Georgian · Hagiography ·
Anonymous · titus
Work dossier · summary and historical context
The Martyrium Theodori, Iuliani, Eubuli, Malcamonis, Mocimi et Salamanis is an anonymous Old Georgian hagiographic text that recounts the passion of six martyrs—Theodore, Julian, Eubulus, Malcamo, Mocimus, and Salama—during the Diocletianic persecution (c. 303–311). Preserved solely in a single manuscript from the Iviron Monastery on Mount Athos, the work lacks a known Greek or Syriac Vorlage. The narrative is set in Petra (Roman Arabia) and follows a standard composite passion structure. The text survives only in Georgian, with linguistic features dating it no earlier than the 10th century. The saints appear in later Georgian synaxaria, indicating liturgical use, but the Semitic names of Malcamo and Salama hint at a possible Syriac or Palestinian source tradition, though this remains unverified.
The Martyrium is significant as a rare witness to the reception of eastern martyr traditions in the Georgian Church, preserved only in Old Georgian. Its composite structure and Semitic names hint at lost Syriac or Palestinian sources, offering a window into cross-cultural hagiographic exchange. The text also illustrates how Georgian hagiography adapted late antique persecution narratives for liturgical use, as evidenced by its inclusion in later synaxaria.
The text commemorates six martyrs traditionally linked to the Diocletianic persecution (303–311 CE), the last and most severe state-sponsored persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. The narrative is set in Petra, a city in the Roman province of Arabia (modern Jordan), and features a local magistrate named Maximus enforcing imperial edicts. The sole witness is an Old Georgian manuscript from the Iviron Monastery (Mount Athos), copied no earlier than the 10th century based on linguistic evidence. The Georgian Church later incorporated these saints into its liturgical calendar, as seen in the 11th-century Mikael-Modrekili collection. The absence of a Greek or Syriac Vorlage and the Semitic names of two martyrs (Malcamo, Salama) suggest a possible eastern origin, but the transmission history remains obscure. The text was likely translated or composed within a Georgian monastic milieu, possibly on Mount Athos or in Palestine, where Georgian scribes were active.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
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