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Greek · Commentary ·

In Genesim de creatione

Eustathius Antiochiensis · khazarzar

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machine-draft · no human review 2 passages · 539 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Eustathius of Antioch's 'In Genesim de creatione' is a fragmentary hexaemeral commentary from the early fourth century, surviving only through catenae and the Sacra Parallela. It is among the earliest Antiochene commentaries on the Hexaemeron, predating Basil's work. The text interprets Genesis 2:19, emphasizing the adverb 'still' (ἔτι) to denote a distinct act of creation for land animals and birds. It also offers typological readings, identifying the tree of life with Christ and allegorizing the beasts in paradise as nations gathered in the Church. The work reflects early Christian exegesis linking Genesis to soteriology and ecclesiology.

Eustathius's commentary is significant as an early witness to Antiochene hexaemeral exegesis, predating Basil and offering a distinct interpretive approach. Its typological identification of the tree of life with Christ and allegorical reading of paradise's beasts as the Church anticipate later patristic themes. The work's fragmentary survival highlights the challenges of reconstructing early Christian literature and the importance of catenae for preserving lost texts.

Historical context

Eustathius served as bishop of Antioch from approximately 324 to 330 CE, a period of theological consolidation after the First Council of Nicaea (325). His commentary on the Hexaemeron was composed in Greek, likely in Antioch, a major center of Antiochene exegesis known for its literal and historical approach. The work is among the earliest Christian hexaemeral commentaries, preceding Basil of Caesarea's more famous 'Homilies on the Hexaemeron' (c. 370). It survives only in fragments, primarily through catenae (scriptural commentary chains) and John of Damascus's 'Sacra Parallela' (8th century), indicating its use in Byzantine florilegia. The text was not widely transmitted in the Latin West, limiting its influence. The present edition lacks a critical apparatus, requiring consultation of original catena manuscripts for variant readings.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

12 commentary units 2 scripture2 term2 background2 reception2 caution1 sense1 structure 0 derived notes 2 open questions 2 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • coverageNo English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed.
  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: commentary in ancient Greek; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 2 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: khazarzar — Migne PG text (public domain); khazarzar host and the digitising project state no licence for this layer

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
khazarzar-eustathius-antiochiensis-in-genesim-de-creatione:1 · narrativemedium
Source
85 Καὶ γὰρ ἐκ πολλῶν τρόπων ἔστι διαγνῶναι, φησὶν ὁ Πατὴρ, τούτων τῶν ζῴων καὶ πετεινῶν τὸ διάφορόν τε καὶ ἀνόμοιον· πρῶτον διὰ τοῦ εἰπεῖν καὶ ἔπλασε κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἔτι· οὐ γὰρ εὑρίσκομεν πλάσμα Θεοῦ εἶναι εἰ μὴ τὸν ἄνθρωπον· πάλιν καὶ διὰ τοῦ λέγειν τὸ ἔτι, δείκνυσιν ἡ γραφὴ ἔτερά τινα ἐνταῦθα ζῷα προφητεύεσθαι καὶ πετεινὰ παρὰ τὰ πρότερα οὔτε γὰρ γέγραπται τὰ πρῶτα πετεινὰ ἐκ γῆς γενόμενα, ἀλλ' ἐξ ὑδάτων· ταῦτα δὲ ἐκ γῆς ἐγένοντο, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐπλάσθησαν ἰδιοχείρως παρὰ Θεοῦ καὶ οὐ κατὰ πρόσταξιν. Ὡσαύτως καὶ διὰ τοῦ λέγειν πάντα τὰ πετεινὰ καὶ πάντα τὰ θηρία νῦν ὑπὸ Θεοῦ πλασθῆναι οὐ δίδωσι ἡμῖν χώραν τοῦ ὅλως εἰπεῖν ὅτι μὲν ἐγένοντο πρότερον, μέρος δὲ νῦν ὅθεν οὔτε περὶ σπερμοφάγου βρώσεως ἐν τούτοις τι διακελεύεται ὁ Θεός· τὰ γὰρ εἰς παράδεισον εἰσερχόμενα οὐ χόρτον ἐσθίει, ἀλλὰ πᾶν ξύλον ὡραῖον εἰς ὅρασιν καὶ καλὸν εἰς βρῶσιν καὶ πρό γε πάντων ἐκ τοῦ ξύλου τῆς ζωῆς Χριστοῦ τοῦ ζωοποιοῦντος καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ζῷα ἔστιν εἰπεῖν ὅτι ἔθνη εἰσὶ ταῦτα τὰ θηρία τὰ ἐν τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ ὑπὸ Θεοῦ συναχθέντα ἢ ὅτι ἱππὼν καὶ συβόσιον καὶ καμηλοστάσιον καὶ οἰοτρόφυον (...) σήμερον ὁ παράδεισος ὑπάρχει.
English
And indeed, the Father says, it is possible to discern from many ways the difference and dissimilarity of these animals and birds: first, through the statement, "And the Lord God still fashioned from the earth"; for we do not find any creation of God to be except man. Again, through the use of the word "still," the Scripture indicates that certain other animals and birds are here prophesied, distinct from the earlier ones; for the first birds are not recorded as having come from the earth, but from the waters; these, however, came from the earth, or rather were fashioned by the hand of God Himself and not by command. Likewise, through the statement that all the birds and all the beasts are now fashioned by God, He does not allow us any room to say that some were made earlier and a part now; hence, God does not command anything here concerning the eating of seeds; for the creatures entering paradise do not eat grass, but every tree that is beautiful to behold and good for food, and above all, from the tree of life, Christ, who gives life even to these animals. It is possible to say that these beasts are the nations gathered in the Church by God, or that a horse stable, a pigsty, a camel enclosure, and a sheepfold (...) today constitute paradise.
khazarzar-eustathius-antiochiensis-in-genesim-de-creatione:2 · narrativehigh
Source
86 Οὐχ οὕτως, ὦ φιλόσοφε, ἀλλ' ἢ τὸ εἰπεῖν τὸν Θεόν· ἀρχέτωσαν πάσης τῆς γῆς, καὶ τὸ· κατακυριευσάτωσαν αὐτῆς καὶ πάντων τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ, τοῦτο τὸ κύριόν ἐστι τοῦ ποιῆσαι τὸν ἄνθρωπο κατ' εἰκόνα Θεοῦ καὶ ἄρχειν αὐτὸν πάσης τῆς γῆς. Ἐπείπερ, ὡς ἄρχει ὁ Θεὸς ἁπάσης τῆς γῆς καὶ τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ πάντων, οὕτω καὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον δεύτερον ἄρχοντα πάσης τῆς γῆς καὶ τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ κατέστησε, τοῦτο εἶναι τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα Θεοῦ καὶ καθ' ὁμοίωσιν γενέσθαι τὸν ἄνθρωπόν φημι. Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεός· ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ' εἰκόνα ἡμετέραν καὶ καθ' ὁμοίωσιν. Ἀλλὰ πρὸς τίνα ἔφη· ζητήσωμεν, φιλόσοφε; ἐν τῷ γὰρ εἰπεῖν· καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεός· ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ' εἰκόνα ἡμετέραν καὶ καθ' ὁμοίωσιν, ζήτημα ἐνέβαλε νοῆσαι ἡμᾶς, πρὸς τίνα ἔλεγε τὸ ποιήσωμεν· εἰπὼν γὰρ· καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεός· ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον, ἐπήγαγε λέγων· καὶ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον, κατ' εἰκόνα Θεοῦ ἐποίησεν αὐτὸν, ἄρρεν καὶ θῆλυ ἐποίησε αὐτούς. Ἡ οὖν τοῦ ποιήσωμεν σημασία τὸ εἶναι πρόσωπον συνδημιουργὸν σημαίνει καὶ συνισοπροσήγορον εἰσάγει. Ὡς γὰρ Θεὸς ὁ Πατήρ ἐστιν ὁ εἰπών· ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον, οὕτω Θεός ἐστι καὶ πρὸς ὃν τὸ ποιήσωμεν εἴρηκε, μιᾶς οὔσης τῆς τῶν ἀμφοτέρων προσώπων θεότητος, τοῦ τε εἰπόντος· ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ' εἰκόνα ἡμετέραν καὶ καθ' ὁμοίωσιν, καὶ τοῦ ποιήσαντος τὸν ἄνθρωπον. Τὸ γὰρ ποιήσωμεν τὸ πανάγιον καὶ ἀπαράλλακτον τῆς τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ θεότητος παρίστησιν ἡ φωνή· ἡ γὰρ τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰκὼν ἁπλῆ καὶ ἀσύνθετός ἐστι, πῦρ οὖσα τῇ φύσει.
English
Not so, O philosopher, but rather the statement of God: "Let them rule over all the earth," and "Let them have dominion over it and over all things in it"—this is the principal meaning of making man according to the image of God and of his ruling over all the earth. Since, just as God rules over all the earth and over everything in it, so also He established man as a second ruler over all the earth and over everything in it; this, I say, is what it means for man to be made according to the image of God and according to the likeness. And God said: "Let us make man according to our image and according to our likeness." But to whom did He say this? Let us inquire, O philosopher. For in saying, "And God said, 'Let us make man according to our image and according to our likeness,'" He cast a question for us to consider: to whom was He saying "Let us make"? For having said, "And God said, 'Let us make man,'" He added, saying, "And God made man; He made him according to the image of God; He made them male and female." Therefore, the meaning of "Let us make" signifies the existence of a co-creator person and introduces a co-equal interlocutor. For just as God the Father is the one who said, "Let us make man," so also God is the one to whom He said "Let us make," the divinity of both persons being one—both of the one who said, "Let us make man according to our image and according to our likeness," and of the one who made man. For the phrase "Let us make" presents the most holy and unvarying divinity of the Father and Son; for the image of God is simple and uncompounded, being fire in nature.
Citation. Tergwame, “In Genesim de creatione”, khazarzar-eustathius-antiochiensis-in-genesim-de-creatione:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/khazarzar-eustathius-antiochiensis-in-genesim-de-creatione#s1
Colophon. Source: khazarzar · licence: Migne PG text (public domain); khazarzar host and the digitising project state no licence for this layer · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0017 · generated 2026-11-15.