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Syriac · Letters · 7th century CE (before 659)

Letter 39: To the Catholicos (V)

Ishoʿyahb III of Adiabene · syriac

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machine-draft · no human review 3 passages · 784 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Letter 39 of Ishoʿyahb III of Adiabene, Catholicos of the Church of the East (649–659), is a Syriac epistle addressed to a Catholicos (likely the same office) during the early Islamic period. The letter discusses personal circumstances, including suspended travel and exile, and references the feast of the Lord (Easter). It is preserved in the manuscript tradition of Ishoʿyahb III's collected letters, copied for canonical and historical reference within the Church of the East. The text reflects ecclesiastical administration and theological concerns in the 7th-century Sasanian and early Islamic context.

This letter provides insight into the Church of the East's internal governance and theological discourse during the early Islamic period. It illustrates how ecclesiastical leaders maintained authority and community cohesion amid political change. The correspondence also preserves Syriac epistolary conventions and terminology, aiding study of early medieval Christian communication.

Historical context

Ishoʿyahb III served as Catholicos of the Church of the East from 649 to 659, a period following the Arab conquest of the Sasanian Empire. The Church of the East, centered in Mesopotamia, navigated life under early Islamic rule, maintaining its hierarchical structure and Syriac liturgical tradition. This letter is part of a corpus of correspondence with bishops and officials, addressing ecclesiastical discipline, theology, and community affairs. The manuscript tradition of Ishoʿyahb's letters was transmitted in Syriac within the Church of the East, likely in monasteries in northern Mesopotamia (e.g., Adiabene). The letter's reference to 'Kushiyan' suggests a location in Adiabene or nearby. The genre is epistolary, combining personal narrative with administrative and theological content.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

17 commentary units 3 term3 background3 structure2 scripture2 caution1 parallel1 reception1 sense1 transmission 0 derived notes 5 open questions 3 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: letter in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 3 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-616:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ܠܛ܀ ܠܩܕܝܫ ܒܟܠ ܠܒܘܢ ܚܤܝܐ ܡܪܝ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܐ ܦܓܪܝܪܟܝܣ. ܒܪܟ ܝܫܘܥܝܒܗ ܒܡܪܢ ܫܠܡ܀ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܗܫܐ ܐܘ ܐܒܘܢ܆ ܤܒܪܐ ܕܡܐܬܝܬܐ ܕܠܗܪܟܐ: ܘܚܘܦܛܐ ܬܘܒ ܕܝܠܝ ܒܡܐܬܝܬܐ ܕܠܬܡ̇ܢ܆ ܡ̇ܩܠܝܢ ܗܘ̣ܘ ܟܐܡܬ ܡ̣ܢ ܚܫܐ ܕܓܠܝܙܘܬܐ ܠܬܪܥܝܬܐ ܕܓܘܐ. ܗܫܐ ܕܝܢ ܡ̣ܢ ܕܠܬܪܬܝܗܝܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܒܲܛܠ ܙܒܢܐ ܒܥܤܩܘܬܗ܆ ܒܓܘܐ ܡܟܝܠ ܡܦܬ̇ܠܓ ܚܫܐ. ܟܕ ܡܘܤܦ ܕܘܘ̈ܢܐ ܕܟܠܝܘܡ. ܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܗܟܝܠ ܐܠܨܐ ܗܝ ܡܟܝܠ܆ ܕܒܗ ܒܦܘܪܤܐ ܕܥܝܕܐ ܢܬܚܫܚ ܐܦ ܗܫܐ ܒܤܘܪ̈ܛܐ ܕܟܬܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܠܒܘܝܐܐ ܕܡܠܐ ܕܒܢ܆ ܥܕ ܢܬܦܢܐ ܡܪܝܐ ܘܢܪܚܡ ܥܠܝܢ܆ ܘܢܕܚ ܢܘܗܪܐ ܕܦܘܪܩܢܗ ܒܛܝܒܘ. ܒܪܡ ܬܘܕܐ ܐܒܗܘܬܟ ܥܐ ܐܦ̈ܝ ܗܠܝܢ ܕܒܨܝܪܘܬܝ. ܐܝܬܝ ܓܝܪ ܥܕܟܝܠ ܒܛܝܒܘܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܠܥܠ ܡ̣ܢ ܫܘܝܘܬܐ ܕܚܛ̈ܗܐ. ܟܕ ܡܫܟܚ ܐܢܐ ܠܚܡܐ ܕܝܘܡܐ ܘܢܝܚܐ ܙܥܘܪܐ. ܘܬܫܡܫܬܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܡܫܬܡܠܝܐ ܒܛܘܟܤܐ ܡܡܫܚܐ. ܗ̇ܘ ܟܐܡܬ ܡܤܬܒܪ ܕܤܩܘܒܠܝ ܠܗܘܒܠܗ ܕܥܠܡܐ. ܗܟܢܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܐܦܠܐ ܤܛܢܐ ܤܝܒܪܗ̇ ܠܨܒܘܬܐ. ܐܠܐ ܟܕ ܐܫܬܚܝܢ ܒܦܩܪܘܬܐ ܕܥܝܕܗ: ܕܚܝ̈ܠܬܐ ܐܙܝܥ ܥܠܝܢ ܘܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܒܕܠܘܚ̈ܝܐ ܕܡ̣ܢ ܫܠܝ. ܘܦܨܚܐ ܥܬܕ ܠܢ ܕܢܥܒܕ. ܕܕܡ̇ܐ ܒܟܠ ܡܕܡ ܠܦܨܚܗ ܕܡܪܢ. ܒܗ ܒܝܘܡܐ ܘܒܗ ܒܥܕܢܐ ܘܒܗ ܒܙܢܐ. ܘܒܟܠܗ̇ ܬܫܡܫܬܗܘܢ ܕܤܘܥܪ̈ܢܐ. ܚܠܦ ܗܪܘܕܣ ܘܦܝܠܛܘܣ: ܪ̈ܫܢܐ ܘܫܠܝ̈ܛܢܐ ܕܐܬܪܢ. ܚܠܦ ܪ̈ܒܝ ܟܗ̈ܢܐ ܕܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ ܘܐܪ̈ܟܘܢܐ ܕܥܡܗܘܢ. ܗܪ̈ܛܝܩܐ ܘܪܘܪ̈ܒܢܐ ܕܥܡܢ. ܚܠܦ ܕܚܫ̈ܐ ܘܐܤܛܪ̈ܛܝܘܛܐ: ܚܠܦ ܤܦܤܪ̈ܐ ܘܚܘܛܪ̈ܐ: ܗ̈ܢܝܢ ܤܦܤܪ̈ܐ ܘܚܘܠܛܪ̈ܐ. ܚܠܦ ܩܪ̈ܢܬܐ ܘܩܠܵܐ: ܗ̈ܢܝ̣ܢ ܩܪ̈ܢܬܐ ܘܩ̈ܠܐ. ܚܠܦ ܝܗܘܕܐ ܡܫܠܡܢܐ: ܪܫܐ ܡܫܡܗܐ ܘܡܝܩܪܐ ܕܒܟܘܫܝܢ. ܗܘ̇ ܕܟܕ ܩܘܕܫܐ ܥܕܟܝܠ ܒܝܬ ܤܦܘ̈ܬܗ܆ ܚܦܝܛܘܬܐ ܕܪܒܐ ܡ̣ܢ ܕܝܗܘܕܐ ܚܘܝ.
English
To the holy in all things, the merciful father, the Catholicos Patriarch. Barak Ishoʿyahb, in the Lord, peace. Until now, O father, the hope of my coming here, and again my own concern about going there, were both suspended, as it were, with the pain of exile from the care of the interior. Now, however, since both of these have ceased their time due to its difficulty, the pain is divided within. While daily sorrows increase. For this reason, therefore, it is necessary now, that in this opportunity of the feast, I should also now be equipped with the letters of the alphabet for the composition of the words of the heart, until the Lord appears and has mercy on us, and the light of his salvation shines through grace. Yet thanks to your fatherhood for these faces of my insignificance. For I am still, by the grace of God, above the equality of sins. While I am able to obtain the bread of the day and a little rest. And the service of the Church of God is completed with an anointed order. That one, as it were, is considered to be opposed to the ruin of the world. Thus, as if even the adversary did not bear the will. But when he was humbled by the poverty of his custom: the mighty and great ones were stirred against me by the disturbances that are with me. And a feast is prepared for you to make. Which resembles in every way the feast of the Lord. In the same day and in the same season and in the same kind. And in the whole service of their actions. Instead of Herod and Pilate: the wicked and rulers of the land. Instead of the teachers of the priests of the Jews and the archons of their people. The heretics and the great ones of the people. Instead of the pains and the soldiers: instead of the scribes and the rods: these are the scribes and the rods. Instead of the cries and the voice: these are the cries and the voices. Instead of Judas the betrayer: a famous and honored head in Kushiyan. He who, while the sanctity is still between his lips, showed a zeal greater than that of Judas.
dsc-616:2 · narrativehigh
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ܠܐ ܓܝܪ ܩܘܝܼ ܠܢ ܐܦܠܐ ܕܢܫܒܚ ܘܢܦܘܩ ܠܛܘܪ ܕܝ̈ܬܐ: ܐܝܟ ܕܐܦ ܝܗܘܕܐ ܩܘܝ. ܐܦܠܐ ܕܝܢ ܒܢܘܫܩܬܐ ܐܬܐ ܥܠܝܢ܇ ܒܕܡܘܬܗ ܕܗ̇ܘ. ܐܠܐ ܒܢܝܙܟܐ ܘܒܤܟܪܐ. ܥܕܡܐ ܠܗܪܟܐ ܕܘܡܝܐ ܕܦܨܚܗ ܕܡܪܢ ܒܟܠܡܕܡ. ܡ̣ܢ ܗܪܟܐ ܕܝܢ ܘܠܗܠ: ܐܬܝܬܪ ܦܨܚܢ. ܗܢ̇ܘ ܕܝܢ ܡ̣ܢ ܦܨܚܗ ܕܡܪܢ ܒܟܠܡܕܡ: ܡ̣ܢ ܦܨܚܐ ܗ̇ܘ ܦܓܪܚܐ ܘܐܪܙܢܝܐ ܕܥܡ ܦܛܪܘܣ ܘܚܒܪ̈ܘܗܝ. ܒܗ̇ܝ ܕܗ̣ܘ ܡܪܢ ܠܬܪܤܪ ܠܓܝܘ̈ܢܝܢ ܕܡܠܐܟ̈ܐ. ܗ̇ܢܘܢ ܕܗܝܕܝܢ ܡ̣ܢ ܬܫܡܫܬܐ ܕܛܢܢܗܘܢ ܟܠ̣ܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܒܡܠܬܗ ܕܠܘܬ ܟܐܦܐ܆ ܗܫܐ ܓܠܝܐܝܬ ܠܦܘܪܩܢܗ̇ ܕܥܕܬܢ ܫܕܪ. ܘܤܥ̣ܪ ܒܬܕܡܘܪܬܐ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܠܫܘܒܚܐ ܕܚܝܠܗ ܡܢܨ̈ܚܢ. ܗܠܝܢ ܕܠܐ ܡܤܝܒܪܐ ܐܓܪܬܐ ܠܡܩܒܠܘ ܬܚܘܝܬܐ ܕܫܒܝܚܘܬܗܝܢ. ܟܒܪ ܕܝܢ ܐܦܠܐ ܠܫܢܐ ܕܗܕܝܘܛܘܬܝ ܡܫܟܚ ܒܝܕ ܡܠܬܐ ܚܝܬܐ: ܠܡܪܫܡ ܛܘܦܤܐ ܕܬܡܝܗܘܬܗܝܢ. ܒܪܡ ܢܬܝܛܪ̈ܢ ܠܦܓܥܐ ܕܦܪ̈ܨܘܦܐ. ܘܠܬܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܢܓܝܪ̈ܐ ܟܕ ܐܠܗܐ ܢܥܕܪ. ܩܕܡ ܕܝܢ ܕܠܗܕܐ ܐܫܬܘܐ܆ ܬܚܕܐ ܐܒܗܘܬܟ ܒܐܝܠܢ ܕܗܘ̣̈ܝ ܡܛܠ ܕܛܒ ܫܒܝܚ̈ܢ. ܘܬܘܕܐ ܚܠܦܝܗܝ ܠܡܪܢ ܒܟܠܙܒܢ܆ ܡܛܠ ܕܒܤܘܓܐܐ ܕܥܘܫܢܗ ܐܬܟܕܒܘ ܠܗ ܒܥܠܕܒܒܘ̈ܗܝ ܗܪ̈ܛܝܩܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܟܬܝܒ. ܘܟܕ ܐܬܬܒܪܘ ܡ̣ܢ ܥܘܫܢܐ ܕܤܒܪܗ̇ܘܢ ܒܡܚܘܬܗ ܕܡܪܝܐ܆ ܫܢܝܘ ܠܘܬ ܫܠܝ̈ܛܢܐ ܒܪܒܪ̈ܝܐ ܕܐܩܝܡܘ ܠܢ ܚ̈ܛܗܝܢ. ܘܗܐ ܓܙܡܝܢ ܠܝ ܩ̣ܛܠܐ ܒܟܠܝܡ. ܗ̇ܘ ܕܚܘ̇ܝܬ ܐܢܘܢ ܕܤܓܝ ܦܫܝܩ ܐܦ ܡܘܬܪܢ. ܐܦܢ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܤܓܝ ܕܚܝ̣ܠ܇ ܡܛܠ ܕܕܠܐ ܤܒܪܐ ܐܢܘܢ. ܐܠܐ ܕܝܢ ܪܘܚܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܒܬܕܡܘܪܬܐ ܕܥܝܕܗ̇: ܐܦ ܠܩܫܝܘܬܐ ܕܒܪܒܪ̈ܝܐ ܠܡܫ̇ܝܢܘܬܐ ܕܠܘܬܢ ܡܦܢܝܐ ܒܩܠܝܠ ܩܠܝܠ. ܘܒ̇ܗܝܢ ܡ̣ܢ ܠܘܬܗܘܢ ܐܝܟ ܕܒܗ̤ܬܘ ܡ̣ܢ ܐܬܘܪ. ܘܡܬܦܢܐ ܠܚܝܠܐ ܐܠܗܝܐ ܡ̣ܢ ܦܘܡܐ ܕܦܪ̈ܘܫܐ ܫܘܒܚܐ ܕܦܐܐ ܠܗ. ܬܨܠܐ ܗܟܝܠ ܐܒܗܘܬܟ ܡܦܝܣ ܐܢܐ.
English
For it did not remain for me to see, nor to praise and go out to the mountain of the monasteries, as even Judas remained. Nor did it come upon me through a kiss, in the likeness of that one. But through victory and memory, up to this point the likeness of the Passover of the Lord in everything. From this point onward, however, the Passover increased. That one, then, with the Passover of the Lord in everything, with that Passover—the bodily and sacramental one—which was with Peter and his companions, because that Lord sent to the ends of the angelic orders. Those who, then, from the service of their table, all ceased at his word to the rock. Now he has clearly sent for the salvation of your church. And he accomplished wonders, those which for the glory of his power are fitting. These, which are beyond belief, a letter cannot receive as testimony of their magnificence. Moreover, not even for the hour of my lowliness is it possible, by means of a living word, to delineate the pattern of their wondrousness. However, I am hastening to the encounter of the persons and to the confessions of the strangers, if God assists. Before, then, this is accomplished, your fatherhood will rejoice in those things that happen, because they are good and glorious. And give thanks for them to the Lord at all times, because by the abundance of his help his enemies the heretics were confounded, as it is written. And when they were broken by the help of their opinion, by the blow of the Lord, they went to the barbarian rulers, who set up sins for me. And behold, they threaten me with death by every means. That which I showed you is very easy and also profitable. Moreover, there is much fear concerning them, because they are without hope. But the spirit of God, by its accustomed wonder, also gradually inclines the harshness of the barbarians to Christianity towards you. And by it, from them, as if ashamed from Assyria, it is inclined to divine power from the mouth of the apostles, glory that befits him. Therefore, your fatherhood, pray, persuading me.
dsc-616:3 · narrativehigh
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ܕܐܫܬܘܐ ܠܛܝܒܘ ܕܬܝܒܘܬܐ ܘܐܫܟܚ ܪ̈ܚܡܐ ܩܕܡ ܡܪܢ. ܘܫܪܟܢܐ ܕܝܘ̈ܡܝ ܒܚܝ̈ܐ ܕܫ̇ܦܪܝܢ ܠܨܒܝܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܐܥܒܕ܀ ܝܫܠܡܬ̤܀
English
...that I might find rest in the goodness of grace and obtain mercy before my Lord. And the remainder of my days in a life that is pleasing to the will of God I shall spend. Completed.
Citation. Tergwame, “Letter 39: To the Catholicos (V)”, dsc-616:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-616#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0024 · generated 2026-11-15.