ት Tergwame Greek · Coptic · Ethiopic · Syriac · Armenian · Georgian · Latin

Syriac · Letters · 7th century CE (before 659)

Letter 40: To the Catholicos (VI)

Ishoʿyahb III of Adiabene · syriac

BothSourceEnglish
JSON Dossier
machine-draft · no human review 2 passages · 587 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Letter 40 of Ishoʿyahb III of Adiabene, addressed to an unnamed Catholicos (likely the recipient himself), is a Syriac epistle from the 7th-century Church of the East. It concerns ecclesiastical discipline, specifically the irregular ordination of two non-Catholic bishops and the appointment of an unqualified layman in the metropolitan province of Daylam (northern Iran). The letter survives in a single manuscript (DSC 617) with no known early translations or later citations in canonical collections. Its modern scholarly edition lacks critical apparatus, limiting assessment of textual integrity. The work reflects ongoing concerns about episcopal authority and clerical standards in the East Syriac tradition during the late Sasanian and early Islamic periods.

This letter offers a rare glimpse into the internal disciplinary challenges of the Church of the East during the 7th century, particularly the tension between metropolitan authority and local episcopal practices. It complements other letters of Ishoʿyahb III that address similar issues of clerical misconduct and ecclesiastical governance, contributing to our understanding of East Syriac ecclesiology and the church's adaptation to the early Islamic period.

Historical context

The letter dates to the tenure of Ishoʿyahb III as Catholicos of the Church of the East (649–659), a period of transition as the Sasanian Empire fell to Arab Muslim conquests (c. 651). The Church of the East, centered in Seleucia-Ctesiphon, maintained a network of metropolitan provinces across Mesopotamia, Iran, and Central Asia. The letter addresses a complaint from the metropolitan of Daylam, a region south of the Caspian Sea, about unauthorized ordinations by a bishop named Shamishuʿ and a certain Tarsi, and the elevation of an unqualified layman. This reflects ongoing struggles over episcopal jurisdiction and clerical standards, themes well-attested in Ishoʿyahb III's correspondence. The Syriac text survives in a single manuscript (DSC 617) with no known early translations; its limited reception suggests it was not widely circulated in later East Syriac canonical collections. The edition provides no apparatus criticus, leaving textual lacunae and scribal interventions unexamined.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

11 commentary units 3 term2 background2 structure2 caution2 reception 0 derived notes 5 open questions 2 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: letter in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 2 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-617:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ܡ܀ ܠܩܕܝܫ ܒܟܠ ܐܒܘܢ ܚܤܝܐ ܡܪܝ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܐ ܦܛܪܝܪܟܝܣ: ܒܪܟ ܝܫܘܥܝܗܒ ܒܡܪܢ ܫܠܡ܀ ܠܝ ܐܘ ܐܒܘܢ ܡܪܪܟܐ. ܢܤܝܢܐ ܕܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܩܲܕܡ ܓܕܫ܆ ܤܦܩܐܝܬ ܐܦܝܣܢܝ ܠܡܘܚܠܘ ܥܠ ܒܤܪܐ ܛܒܐ: ܒܟܠܗܝܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܠܬܫܡܫܬܐ ܕܩܪܝܬܢ ܒܢܡܘܤܐ ܕܚܘܒܐ ܪܘܚܝܐ ܡܨܒ̈ܬܢ. ܘܕܐܫܬܐܠ ܡ̣ܢ ܟܕܘ ܡ̣ܢ ܫܘܬܦܘܬܐ ܕܚܪ̈ܥܐ ܨ̇ܒܐ ܗܘ̇ܝܬ. ܒܪܡ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܕܐܒܗܘܬܟ ܥܡ ܦܝܤܐ ܕܡܝܩܪ̈ܐ ܐܠܨܘܢܝ܆ ܕܡܕܪܫ ܐܢܤܐ ܠܡܢܤܝ̈ܐ. ܤ̇ܒܪܝܢ ܗܘ̣ܝܬܘܢ ܓܝܪ ܐܝܟ ܕܐܦ ܪܕܡ ܠܡܤܒܪܘ܆ ܕܡܨܝܠ ܗܝ̣ ܠܡܫܬܚܠܦܘ ܡ̣ܢ ܥܝܕ̈ܐ ܒܝܫ̈ܐ ܠܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܨܒܝܢܐ ܡܫ̇ܠܛܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ. ܥܠ ܗܕܐ ܐܦ ܐܦܝܤܬܘܢ ܐܦ ܦܩܕܬܘܢ ܐܦ ܐܫܬܡ̇ܥܬ. ܠܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܨܠܚ ܤܒܪܐ ܕܓܘܐ ܒܡܝܬܪ̈ܬܐ ܕܙܕ̈ܩܢ. ܥܠ ܕܥܫܢܬ̤ ܠܐ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܘܬܐ ܕܥܝ̈ܕܐ ܒܝ̈ܫܐ܆ ܡ̣ܢ ܡܠܘܐܐ ܕܠܐ ܕܚܠܦܐ. ܢܤ̣ܝܘ ܓܝܪ ܠܒܤܝܡܘܬܐ ܕܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܢܝܚܐ܆ ܘܐܫܝܚܘ ܕܠܐ ܩܢ̣ܛܐ ܠܡܒܤܪܘ. ܘܐܠܨܐ ܗ̣ܝ ܡܟܝܠ ܒܗܝܢ ܟܕ ܒܗܝܢ ܠܡܦܠ ܠܐܢ̈ܫܝܢ: ܘܥܠܝܗܝܢ ܟܕ ܥܠܝܗܝܢ ܠܡܙܥܘ ܠܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ: ܘܒܤܝܢ ܟܕ ܒܗܝܢ ܠܡܚܫ ܠܒܤܝܡܘܬܟ. ܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܡܘܕܥ ܐܢܐ ܠܐܒܗܘܬܟ ܒܦܤܝ̈ܩܬܐ: ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܥܤܩܐ ܗ̣ܝ ܕܒܦܝܤ̈ܩܬܐ ܢܬܚܘ̈ܝܢ. ܐܬܘܥܕܘ ܓܝܪ ܒܙܒܢܐ ܗܢܐ ܬܪܝܢ ܐܦܤܩ̈ܦܐ ܠܐ ܩܢ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܫܡܝܫܘܥ ܘܢܪܤܝ܆ ܠܘܬ ܐܒܘܢ ܡܟܝܟܠ ܡܪܝ ܡܝܛܪܦܘܠܝܛܣ ܕܝܠܢ. ܘܟܕ ܦܪܥܝܢ ܠܗ ܚܘܒܬܐ ܕܤܝܡ ܐܝܕܐ ܠܐ ܩܢܘܢܝܐ ܗܘ̇ ܕܩܕܡ ܐܘܙܦ ܠܗܘܢ܆ ܐܫܬܘܬܦܘ ܠܗ ܐܝܟ ܕܨܒܐ. ܘܐܫܟܚܘ ܓܒܪܐ ܚܕ ܗܕܝܘܛܐ ܘܒܘܪܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܗ̣ܢܘܢ ܐܡ̇ܪܝܢ܆ ܗ̇ܘ ܕܠܐ ܝ̇ܕܥܝܢ ܗܘ̣ܘ ܡ̣ܢ ܐܝܢܐ ܐܬܪܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ. ܘܠܐ ܕܐܝܟܐ ܥ̇ܡܪ ܗܫܐ. ܘܐܦܠܐ ܕܡ̇ܢܘ ܫܡܗ. ܘܐܦܠܐ ܕܒܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܘܒܪ̈ܐ ܘܥܝ̈ܕܐ ܐܬܪܒܝ܆ ܘܠܐ ܕܡ̇ܢܘ ܦܘܠܚܢܗ ܘܐܘܡܢܘܬܗ ܒܥܠܡܐ. ܘܠܐ ܕܡ̣ܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܬܓܡ̈ܐ ܥܕ̈ܬܢܝܐ ܡܬܚܫܒ.
English
Letter 40: To the Holy Father, the pious Lord Catholicos Patriarch: from Bar ʿIshoʿyahb, in the Lord, greetings. To me, O my father, the bitterness. The help of Elijah that precedes the event, sufficiently I have been persuaded to be patient concerning the good news. In all that pertains to the service of the village, in the law of spiritual love, I was engaged. And I was asked, as it were, with the participation of the bishops, I was willing. However, the command of your fatherhood, together with the persuasion of the honored ones, compelled me, so that again I might heal the sick. For I was of the opinion, as also the order was to announce, that it is possible to change from the evil customs for those over whom authority is exercised. Concerning this, I both wrote and commanded and was obeyed. But the hope within did not succeed in the betterments of righteousness. For the matter of the unchangeability of evil customs, with the filling without fear. For they were pleased with the sweetness of gentle authority, and they were content without end to announce. And it is necessary now, in that which is, to fall into afflictions; and upon them, as they are, to trouble the afflictions; and to be pleased, as they are, to harm your sweetness. For this reason, I make known to your fatherhood in brief: that which is difficult in brief demonstrations. For at this time two bishops, not Catholic, Shamishuʿ and Tarsi, have been appointed to my father the humble Lord Metropolitan of Daylam. And when they paid him the debt of the laying on of hands, not Catholic, which had previously been taken from them, they associated with him as he wished. And they found one man, a layman and a boor, as they say, who did not know from which region he was, nor where he now dwells, nor what his name is, nor in what conduct and customs he was raised, nor what his work and profession in the world are, nor with what ecclesiastical ranks he is reckoned.
dsc-617:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ܘܠܐ ܕܐܢ ܟܠ ܟܠܗ ܡ̣ܢ ܥܕܬܐ ܕܟܝܬܐ ܕܐܪ̈ܬܕܘܟܤܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ. ܘܠܐ ܕܡ̣ܢ ܐܝܟܐ ܐ̇ܬܐ ܗܘ̣ܐ܆ ܘܠܐ ܕܠܐܝܟܐ ܐ̇ܙܠ ܗܘ̣ܐ. ܠܗܢܐ ܗܟܝܠ ܕܕܐܝܟ ܗܟܢܐ܆ ܝܗܒܘ ܠܗ ܫܡܐ ܕܬܦܤܩܦܘܬܐ ܘܫܡ̣ܪܘܗܝ ܠܪܘܚ ܐܦܘ̈ܗܝ. ܐܝܟ ܕܡܢܗܘܢ ܡ̇ܢ ܠܐܕܘܪܒܓܢ. ܠܝܟ ܕܡ̣ܢ ܫܪܪܐ ܕܝܢ ܠܐ ܐܢܫ ܝ̇ܕܥ. ܗܟܢܐ ܗܟܝܠ ܓ̣ܕܫ ܗܫܐ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܓ̣ܕܫ: ܠܬܘܪܨܐ ܕܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܡ̣ܢ ܩܕܝܡ ܒܝܫܐܝܬ ܓܕܫ. ܐܠܐ ܝ̇ܕܥ ܐܢܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܗ̇ܝܡܢܐ ܐܒܗܘܬܟ ܠܗܠܝܢ. ܘܫܦܝܪ ܥ̇ܒܕܐ ܟܕ ܠܐ ܡܤܝܡܢܐ. ܛܒ ܓܝܪ ܥܤܩܐ ܠܡܤܝܡܢܘ ܥܠ ܒܝܢ̈ܢܫܐ ܦܪ̈ܘܫܐ. ܤܒܝܘܬܐ ܘܠܐ ܒܘܝܢܐ ܕܤܘܥܪ̈ܢܐ ܕܐܝܟ ܗܠܝܢ. ܒܪܡ ܐܢ ܡܪܝܐ ܢܨܒܐ ܘܚ̣ܝܐ: ܘܢܫܬܘܐ ܐܟܚܕܐ ܠܦܓܥܐ ܕܐܒܗܘܬܟ: ܥܬܝܕ ܐܢܐ ܗܘ̣ ܠܡܘܕܥܘܬܟ ܠܥܢܝܗܘܢ ܟܠܗ̇ ܚܬܝܬܘܬܐ ܕܗܝܠܢ. ܡ̣ܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܠܚܕ̈ܕܐ ܟܬܒܢܢ܆ ܘܡ̣ܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܡ̣ܢ ܦܘܡ ܠܦܘܡ ܥܡ ܚܕ̈ܕܐ ܐܡ̣ܪܢܢ܆ ܡ̣ܢ ܩܕܡ ܙܒܢܐ ܘܒܗ ܒܙܒܢܐ ܘܒܬܪ ܙܒܢܐ. ܐܢ ܠܐ ܗܘ̣ܐ ܐܦ ܫܘܡܠܝܐ ܕܗܫܐ܆ ܩܕܡ ܠܚܦܝܛܘܬܐ ܕܝܠܝ ܒܥܝܕܐ ܕܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܓܕܫ. ܩܕܡ ܕܝܢ ܕܠܦܓܢܐ ܕܒܤܝܡܘܬܟ ܐܫܬܘܐ܆ ܨܠܐ ܥܠ ܡܚܝܠܘܬܝ ܕܐܫܟܚ ܪ̈ܚܡܐ ܩܕܡ ܡܪܢ܀ ܝܫܠܡܬ̤܀
English
And not that the whole of the pure Church of the Orthodox is he. And not that from somewhere he came, and not that to somewhere he went. For this reason, then, that like this, they gave him the name of "theophany" and preserved his face of spirit. As they do with the Adurbāgān. For you, that from the truth of mine, no one knows. Thus, then, it happened now, the Elijah that happened: to the order of Elijah that from before happened evilly. But I know that the faith of your fatherhood is not in these. And it does well, since it is not believed. For it is very difficult to believe concerning these particular evils. Old age and not the understanding of deeds like these. However, if the Lord wills and lives, and I am joined together with the encounter of your fatherhood, I am ready to make known to you the whole truth of this affair. From the Elijah that is written to one another, and from the Elijah that is spoken mouth to mouth with one another, from before the time and in the time and after the time. If not even the completion of now, before my diligence in the matter of the Elijah that happened. Before, then, that I am joined with the encounter of your goodness, pray for my weakness that I may find mercy before the Lord. Finished.
Citation. Tergwame, “Letter 40: To the Catholicos (VI)”, dsc-617:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-617#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0018 · generated 2026-11-15.