, and afterwards Constantine was raised up on the eighth day before the Kalends of August. Nine times and Constantine. In these consulships, which is after the sixth consulship, Severus was killed at Rome. Likewise, Ten times and Maximian VII. In these consulships, which is under Maxentius and Romulus, Licinius was raised up at Carnuntum on the third day before the Ides of November. After the consulship and VII. In these consulships, which is under Maxentius II and Romulus II.

Commentary

datingtextConstantio III et Maximiano III

The consular year Constantius III and Maximian III corresponds to 306 CE, a period of imperial transition after the abdication of Diocletian and Maximian.

backgroundtextHis conss. vilitatem jusserunt imperator. esse.

The phrase 'vilitatem jusserunt imperator. esse.' likely refers to an edict by Constantius and Maximian ordering price controls or a reduction in the cost of goods, echoing Diocletian's earlier price edict.

backgroundtextHis conss. persecutio Christianorum.

The persecution of Christians under Diocletian and Maximian began in 303 CE with the 'Great Persecution', which lasted until 311 CE and is a key event in early Christian history.

datingtextDiocletian IX et Maximiano VIII

The abdication of Diocletian and Maximian occurred on 1 May 305 CE, when they became private citizens and were succeeded by Severus and Maximian as Augusti, with Constantius and Maximian as Caesars.

cautiontextOmissi Constantius VI et Maximianus VI

The term 'Omissi' indicates that the consulship of Constantius VI and Maximian VI was omitted from the list, possibly due to a scribal error or a break in the consular record.

backgroundtextlevatus Licinius Carnunlo III id. Nov.

Licinius was proclaimed Augustus at Carnuntum on 11 November 308 CE, during the Conference of Carnuntum, which aimed to resolve the Tetrarchic succession crisis.

Open questions · 3

The phrase 'vilitatem jusserunt imperator. esse.' is ambiguous: it may mean 'they ordered cheapness to be made by the emperor' or 'they ordered the emperor to be cheap', but the former is more plausible as a reference to price controls.
The entry 'Novies et Constantino' is unclear: it likely refers to the ninth consulship of an emperor (possibly Diocletian or Maximian) and Constantine, but the exact identification is uncertain.
The abbreviation 'Hi ss.' in 'Hi ss. diem functus Constantius' is ambiguous; it likely stands for 'His conss.' (in these consulships), but the text is corrupt.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:30 · narrativemedium

Source

Anno II post conss. et VII. His conss. quod est Maxentio tu solo, diem functus Maximianus senior. Maximiano VIII consule. His conss. quod est Rufino et Volusiano, diem functus Maximianus junior. (Ær. Hisp. 350.) Constantino II et Licinio II. His conss. quod est Maxentio iv solo, victus et occisus Maxentius Romæ ad Pontem Mulvium. Constantino III et Licinio III. Volusiano II et Anniano. His conss. bellum Cibalense fuit die VIII idus Octobr. Constantino IV et Licinio iv. Sabino et Rufino. His conss. diem functus Diocletianus Sola die IIInon. Decemb. Gallicano et Basso. His conss. levaii tres Caesares, Crispus, Licinius et Constantinus die kal. Mart. Licinio v et Crispo Cæsare. His conss. tenebræ fucrunt inter diem hora IX. Constantino v et Licinio Caesare. Constantino VI et Constantino Caesare. Crispo II et Constantino II.

English

In the second year after the consulships and the seventh. In these consulships, which is Maxentius alone for the fourth time, Maximianus the elder died. In the consulship of Maximianus for the eighth time. In these consulships, which is Rufinus and Volusianus, Maximianus the younger died. (Spanish Era 350.) Constantine II and Licinius II. In these consulships, which is Maxentius alone for the fourth time, Maxentius was conquered and killed at Rome at the Milvian Bridge. Constantine III and Licinius III. Volusianus II and Annianus. In these consulships, the Cibalense war occurred on the eighth day before the Ides of October. Constantine IV and Licinius IV. Sabinus and Rufinus. In these consulships, Diocletian died on the third day before the Nones of December. Gallicanus and Bassus. In these consulships, three Caesars were raised, Crispus, Licinius, and Constantine, on the Kalends of March. Licinius V and Crispus Caesar. In these consulships, there was darkness in the daytime at the ninth hour. Constantine V and Licinius Caesar. Constantine VI and Constantine Caesar. Crispus II and Constantine II.

Commentary

sensetextAnno II post conss. et VII

The phrase 'Anno II post conss. et VII' is obscure; it likely means the second year after the consulships and the seventh (consulship), but the syntax is compressed.

backgroundbackgroundMaximianus senior

Maximianus senior is the emperor Maximian (Herculius), who abdicated in 305 and died in 310, possibly by suicide or execution.

backgroundbackgroundbellum Cibalense

The Cibalense war refers to the battle of Cibalae (316/317) between Constantine I and Licinius, fought on 8 October (VIII idus Octobr.).

backgroundbackgroundtenebræ fucrunt inter diem hora IX

The 'darkness in the daytime at the ninth hour' likely refers to a solar eclipse; historical eclipses in this period include one on 6 August 316.

datingtextÆr. Hisp. 350

The Spanish Era 350 corresponds to AD 312, the year of the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, consistent with the death of Maxentius.

cautiontextlevaii tres Caesares

The word 'levaii' is a scribal error for 'levati' (raised); the text lists Crispus, Licinius (the younger), and Constantine (the younger) as Caesars, but the historical record is complex.

Open questions · 1

The phrase 'Anno II post conss. et VII' is syntactically unclear; it may be a corruption or abbreviation. The identity of 'Maximianus junior' is ambiguous—possibly Galerius or another junior emperor. The 'tenebræ' event is not precisely dated.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:31 · narrativehigh

Source

(Ær. Hisp. 560.) Probiano et Juliano. Severo et Rufino. Crispo III et Constantino III. His conss. bellum Hadrianopolitanum die v non. Julias, et bellum Chalcedonense xiv kal. Octob., et levatus est Constantinus Caesar VI idus Novemb. Paulino et Juliano. His conss. occisus Licinius. Constantino VII et Constantino Caesare. His conss. occisus est Crispus, et edidit vicennalia Constantinus Augustus Romm. Constantino et Maximo. Januarino et Justo. Constantino VIII et Constantino IV. Gallicano et Symmacho. His conss. dedicata est Constantinopolis dis v idus Maias. Basso et Ablabio. (Ær. Hisp. 370.) Pacatiano et Hilariano. His conss. victi Gothi ab exercitu Romano in terris Sarmatarum die xii kal. Maii. Dalmatio et Zenophilo. His conss. levatus est Constans die VIII kal. Januar. Optato et Paulino. His conss. Sarmatæ servi universa gens dominos suos in Romaniam expulerunt.

English

(Ær. Hisp. 560.) In the consulship of Probianus and Julianus. In the consulship of Severus and Rufinus. In the consulship of Crispus for the third time and Constantine for the third time. In these consulships, the battle of Hadrianopolis occurred on the fifth day before the Nones of July, and the battle of Chalcedon on the fourteenth day before the Kalends of October, and Constantine was raised as Caesar on the sixth day before the Ides of November. In the consulship of Paulinus and Julianus. In these consulships, Licinius was killed. In the consulship of Constantine for the seventh time and Constantine Caesar. In these consulships, Crispus was killed, and Constantine Augustus published his vicennalia at Rome. In the consulship of Constantine and Maximus. In the consulship of Januarinus and Justus. In the consulship of Constantine for the eighth time and Constantine for the fourth time. In the consulship of Gallicanus and Symmachus. In these consulships, Constantinople was dedicated on the fifth day before the Ides of May. In the consulship of Bassus and Ablabius. (Ær. Hisp. 370.) In the consulship of Pacatianus and Hilarianus. In these consulships, the Goths were defeated by the Roman army in the lands of the Sarmatians on the twelfth day before the Kalends of May. In the consulship of Dalmatius and Zenophilus. In these consulships, Constans was raised on the eighth day before the Kalends of January. In the consulship of Optatus and Paulinus. In these consulships, the Sarmatian slaves drove out the entire nation of their masters into Romania.

Commentary

datingtextÆr. Hisp. 560

The Spanish Era year 560 corresponds to AD 322, but the consuls listed (Probianus and Julianus) are for AD 322, consistent with the era's offset of 38 years from the Christian era.

backgroundtextbellum Hadrianopolitanum

The Battle of Hadrianopolis (AD 324) was a conflict between Constantine I and Licinius, resulting in Constantine's victory. The date given (5th day before the Nones of July) is July 3.

backgroundtextbellum Chalcedonense

The Battle of Chalcedon (AD 324) was a naval engagement where Constantine's fleet defeated Licinius, leading to Licinius's surrender. The date (14th day before the Kalends of October) is September 18.

datingtextlevatus est Constantinus Caesar VI idus Novemb.

Constantine II was raised to Caesar on November 8 (6th day before the Ides of November) in AD 324, after the defeat of Licinius.

backgroundtextdedicata est Constantinopolis

Constantinople was formally dedicated on May 11 (5th day before the Ides of May) in AD 330, under the consulship of Gallicanus and Symmachus.

backgroundtextvicti Gothi ab exercitu Romano in terris Sarmatarum

The Gothic defeat by the Roman army in Sarmatian lands (AD 332) is recorded under the consulship of Pacatianus and Hilarianus, reflecting campaigns along the Danube frontier.

Open questions · 2

The Spanish Era year 560 is given without a corresponding Christian year; the consular dates align with AD 322, but the era's starting point (38 BC) is assumed.
The phrase 'Sarmatæ servi universa gens dominos suos in Romaniam expulerunt' is ambiguous: it may refer to a slave revolt or a migration of Sarmatian peoples into Roman territory.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:32 · narrativemedium

Source

Constantino [AI. Constantio] et Albino, His conss. tricennalia edidit Constantinus Aug. die VIII kal. Aug., et levatus est Dalmatius Cæsar xiv kal. Octob. Nepotiano et Facundo. Feliciano et Titiano. His eonss. Constantinus Aug. ad cœlestia regna ablatus est die II kal. Juniss, et ipso anno nuncupati sunt tres Augusti, Constantinus, et Constantius, et Constans v idus Septemb. Urso et Polemio. Constantio II, et Constante. Acyndino et Proculo. His conss. occisus est Constantius At. Constantinus] junior. Marcellino et Probino. His conss. pugna facta est cum gente Francorum a Constante Aug. in Galliis, et ipso anno terræmotus fuit ad Orientem per totum annum praeter Antiochiam. (Ær. Hisp. 580.) Constantio III et Constante u. His conss. victi Franci a Constante Aug. seu pacati: tractus Hermogenes. Placido et Romulo. Leontio et Sallustio.

English

Constantino [some manuscripts: Constantio] and Albino. In these consulships, Constantine Augustus published the Tricennalia on the eighth day before the Kalends of August, and Dalmatius was raised as Caesar on the fourteenth day before the Kalends of October. Nepotiano and Facundo. Feliciano and Titiano. In these consulships, Constantine Augustus was taken away to the celestial realms on the second day before the Kalends of June, and in that same year three Augusti were proclaimed, Constantine, Constantius, and Constans, on the fifth day before the Ides of September. Urso and Polemio. Constantio II and Constante. Acyndino and Proculo. In these consulships, Constantius [some manuscripts: Constantinus] the younger was killed. Marcellino and Probino. In these consulships, a battle was fought with the people of the Franks by Constans Augustus in Gaul, and in that same year there was an earthquake in the East throughout the whole year except at Antioch. (Ær. Hisp. 580.) Constantio III and Constante II. In these consulships, the Franks were defeated or pacified by Constans Augustus: the Hermogenes affair. Placido and Romulo. Leontio and Sallustio.

Commentary

sensetextConstantino [AI. Constantio] et Albino

The consular pair for this entry is uncertain: the manuscript tradition varies between Constantinus and Constantius as the first consul.

datingtexttricennalia edidit Constantinus Aug. die VIII kal. Aug.

The Tricennalia, celebrating thirty years of rule, was published on 25 July 335, according to this date.

datingtextlevatus est Dalmatius Cæsar xiv kal. Octob.

Dalmatius was raised to the rank of Caesar on 18 September 335.

datingtextConstantinus Aug. ad cœlestia regna ablatus est die II kal. Juniss

Constantine Augustus died on 31 May 337, according to this entry.

datingtextnuncupati sunt tres Augusti, Constantinus, et Constantius, et Constans v idus Septemb.

Three Augusti were proclaimed on 9 September 337: Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans.

cautiontextoccisus est Constantius At. Constantinus] junior

The text is corrupt: it likely refers to the death of Constantine II, but the manuscript reads 'Constantius' with a correction to 'Constantinus'.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 3

The consular name 'Constantino' is ambiguous between Constantinus and Constantius; the manuscript variant is noted.
The phrase 'occisus est Constantius At. Constantinus] junior' is textually corrupt; the intended victim is probably Constantine II, but the reading is uncertain.
The entry 'tractus Hermogenes' is obscure and may refer to an event or a person; its meaning is not clarified in the passage.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:33 · narrativehigh

Source

Amentio et Albino. Constantino iv et Constante ut. Rufino et Eusebio. Philippo et Salia. His conss. bellum Persicum fuit nocturnum. Limenio et Catullino. Sergio et Nigriniano. His conss. Constans occisus est in Galliis a Magnentio, et levatus est Magnentius dis XV kal. Febr., et Vetranio apud Sirmium kal. Martiis eo anno, et Nepotianus Romæ III non. Junias, et pugna magna fuit cum Romanis et Magnantianis Post conss. Sergil et Nigriniani. His conss. bellum Magnentii fuit Morsa die IV kal. Octob., et eo anno depositus Vetranio VIII kal. Januar., et levatus est Constaniius Cæsar idus Martias [Chr. Alex. idibus Martiis]: et apparuit in Oriente signum Salvatorls die III kal. Febr. luna XXVIII. (Ær. Hisp. 390.) Constantio v et Constantio Cæs. Constantio VI et Constantio II. His conss. Magnentius se interfecit in Galliis apud Lugdunum die III id. Aug., et Decentius frater Magnentii laqueo se suspendit XV kal. Septemb.

English

Amentius and Albinus. Constantius IV and Constans II. Rufinus and Eusebius. Philippus and Salia. In these consulships, there was a night-time Persian war. Limenius and Catullinus. Sergius and Nigrinianus. In these consulships, Constans was killed in Gaul by Magnentius, and Magnentius was raised up on the fifteenth day before the Kalends of February, and Vetranio at Sirmium on the Kalends of March in that same year, and Nepotianus at Rome on the third day before the Nones of June, and there was a great battle between the Romans and the Magnentians. After the consulship of Sergius and Nigrinianus. In these consulships, there was the battle of Magnentius at Mursa on the fourth day before the Kalends of October, and in that year Vetranio was deposed on the eighth day before the Kalends of January, and Constantius Caesar was raised up on the Ides of March: and in the East the sign of the Savior appeared on the third day before the Kalends of February, on the twenty-eighth day of the moon. (Hispanic Era 390.) Constantius V and Constantius Caesar. Constantius VI and Constantius II. In these consulships, Magnentius killed himself in Gaul at Lugdunum on the third day before the Ides of August, and Decentius, the brother of Magnentius, hanged himself on the fifteenth day before the Kalends of September.

Commentary

sensetextHis conss. bellum Persicum fuit nocturnum

The phrase 'bellum Persicum fuit nocturnum' likely refers to a night battle or campaign against the Persians, possibly the nocturnal engagement at Singara in 344.

datingtextHis conss. Constans occisus est in Galliis a Magnentio

The death of Constans and the rise of Magnentius, Vetranio, and Nepotianus are dated to 350, with precise Roman calendar dates given.

backgroundtextapparuit in Oriente signum Salvatoris die III kal. Febr. luna XXVIII

The 'sign of the Savior' is a celestial phenomenon, often interpreted as a cross or chi-rho apparition, reported in 351 during Constantius II's reign.

termtextHis conss. bellum Magnentii fuit Morsa

'Morsa' is a variant spelling of Mursa (modern Osijek, Croatia), site of the 351 battle between Constantius II and Magnentius.

structuretextPost conss. Sergil et Nigriniani

The entry 'Post conss.' marks a consular year after the named pair, a common annalistic formula in this chronicle.

cautiontextConstantio v et Constantio Cæs.

The consular names 'Constantio v et Constantio Cæs.' may be corrupt; the fifth consulship of Constantius II and the first of Constantius Gallus is intended, but the Latin is ambiguous.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 3

The identity of 'Amentius' (line 1) is uncertain; possibly a scribal error for 'Ammius' or 'Aemilius'.
The phrase 'bellum Persicum fuit nocturnum' may refer to a specific battle or a general campaign; the chronicle does not specify.
The 'signum Salvatoris' could be a natural phenomenon or a divine sign; the text does not clarify.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:34 · narrativehigh

Source

Constantio VII et Constantino III. His conss. occisus est Constantinus Cæsar in insula Flanona. Arbetione et Lolliano. His conss. levatas est Julianus Cæsar die VIII idus Novembres. Constantio VIII et Juliano Cæs. His conss. introierunt Constantinopolim reliquiæ apostoli Timothei die kat. Jun. Constantio IX et Juliano C;rs. II. His conss. introierunt Constantinopolim reliquiæ sanctorum apostolorum Andreae et Lucas, die v non. Mart., et introivit Constantius Aug. Romæ VI kal. Maias, et edidit XXXV. Datiano et Cereale. His conss. introierunt Constantinopolim tegaii Porsarum die VIII kal. Mart. Ipso anno terræmotus factus, ita ut civilas Nicomedensium funditus versaretur die ix kal. Septemb.; aliæ vero CL civitales partibus vexatæ sunt. Eusebio et Hypatio. His conss. natus est Gratianus filius Angusti Valentiniani die xiv kal. Maias: et ipso anno primum processit Constantinopolim praefectus Urbis, nomine Honoratus, die III idus Decemh.

English

Constantius VII and Constantine III. In these consulships, Constantinus Caesar was killed on the island of Flanona. Arbetio and Lollianus. In these consulships, Julianus Caesar was raised up on the 8th day before the Ides of November. Constantius VIII and Julianus Caesar. In these consulships, the relics of the apostle Timotheus entered Constantinople on the day before the Kalends of June. Constantius IX and Julianus Caesar II. In these consulships, the relics of the holy apostles Andreas and Lucas entered Constantinople on the 5th day before the Nones of March, and Constantius Augustus entered Rome on the 6th day before the Kalends of May, and he issued 35. Datianus and Cerealis. In these consulships, the tegaii of the Persians entered Constantinople on the 8th day before the Kalends of March. In that same year, an earthquake occurred, so that the city of the Nicomedians was utterly overturned on the 9th day before the Kalends of September; but 150 other cities were troubled in parts. Eusebius and Hypatius. In these consulships, Gratianus, son of Augustus Valentinianus, was born on the 14th day before the Kalends of May: and in that same year, the Prefect of the City, by name Honoratus, first proceeded to Constantinople on the 3rd day before the Ides of December.

Commentary

sensebackgroundConstantino III

The consul Constantinus III is likely the Caesar Constantius Gallus, half-brother of Emperor Constantius II, who was executed in 354 on the island of Flanona (modern Cres, Croatia).

termbackgroundlevatas est

The verb 'levatas est' (raised up) is a technical term for the proclamation of a Caesar, as Julian was elevated by Constantius II in 355.

backgroundbackgroundreliquiæ apostoli Timothei

The translation of the relics of Timothy to Constantinople in 356 is a well-known event, marking the city's growing status as a Christian center.

backgroundbackgroundreliquiæ sanctorum apostolorum Andreae et Lucas

The relics of Andrew and Luke were brought to Constantinople in 357, further enhancing the city's apostolic prestige.

termbackgroundtegaii Porsarum

The word 'tegaii' is obscure; it may be a corruption of 'thecae' (reliquaries) or 'tegulae' (tiles), but here likely refers to Persian relics or trophies brought to Constantinople.

backgroundbackgroundterræmotus factus

The earthquake of 358 that destroyed Nicomedia is historically attested; Ammianus Marcellinus records it as devastating the city on August 24.

Open questions · 2

The identity of 'Constantinus Caesar' is ambiguous: it could be Constantius Gallus or another Caesar; the reading taken is Constantius Gallus.
The word 'tegaii' is uncertain; the reading taken is 'relics' or 'trophies' based on context.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:35 · narrativehigh

Source

Constantino et Juliano III. His conss. dedicatum est Constantinopoli Dominicum die xv kal. Martias. Tauro et Florentio. His conss. diem functus Constantius Aug. Mopsucrenas in fines Ciliciæ Phœniciæ provinciæ III non. Novemb., etintroivit Julianus Aug. Constantinopolim die III idus Decembres. (Ær. Hisp. 400.) Mamertino et Nevitta. Juliano Aug IV et Sallustio. His conis. occisus est Julianus Aug. in bello Persico die VI kal. Julius; et quia apostata a Deo factus est, Christianorum etiam persecutor, occisus est, et levatus est Christianissimus Jovianus Aug. v kalend. Julias. Joviano Aug. et Varro His conss. recessit Jovianus Aug. Dadastena die II kal. Mart. et levatus est Valentinianus Aug. apud Nicæam die v kal. Mari. Ipso anno levatus est Valens Aug. Constantinopolim, in milliario VII, In tribunali a fratre suo Valentiniano die IV kal. April.

English

Constantinus and Julianus III. In these consulships, the Lord’s church was dedicated at Constantinople on the 15th day before the Kalends of March. Taurus and Florentius. In these consulships, Constantius Augustus died at Mopsucrenae in the territory of the province of Cilicia Phoenicia on the 3rd day before the Nones of November, and Julianus Augustus entered Constantinople on the 3rd day before the Ides of December. (Year of the Spanish Era 400.) Mamertinus and Nevitta. Julianus Augustus IV and Sallustius. In these consulships, Julianus Augustus was killed in the Persian war on the 6th day before the Kalends of July; and because he became an apostate from God, also a persecutor of Christians, he was killed, and the most Christian Jovianus Augustus was raised up on the 5th day before the Kalends of July. Jovianus Augustus and Varro. In these consulships, Jovianus Augustus departed at Dadastana on the 2nd day before the Kalends of March, and Valentinianus Augustus was raised up at Nicaea on the 5th day before the Kalends of March. In the same year, Valens Augustus was raised up at Constantinople, at the seventh milestone, on the tribunal by his brother Valentinianus on the 4th day before the Kalends of April.

Commentary

datingtextConstantino et Juliano III

The consular year Constantinus and Julianus III corresponds to AD 354. The dedication of the Lord’s church at Constantinople on 15 February is a known Constantinian foundation.

backgroundtextTauro et Florentio

Taurus and Florentius were consuls in AD 361. Constantius II died at Mopsucrenae in Cilicia on 3 November 361; Julian entered Constantinople on 11 December 361, marking the end of Constantius’ sole rule.

termtextDominicum

Dominicum here means ‘the Lord’s church’ (a place of Christian worship), not a private house. The term is common in late Latin ecclesiastical usage.

receptiontextapostata a Deo factus est

The description of Julian as apostate and persecutor reflects the orthodox Christian historiography of the 5th century, notably in works by Orosius and Jerome.

datingtextJoviano Aug. et Varro

Jovian and Varro were consuls in AD 364. Jovian died at Dadastana on 17 February 364; Valentinian was proclaimed at Nicaea on 25 February, and Valens on 29 March at Constantinople.

structuretext(Ær. Hisp. 400.)

The parenthetical note ‘Year of the Spanish Era 400’ corresponds to AD 362. This era, used in Iberian chronicles, counts from 38 BC. Its insertion here is a scribal or source marker.

Open questions · 2

The phrase 'His conss.' is a standard abbreviation for 'His consulibus' ('In these consulships'), but the exact consular year for Mamertinus and Nevitta is ambiguous without the Spanish Era note; the note resolves it to AD 362.
The location 'Mopsucrenas' is a variant spelling of Mopsucrenae; the text's 'Ciliciæ Phœniciæ provinciæ' reflects the late Roman province Cilicia Phoenicia.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:36 · narrativehigh

Source

Valentiniano et Valente Augg. His conss. mare ultra terminos suos erret. sum est die III kalend. Aug., et ipso anno latro nocturnus hostisque publicus iam urbem Constantinopolim apparuit die IV kal. Octob. Gratiano Nob. et Dagalaifo. His conss. natus est Valentinianus Junior filius Augusti Valentis die xv kalend. Febr., et ipso anno idem hostis publious et prædo intra Phrygiam Salutarem, et In Nacoliensium campos ab A campos ab Augusto valente oppressus atque exstinctus est die VI kal. Junias. Ipso anno Augustus Valentinianus gentem Alamannieam pervicit. Lupicino et Jovino. His conss. in civitate Constantinopoli, Deus grandinem pluit in modum petrarum die IV nonas Julias; el ipso anno levatus est Gratianus Aug. in Galliis apud Ambianos in tribunali a patre suo Augusto Valentiniano die IX kal. Sept. Valentiniano II et Valente II. His conss. terræmotus factus ita ut civitas Nicænorum terræ funditus prosterneretur die v idus Octobr.

English

Valentinian and Valens Augusti. In these consulships, the sea exceeded its boundaries. It was on the 3rd day before the Kalends of August, and in that same year a nocturnal brigand and public enemy appeared at the city of Constantinople on the 4th day before the Kalends of October. Gratian Nobilissimus and Dagalaifus. In these consulships, Valentinian the Younger, son of the Augustus Valens, was born on the 15th day before the Kalends of February, and in that same year that same public enemy and plunderer was crushed and destroyed within Phrygia Salutaris and in the fields of Nacolia by the Augustus Valens on the 6th day before the Kalends of June. In that same year, the Augustus Valentinian thoroughly conquered the Alamannic people. Lupicinus and Iovinus. In these consulships, in the city of Constantinople, God rained hail in the manner of stones on the 4th day before the Nones of July; and in that same year Gratian was raised up as Augustus in the Gallic provinces at Ambiani on a tribunal by his father, the Augustus Valentinian, on the 9th day before the Kalends of September. Valentinian II and Valens II. In these consulships, an earthquake occurred such that the city of the Nicaeans was utterly leveled to the ground on the 5th day before the Ides of October.

Commentary

sensetextmare ultra terminos suos erret

The phrase 'the sea exceeded its boundaries' likely refers to a tsunami or storm surge, a natural portent often recorded in chronicles as a sign of divine displeasure.

termtextlatro nocturnus hostisque publicus

'Nocturnal brigand and public enemy' is a rhetorical description of a usurper or rebel, possibly Procopius, who threatened Constantinople in 365.

backgroundtextValentiniano et Valente Augg.

Valentinian I and Valens became Augusti in 364, dividing the empire; Valens ruled the East, where these events occurred.

datingtextHis conss.

The consular years given correspond to 365 (Valentinian and Valens), 366 (Gratian and Dagalaifus), 367 (Lupicinus and Iovinus), and 368 (Valentinian II and Valens II).

structuretextIpso anno

The repeated phrase 'in that same year' links multiple events under a single consulship, a typical annalistic structure in this chronicle.

cautiontexthostis publious et prædo

The Latin text has a scribal error: 'publious' for 'publicus'; the English draft corrects to 'public enemy and plunderer'.

Open questions · 2

The identity of the 'nocturnal brigand and public enemy' is not explicitly named; it is likely Procopius, but the text does not confirm.
The phrase 'Deus grandinem pluit' could be interpreted as a divine act or a natural phenomenon; the chronicler's intent is ambiguous.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:37 · narrativemedium

Source

Valentiniano Nob. et Victore. His conss. opus magnificum cisternæ Constantinopolitanæ completum est a Domitio Modesto v. c. iterum præfecto urbis, quod in prima inchoaverat præfectura. Agon post anno, XVII restitutus est ali Augusto Valente. Valentiniano III et Valente III. His conss. magna fames fuii in partibus Phrygiæ: et dedicata est sancta ecclesia ubi beati apostoli positi sunt, die v idus April. Gratiano Aug. II et Proho. (Ær. Hisp. 410.) Modesto et Arintheo. Valentiniano IV et Valente IV. Gratiano III et Æquitio. Post conss. Gratiani III et Æquitii. His conss. thermæ Carosianx dedicatæ tum agente præfecto v. c. Vindalonio Magno.Et ipso anno diem functus Yalentinianus senior xv kal. Decemb. in castello Virgitione: et levatus est Valentinianus junior Aug. filius Aug. Valentiniani ab exercitu in tribunali die kal.Decemb. in civitate Acinco.

English

Valentinian the Noble and Victor. In these consulships, the magnificent work of the Constantinopolitan cistern was completed by Domitius Modestus, a man of clarissimus rank, again prefect of the city, which he had begun in his first prefecture. The contest after a year, the seventeenth, was restored by the other Augustus, Valens. Valentinian III and Valens III. In these consulships, a great famine occurred in parts of Phrygia; and the holy church where the blessed apostles are placed was dedicated on the 5th day before the Ides of April. Gratian Augustus II and Probus. (Spanish Era 410.) Modestus and Arinthaeus. Valentinian IV and Valens IV. Gratian III and Aequitius. After the consulship of Gratian III and Aequitius. In these consulships, the Carosian baths were dedicated, with Vindalonius Magnus, a man of clarissimus rank, acting as prefect. And in that same year, Valentinian the Elder died on the 15th day before the Kalends of December in the fort of Virgition; and Valentinian the Younger, Augustus, son of the Augustus Valentinian, was raised up by the army on the tribunal on the day of the Kalends of December in the city of Acincum.

Commentary

sensetextHis conss. opus magnificum cisternæ Constantinopolitanæ completum est a Domitio Modesto v. c. iterum præfecto urbis

The cistern referred to is likely the Basilica Cistern (Yerebatan Sarayı) in Constantinople, built under Valens. Domitius Modestus was a known prefect of Constantinople in the 370s.

datingtextValentiniano Nob. et Victore

The consular year Valentinian Nobilissimus and Victor corresponds to AD 369. This passage follows the sequence of consular lists typical of the Descriptio Consulum.

datingtextValentiniano III et Valente III

The consular year Valentinian III and Valens III is AD 370. The famine in Phrygia and the dedication of a church are events associated with this year.

datingtextGratiano Aug. II et Proho

The consular year Gratian Augustus II and Probus is AD 371. The entry is brief, typical of the chronicle's style.

datingtextValentiniano IV et Valente IV

The consular year Valentinian IV and Valens IV is AD 373. The sequence continues the pattern of repeated consulships.

datingtextPost conss. Gratiani III et Æquitii

The consular year after Gratian III and Aequitius is AD 374. The death of Valentinian the Elder and elevation of Valentinian the Younger occurred in this year.

Open questions · 3

The phrase 'Agon post anno, XVII restitutus est ali Augusto Valente' is unclear; 'agon' may refer to a contest or games, and 'XVII' could be a year number or a numeral for the 17th occurrence.
The reading 'thermæ Carosianx' is uncertain; it may be a corruption of 'thermæ Carosianae' or a place name.
The Spanish Era 410 is given parenthetically; its relation to the consular year is ambiguous.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:38 · narrativehigh

Source

Valente Aug. v et Valentiniano juniore Augusto. His conss. victi et expulsi sunt Gothi a gente Hunorum, et suscepti sunt in Romania pro misericordia jussione Aug. Valentis. Et ipso anno introivit corpus Augusti Valentiniani Con. Stantinopolim, die v kal. Jan. Gratiano iv et Merobaude. His conssigens Gothorum qui promisericordit suscepti sunt, rebellaverunt adversus Romanos: ad quos expugnandos missi sunt comites cum militibus, et pugnaverunt cum Gothis. S78 Valente VI et Valentiniano II. His conss. ingressus est Valens Aug. ab oriente Constantinopolim die III kal. Jun. Et ipso anno profectus est Valens Aug. ex urbe ad fossatum die III idus Junias: et pugna magna fuit cum Romanis et Gothis a milliaro XII ab Hadrianopoli, die v idus Augusti. Ex ea die Valens Augustus nusquam apparuit; et toto anno per dioecesim Thraciarum, et Scythiæ, et Mœsiæ, Gothi habitaverunt simul, et eas prædaverunt; deinde usque ad portas urbis Constantinopolitanæ venerunt.

English

Valens Augustus for the fifth time and Valentinian the Younger Augustus. In these consulships, the Goths were defeated and expelled by the Hunnic people, and were received into Romania out of mercy by the order of Augustus Valens. And in that same year, the body of Augustus Valentinian entered Constantinople, on the fifth day before the Kalends of January. Gratian for the fourth time and Merobaudes. In these consulships, the Goths who had been received out of mercy rebelled against the Romans: to subdue them, counts were sent with soldiers, and they fought with the Goths. Valens for the sixth time and Valentinian for the second time. In these consulships, Valens Augustus entered Constantinople from the East on the third day before the Kalends of June. And in that same year, Valens Augustus set out from the city to the camp on the third day before the Ides of June: and a great battle was fought between the Romans and the Goths twelve miles from Hadrianople, on the fifth day before the Ides of August. From that day, Valens Augustus was seen nowhere; and for the whole year, throughout the diocese of Thrace, and Scythia, and Moesia, the Goths dwelt together and plundered them; then they came as far as the gates of the city of Constantinople.

Commentary

datingtextValente Aug. v et Valentiniano juniore Augusto

The consular year corresponds to 376 CE. Valens’ fifth consulship and Valentinian II’s first (here called junior) are attested in the consular fasti.

backgroundtextvicti et expulsi sunt Gothi a gente Hunorum

This entry records the Hunnic pressure that forced the Goths to seek refuge in the Roman Empire, a pivotal event leading to the Gothic War (376–382).

datingtextGratiano iv et Merobaude

The consular year is 377 CE. Gratian’s fourth consulship and Merobaudes’ first are standard in the fasti.

backgroundtextrebellaverunt adversus Romanos

The Gothic rebellion of 377 began after mistreatment by Roman officials; the counts sent likely include Frigeridus and Richomeres.

datingtextValente VI et Valentiniano II

The consular year is 378 CE. Valens’ sixth consulship and Valentinian II’s second are standard.

backgroundtextpugna magna fuit ... ab Hadrianopoli

The Battle of Adrianople (9 August 378) was a catastrophic Roman defeat; Valens’ disappearance and death are noted here.

Open questions · 2

The phrase 'pro misericordia jussione' is ambiguous: it may mean 'by a merciful order' or 'by an order of mercy'.
The fate of Valens is left uncertain: 'nusquam apparuit' avoids stating his death directly.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:39 · narrativehigh

Source

Ausonio et Olybrio. His conss. levatus est Theodosius Aug. ab Augusto Gratiano die XIV kal. Februar. in civitate Sirmio. Ipso anno multa bella Romani cum Golbis commiserunt. Deinde victoriæ nuntiatæ sunt adversus Gothos, Alanos atque Hunos die xv kal. Decemb. [Ad oram codicis nostri ms. hæc habentur ascripta, quæ Sirmondus omnit: His consulibus Theophilus Alexandrias episcopus subjectum Laterculum infra de Paschæ observatione conscribit.] Gratiano Aug. v et Theodosio Aug. His conss. victoriæ nuntiat sunt amborum Augustorum. Et ipso anno ingressus est Theodosius A.... Constantinopolim die XVIII kal. Decemb. Syagrio et Eucberio. His conss. ingressus est Athanaricus rex Gothorum Constantinopolim die III idus Jan. Eodem mense diem functus idem Athanaricus VIII kal. Febr. (Ær. Hisp. 420.) Antonio et Syagrio. Ulis conss. Theodosius Aug. corpus Augusti Valentiniani in sarcophago deposuit die ix kal. Mart. Ipso anno universa gens Gothorum cum rege suo in Romaniam se tradiderunt die V non. Octob.

English

Ausonius and Olybius. In these consulships, Theodosius Augustus was raised up by Augustus Gratian on the 14th day before the Kalends of February in the city of Sirmium. In that same year, the Romans waged many wars with the Goths. Then victories were announced against the Goths, Alans, and Huns on the 15th day before the Kalends of December. [In the margin of our manuscript these are written, which Sirmondus omits: In these consulships, Theophilus, bishop of Alexandria, writes the appended list below concerning the observance of Easter.] Gratian Augustus for the fifth time and Theodosius Augustus. In these consulships, victories of both Augusti were announced. And in that same year, Theodosius Augustus entered Constantinople on the 18th day before the Kalends of December. Syagrius and Eucherius. In these consulships, Athanaric, king of the Goths, entered Constantinople on the 3rd day before the Ides of January. In the same month, that same Athanaric died on the 8th day before the Kalends of February. (Hispanic Era 420.) Antonius and Syagrius. In these consulships, Theodosius Augustus placed the body of Augustus Valentinian in a sarcophagus on the 9th day before the Kalends of March. In that same year, the entire nation of the Goths with their king surrendered themselves to Romania on the 5th day before the Nones of October.

Commentary

datingtextAusonio et Olybrio

The consulship of Ausonius and Olybius corresponds to 379 CE. The entry for Theodosius' elevation (14th day before the Kalends of February = 19 January) is a key date for his accession as co-Augustus.

backgroundtextHis conss. levatus est Theodosius Aug. ab Augusto Gratiano

Theodosius I was proclaimed Augustus by Gratian at Sirmium in 379, a pivotal moment in the late Roman Empire, as Theodosius would later reunite the empire and establish orthodox Christianity.

transmissiontext[Ad oram codicis nostri ms. hæc habentur ascripta, quæ Sirmondus omnit]

The bracketed note indicates a marginal addition in the manuscript that was omitted by the earlier editor Sirmondus. This shows the text's transmission history and editorial choices.

receptiontextHis consulibus Theophilus Alexandrias episcopus subjectum Laterculum infra de Paschæ observatione conscribit

The marginal note refers to Theophilus of Alexandria, a prominent bishop, who wrote a paschal table. This links the consular list to the computistical tradition of Easter dating.

datingtext(Ær. Hisp. 420.)

The Hispanic Era 420 corresponds to 382 CE. This era, used in Iberian chronicles, subtracts 38 years from the AD date, so 420 = 382 CE.

backgroundtextuniversa gens Gothorum cum rege suo in Romaniam se tradiderunt

This entry records the surrender of the entire Gothic nation to Rome in 382, a major event after the Gothic War, leading to their settlement as foederati within the empire.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 2

The phrase 'Golbis' in 'multa bella Romani cum Golbis commiserunt' is likely a scribal error for 'Gothis' (Goths), as the context concerns Gothic wars.
The marginal note's attribution to Theophilus of Alexandria is not certain; it may be a later addition by a scribe.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:40 · narrativehigh

Source

Merobaude et Saturnino. His consulibus levatus est Arcadius Aug. Constantinopoli, in milliario VII, in tribunali a Theedosio Aug. patre suo die XVII kal. Febr. Et ipso anno ingressum est Constantinopolim corpus Constantiæ filiæ Augusti Constantini die idus Septemb. Ricomere et Clearcho. His conss. introierunt Constantinopolim legati Persarum. Ipso anno natus est Honorius nob. in purpuris die v idus Septemb. Arcadio Aug. et Cautone. Honorio nob. et Evodio. His conss. victi atque expugnati, et in Romania captivi adducti gens Greothyngorum a nostris Theodosio et Arcadio: deinde cum victoria et triumpho ingressi sunt Constantinopolim die tv idus Octob. Valerio (Al. Valentiniano] III et Eutropio. His conss. Quinquennalia Arcadius Aug. propria cum Theodosio Aug. patre suo editionibus ludisque celebravit die decimo septimo kalend. Februar.

English

Merobaudes and Saturninus. In these consulships, Arcadius Augustus was raised up at Constantinople, in the seventh milestone, on a tribunal, by Theodosius Augustus his father, on the 17th day before the Kalends of February. And in that same year, the body of Constantia, daughter of Augustus Constantine, entered Constantinople on the Ides of September. Richomeres and Clearchus. In these consulships, ambassadors of the Persians entered Constantinople. In that same year, Honorius nobilissimus was born in the purple on the 5th day before the Ides of September. Arcadius Augustus and Cauto. Honorius nobilissimus and Evodius. In these consulships, the people of the Greuthungi were defeated and subdued, and led as captives into Romania by our men under Theodosius and Arcadius; then, with victory and triumph, they entered Constantinople on the 4th day before the Ides of October. Valerius (or Valentinian) III and Eutropius. In these consulships, Arcadius Augustus celebrated his quinquennalia together with Theodosius Augustus his father, with distributions and games, on the 17th day before the Kalends of February.

Commentary

datingtextMerobaude et Saturnino

The consuls Merobaudes and Saturninus date to 383 CE. This entry records the elevation of Arcadius as Augustus on 16 January 383.

backgroundtextcorpus Constantiæ filiæ Augusti Constantini

Constantia, daughter of Constantine I, died before 330 CE. The translation of her body to Constantinople in 383 reflects the city's growing role as an imperial mausoleum.

datingtextRicomere et Clearcho

The consuls Richomeres and Clearchus date to 384 CE. The Persian embassy and the birth of Honorius (9 September 384) are key events.

termtextnobilissimus

The title 'nobilissimus' (most noble) was used for junior emperors or imperial princes not yet raised to Augustus. Honorius is so styled before his elevation in 393.

backgroundtextgens Greothyngorum

The Greuthungi were a Gothic people, often identified with the Ostrogoths. Their defeat and captivity here (under consuls of 386 CE) reflects ongoing Roman-Gothic conflicts.

cautiontextValerio (Al. Valentiniano] III

The consular name is uncertain: the manuscript gives 'Valerio' but an alternate reading 'Valentiniano' is noted. This may reflect a scribal correction or variant tradition.

Open questions · 2

The consular year for 'Arcadio Aug. et Cautone' is unclear; Cauto is otherwise unattested and may be a corruption.
The phrase 'in milliario VII' (at the seventh milestone) is ambiguous: it may refer to a specific location outside Constantinople, but the exact site is unknown.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:41 · narrativehigh

Source

Theodosio Aug. II et Cynegio. His conss. defunctus est Cynegius præfectus Orientis in consulatu suo Constantinopoli. Hic universas provincias longi temporis tabe deceptas in statum pristinum revocavit, et usque ad Ægyptum penetravit, et simulacra gentium evertit. Unde cum magno neu totius populi civitatis deductum est corpus ejus ad Apostolos die xxv kal. April. Et post annum transtulit eum matrona ejus Achanlia ad Hispanias pedeslre. Et ipso anno occiditur hostis Dublicus Maxlmus B tyrannus a Theodosio Aug. in miniano III de Aquilcia die v kal. Aug. Sed et filius ejus Victor occidimur post paucos dies in Galliis a comite Theodosii Augusti. Timasio et Promoto. His conss. introivit Theodosius Aug. in urbem Romam cum Honorio filio suo die iduum Juniarum, et dedit congiarium Romanis. Valentiniano IV et Neuterio. Tatiano et Symmacho.

English

Theodosius Augustus for the second time and Cynegius. In these consulships, Cynegius, prefect of the East, died in his own consulship at Constantinople. He restored all the provinces, long deceived by decay, to their former state, and penetrated as far as Egypt, and overthrew the idols of the nations. Whence, with great lamentation of the whole populace of the city, his body was carried to the Apostles on the 25th day before the Kalends of April. And after a year, his wife Achanlia transferred him to Spain on foot. And in that same year, the enemy Dublicus Maximus, a tyrant, was killed by Theodosius Augustus at the third milestone from Aquileia on the 5th day before the Kalends of August. But also his son Victor was killed a few days later in Gaul by a count of Theodosius Augustus. Timasius and Promotus. In these consulships, Theodosius Augustus entered the city of Rome with his son Honorius on the Ides of June, and gave a largesse to the Romans. Valentinian for the fourth time and Neuterius. Tatianus and Symmachus.

Commentary

sensetextCynegius

Cynegius, praetorian prefect of the East under Theodosius I, is known for anti-pagan measures; the text notes his death in office and his wife's transfer of his body to Spain.

backgroundbackgroundMaximus tyrannus

Magnus Maximus, proclaimed emperor in Britain in 383, was defeated and executed by Theodosius I near Aquileia in 388; his son Victor was killed shortly after in Gaul.

datingtextdie xxv kal. April.

The date '25th day before the Kalends of April' corresponds to 8 March; the consular year is 384, when Theodosius II and Cynegius were consuls.

structuretextHis conss.

The formula 'His conss.' (His consulibus) marks each consular pair as a structural unit; here it introduces Cynegius's death and Maximus's defeat under the same consulship.

receptiontextpedeslre

The reading 'pedeslre' is likely corrupt; the intended sense may be 'pedestri' (on foot) or 'pedes ire' (to go on foot), describing the wife's journey to Spain with the body.

Open questions · 2

The phrase 'pedeslre' is unclear; it may be a scribal error for 'pedestri' or 'pedes ire'.
The name 'Dublicus Maximus' appears to be a corruption of 'Magnus Maximus'.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:42 · narrativehigh

Source

[Ær. Hisp. 430.] Arcadio Aug. II et Rufino. his conss. Valentinianus junior apud Viennam est interfectus, et levavit se Eugenius tyrannus. Postmodum Theodosius Aug. occidit Eugenium. Theodosio Aug. III et Arcadio Aug. III et Honorio Aug. II. Olybrio et Probino. His conss. recessit apud Mediolanum Theodosius Aug. Arcadio Aug. iv et Honorio Aug. m. Auico et Cæsario. Honorio Aug. IV et Eutychiano. His conss. Gildo occisus. Manilio et Theodoro v c. His conss. templa gentilium demolita sunt, Joviniano et Gaudentiocomitibus. Stilicone v. c. consule. Vincentio et Fravito. (Ær. Hisp. 440.) Arcadio v et Honorio v. His conss. solis facta defectio IIIid.Novemb. Theodosio et Rumorido. Honorio VI et Aristone. His conss. bellum civile fuit ex III kalend. Septembres. Stilicone II et Anthemio. His conss. inter catholicos et Donatistas unitas facta

English

[Ær. Hisp. 430.] Arcadius Augustus for the second time and Rufinus. In these consulships, the younger Valentinian was killed at Vienne, and Eugenius the tyrant raised himself up. Afterwards, Theodosius Augustus killed Eugenius. Theodosius Augustus for the third time and Arcadius Augustus for the third time and Honorius Augustus for the second time. Olybrius and Probinus. In these consulships, Theodosius Augustus departed at Milan. Arcadius Augustus for the fourth time and Honorius Augustus for the third time. Aurelianus and Caesarius. Honorius Augustus for the fourth time and Eutychianus. In these consulships, Gildo was killed. Manlius and Theodorus, men of clarissimus rank. In these consulships, the temples of the gentiles were demolished, with Jovinianus and Gaudentius as counts. Stilicho, man of clarissimus rank, consul. Vincentius and Fravitus. (Ær. Hisp. 440.) Arcadius for the fifth time and Honorius for the fifth time. In these consulships, a defect of the sun occurred on the third day before the Ides of November. Theodosius and Rumoridus. Honorius for the sixth time and Ariston. In these consulships, there was a civil war from the third day before the Kalends of September. Stilicho for the second time and Anthemius. In these consulships, unity was made between the Catholics and the Donatists.

Commentary

datingtextÆr. Hisp. 430.

The era notation 'Ær. Hisp. 430' corresponds to the Spanish Era, which is 38 years ahead of the AD system; thus this entry likely refers to AD 392.

backgroundtextValentinianus junior apud Viennam est interfectus

Valentinian II, the younger Valentinian, was found dead at Vienne in Gaul in AD 392, likely by suicide or murder, leading to the usurpation of Eugenius.

backgroundtextGildo occisus

Gildo was a Moorish rebel in Africa who was defeated and killed in AD 398 after a revolt against the Western Roman Empire.

backgroundtexttempla gentilium demolita sunt

The demolition of pagan temples reflects the increasing Christianization of the empire under Theodosius I, with laws against pagan worship enforced by officials like Jovinian and Gaudentius.

datingtextsolis facta defectio III id. Novemb.

A solar eclipse is recorded on 11 November (the third day before the Ides of November) in AD 404, a rare astronomical event noted in chronicles.

backgroundtextinter catholicos et Donatistas unitas facta

The unity between Catholics and Donatists refers to the Council of Carthage in AD 411, which condemned Donatism and sought to reintegrate Donatist churches into the Catholic communion.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 2

The Spanish Era year 430 is ambiguous without a fixed conversion; it is here taken as AD 392 based on standard reckoning.
The identity of 'Auico' (line 7) is uncertain; it may be a scribal error for 'Aurelianus' or another consul.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:43 · narrativehigh

Source

Arcadio VI et Probo. Honorio vn et Theodosio Aug. II. Basso et Philippo. Ilonorio VIII et Theodosio III. His conss. barbari Hispanias ingressi. Honorio IX cL Varari, quod fuit Tertullo. Theodosio A ug. IV. His conss. Constantini lyranni in conto caput allatum est XIV kal. Octob. Honorio ix et Theodosio v. Post consulalum Honorii IX et Theodosii v, Lucio cons. His conss. occisi sunt Jovianus, Sebastianus, Sallustius; et Heraclianus abolitus est. Constantio v. c. Honorio et Theodosio VI. His conss. S. Stephanus primus martyr revelatur sancto presbytero Luciano die VI, feria quae fuit tunc III non. Dec., in Hierosolymis sancto Joanne episcopo præsidente: et exstant ex his gestis epistolae supra dicti presbyteri et sancti Aviti presbyteri Bracarensis, qui tunc in Hierosolymis degebant. Theodosio vu et Palladio. Honorio xi et Constantino II.

English

Arcadius for the sixth time and Probus. Honorius for the seventh time and Theodosius Augustus for the second time. Bassus and Philippus. Honorius for the eighth time and Theodosius for the third time. In these consulships, the barbarians entered the Spains. Honorius for the ninth time and Vararus, which was for Tertullus. Theodosius Augustus for the fourth time. In these consulships, the head of the tyrant Constantine was brought to the court on the fourteenth day before the Kalends of October. Honorius for the ninth time and Theodosius for the fifth time. After the consulship of Honorius for the ninth time and Theodosius for the fifth time, Lucius consul. In these consulships, Jovianus, Sebastianus, and Sallustius were killed; and Heraclianus was abolished. Constantius, vir clarissimus. Honorius and Theodosius for the sixth time. In these consulships, Saint Stephen, the first martyr, was revealed to the holy presbyter Lucianus on the sixth day, which was then the third day before the Nones of December, in Jerusalem under the presidency of the holy bishop John; and there exist from these events the letters of the aforementioned presbyter and of the holy Avitus, presbyter of Braga, who were then living in Jerusalem. Theodosius for the seventh time and Palladius. Honorius for the eleventh time and Constantinus for the second time.

Commentary

datingtextArcadio VI et Probo

The consular year Arcadius VI and Probus corresponds to AD 406. This entry marks the first in a series of consular dates that structure the chronicle's narrative of the early fifth century.

backgroundtextbarbari Hispanias ingressi

The entry under Honorius VIII and Theodosius III (AD 409) records the barbarian invasion of Hispania, a pivotal event in the decline of Roman control in the West, involving Vandals, Alans, and Sueves.

receptiontextS. Stephanus primus martyr revelatur

The discovery of the relics of Saint Stephen in AD 415, recorded under Honorius and Theodosius VI, became a celebrated event in late antique Christianity, with the letters of Lucianus and Avitus circulating widely as hagiographical sources.

termtextv. c.

The abbreviation 'v. c.' stands for 'vir clarissimus', a Roman senatorial rank. Here it designates Constantius, likely the general Constantius III, as a high-ranking official.

cautiontextHonorio ix cL Varari, quod fuit Tertullo

The reading 'cL Varari' is uncertain; it may be a corruption of 'et Varano' (and Vararanes) or a scribal error. The phrase 'quod fuit Tertullo' suggests a correction or gloss, indicating the consular name is actually Tertullus.

structuretextPost consulalum Honorii IX et Theodosii v, Lucio cons.

The formula 'Post consulatum ... Lucio cons.' marks a consular year after the end of a regular consulship, a common chronicle device for dating events in periods of irregular consular appointments.

Open questions · 1

The reading 'cL Varari' is unclear; it may be a corruption of 'et Varano' or a miswritten name. The gloss 'quod fuit Tertullo' indicates the intended consul is Tertullus, but the original form is uncertain.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:44 · narrativehigh

Source

Honorio XII et Theodosio VIII. Monaxio et Plenta. His conss. sanctus Joannes Hierosolymorum episcopus qui supra, epistolam dirigit per Ecclesias orbis terrarum, quæ habetur de signis terroribusque divinitus perpetratis. Theodosio IX et Constantio III. Agricola et Eustathio. [Ær. Hisp. 460.] Honorio XIII et Theodosio x. Mariniano et Asclepiodoto. His conss. Honorius Aug. recessit Ravenna. (Hactenus Sirmondi editio; cætera ex codem na. codice). Castino et Victore. Theodosio XI et Valentiniano Cæs. Theod. XII ct Valentin. Aug. II. Pierio et Artabu. Felice et Tauro. Florentio et Dionysio. Theodosio XIII et Yalentin. III. Basso et Antiocho. (Ær. Hisp. 470.) Aetio et Valerio. Theodosio xiv et Maximo. Aspare et Ariovindo. Theodosio xv et Valentiniano iv. Isidoro et Senatore. Aetio et Segisvuldo. Theodosio xvi et Fausto.

English

Honorius for the twelfth time and Theodosius for the eighth time. Monaxius and Plinta. In these consulships, the holy John, bishop of Jerusalem, who is mentioned above, sends a letter throughout the churches of the world, which is held concerning the signs and terrors perpetrated by divine power. Theodosius for the ninth time and Constantius for the third time. Agricola and Eustathius. [Era of Spain 460.] Honorius for the thirteenth time and Theodosius for the tenth time. Marinianus and Asclepiodotus. In these consulships, the Augustus Honorius departed from Ravenna. (Thus far the edition of Sirmond; the rest from the same manuscript codex). Castinus and Victor. Theodosius for the eleventh time and Valentinian Caesar. Theodosius for the twelfth time and Valentinian Augustus for the second time. Pierius and Artabur. Felix and Taurus. Florentius and Dionysius. Theodosius for the thirteenth time and Valentinian for the third time. Bassus and Antiochus. (Era of Spain 470.) Aetius and Valerius. Theodosius for the fourteenth time and Maximus. Aspar and Ariovindus. Theodosius for the fifteenth time and Valentinian for the fourth time. Isidorus and Senator. Aetius and Segisvuldus. Theodosius for the sixteenth time and Faustus.

Commentary

datingtextHonorio XII et Theodosio VIII

The consular year Honorius XII and Theodosius VIII corresponds to AD 422. This dating system is typical of late antique chronicles.

backgroundbackgroundMonaxio et Plenta

Monaxius and Plinta were consuls in AD 419. Plinta was a Gothic general and consul in the Eastern Empire.

receptiontextsanctus Joannes Hierosolymorum episcopus

John II, bishop of Jerusalem (c. 387–417), is here credited with a letter on divine signs and terrors. The letter is not extant but is referenced in other chronicles.

transmissiontextHactenus Sirmondi editio; cætera ex eodem codice

This note marks the boundary of the Sirmond edition; the remainder is drawn from the same manuscript codex, indicating a composite textual tradition.

datingtextÆr. Hisp. 460

The Era of Spain 460 corresponds to AD 422. The Spanish era adds 38 years to the AD date, a system used in Iberian chronicles.

backgroundtextHonorius Aug. recessit Ravenna

Honorius’s departure from Ravenna likely refers to his flight to safety during barbarian incursions, a well-known event in the 420s.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 2

The identity of 'sanctus Joannes' is ambiguous: it could be John II of Jerusalem (d. 417) or John Chrysostom, but the context of Jerusalem favors John II.
The phrase 'quæ habetur de signis terroribusque divinitus perpetratis' may refer to a lost letter or a known work; its exact content is uncertain.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:45 · narrativehigh

Source

Theodosio xvn et Festo. Yalentiniano v et Anatolio. Cyro v. c. (Ær. Hisp. 480.) Dioscoro. (Omisit Eudoxium.) Maximo et Paterio. Theodosio XVIII et Albino. Valentiniano vi et Aetio III. (Hic confunduntur anni duo, quorum priore conss. fuere Valentinianus VI et Nonius; altero autem, Aetius III et Symmachus. Callepio et Ardabure. Postumiano et Zenone. Asturio et Protegene. Yalentiniano VII et Avieno. Adelpbio et Marciano. y (Ær. Hisp. 490.) Herculano et Parracio. Opilione. [Omisit Vincomalum.] Aetio IV et Studio. Yalentiniano VII et Anthemio. A vito Augusto cons.. Omissi Constantinus et Rufus. Recimere et [Patricio] qui de Oriente. (Hi per tinent ad annum 459.) Majoriano Aug. et Ariovindo (Hi ad annum 458.) Magno et Apollonio. Sevcriano et [Dagalaipho] qui de Oriente. His conss. Majorianus occiditur, et Severus efficitur imperater.

English

Theodosius for the seventeenth time and Festus. Valentinian for the fifth time and Anatolius. Cyrus, vir clarissimus. (Hispanic Era 480.) Dioscorus. (He omitted Eudoxius.) Maximus and Paterius. Theodosius for the eighteenth time and Albinus. Valentinian for the sixth time and Aëtius for the third time. (Here two years are confused, in the former of which the consuls were Valentinian for the sixth time and Nonius; in the latter, however, Aëtius for the third time and Symmachus.) Callepius and Ardabur. Postumianus and Zeno. Asturius and Protogenes. Valentinian for the seventh time and Avienus. Adelphius and Marcian. (Hispanic Era 490.) Herculanus and Parracius. Opilio. [He omitted Vincomalus.] Aëtius for the fourth time and Studius. Valentinian for the seventh time and Anthemius. Avitus Augustus, consul. Omitted: Constantinus and Rufus. Recimer and [Patricius] who from the East. (These belong to the year 459.) Majorian Augustus and Ariovindus. (These belong to the year 458.) Magnus and Apollonius. Severianus and [Dagalaiphus] who from the East. In these consulships, Majorian is killed, and Severus becomes emperor.

Commentary

datingtextTheodosio xvn et Festo

The consular year Theodosius XVII and Festus corresponds to AD 439. The Hispanic Era 480 given later in the passage aligns with AD 442, indicating a chronological shift.

cautiontextHic confunduntur anni duo

The Latin note acknowledges a confusion of two years: the consuls Valentinian VI and Nonius belong to one year, Aëtius III and Symmachus to another. This reflects a known error in the consular list.

termtextv. c.

The abbreviation 'v. c.' stands for 'vir clarissimus', a Roman honorific title for senators of high rank, used here for Cyrus.

transmissiontextOmisit Eudoxium

The parenthetical 'Omisit Eudoxium' indicates that the chronicler omitted the consul Eudoxius, likely due to a lacuna or error in the source manuscript.

backgroundtextMajoriano Aug. et Ariovindo

Majorian was Roman emperor from AD 457 to 461. His consulship with Ariovindus in AD 458 is noted here, though the passage later records his death under Severianus and Dagalaiphus (AD 461).

receptiontextHis conss. Majorianus occiditur, et Severus efficitur imperater

This note records Majorian's death and the accession of Severus (Libius Severus) in AD 461, a key event in the late Western Roman Empire, preserved in this consular list.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 1

The consular years are sometimes misaligned with the Hispanic Era dates, and the text explicitly notes confusion between two years. The identity of 'Patricius qui de Oriente' and 'Dagalaiphus qui de Oriente' is uncertain, as they may be Eastern consuls not fully attested in Western sources.

stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:46 · narrativemedium

Source

(Ær. Hisp. 500.) Severo et Leone Augustis. Basilio et Gadaipho. Dn. Olybrio [Al. et RusticoJ. Severus Augustus obiit. Anthemius Romæ imperator factus est. Adversum Wandalos gran. dia exercitus cum Marcellino duce dirigitur. Augusto Anthemio II consule.

English

(Hispanic Era 500.) Severus and Leo, Augusti. Basilius and Gadaiphus. Our Lord Olybrius [Al. and Rusticus]. Severus Augustus died. Anthemius was made emperor at Rome. A great army under the command of Marcellinus is sent against the Vandals. Augustus Anthemius, consul for the second time.

Commentary

datingtextÆr. Hisp. 500

The Hispanic Era 500 corresponds to AD 462. This era subtracts 38 years from the AD date, so 500 = AD 462.

termglossarySevero et Leone Augustis

Severus and Leo are named as Augusti. Severus (Libius Severus) was a Western Roman emperor (AD 461–465), while Leo I was the Eastern emperor. The consular formula here pairs them.

termtextBasilio et Gadaipho

The names Basilius and Gadaiphus are likely corrupt or variant spellings. Gadaiphus may be a misspelling of Gaiseric or another Vandal name; the text is uncertain.

backgroundbackgroundDn. Olybrio

Olybrius (Anicius Olybrius) was a Western Roman emperor briefly in AD 472. The title 'Dn.' (Dominus) is a standard honorific. The note 'Al. et Rustico' indicates an alternative reading: 'and Rusticus'.

structuretextSeverus Augustus obiit. Anthemius Romæ imperator factus est.

This passage shifts from a consular list to historical notices: the death of Severus and the accession of Anthemius. This is typical of the chronicle genre, where consular years are interspersed with events.

receptiontextAdversum Wandalos gran. dia exercitus cum Marcellino duce dirigitur.

The expedition against the Vandals under Marcellinus is recorded. Marcellinus was a Roman general who campaigned in North Africa. This note reflects the chronicle's interest in military affairs.

Notes · 1

lacunaThe source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated.

Open questions · 1

The name 'Gadaiphus' is obscure; it may be a corruption of a Vandal name or a scribal error. The alternative reading for Olybrius ('Al. et Rustico') suggests textual variation in the manuscript tradition.

Citation. Tergwame, “Descriptio Consulum Ex Quo Primum Ordinati Sunt [Codex Parisiensis]”, stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/stoa0154a.stoa002.opp-lat1#s1

Colophon. Source: ogl-pl · licence: Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0229 · generated 2026-11-15.

Descriptio Consulum Ex Quo Primum Ordinati Sunt [Codex Parisiensis]

Summary

Historical context

Annotation and terms

Pipeline notes

Term index