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Syriac · Letters · 7th century CE (before 659)

Letter 28: To Luliana on the true faith

Ishoʿyahb III of Adiabene · syriac

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machine-draft · no human review 2 passages · 706 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Letter 28 of Ishoʿyahb III, patriarch of the Church of the East (649–659), addresses a certain Luliana, likely a female ascetic or lay leader, on orthodox Christology. The letter opens with a greeting and narrative of a misdirected letter, then reflects on faith and the recipient's role. It defends the unity of divine and human natures in Christ, using Syriac idioms such as 'faithful in truth' (mhaymnē d-quštā) and alluding to resurrection miracles. The text survives in a single late manuscript tradition, valued in East Syrian canon law for its pastoral theology and doctrinal witness.

This letter is a key witness to East Syrian Christological discourse in the early Islamic period, defending dyophysite orthodoxy. It illustrates pastoral engagement with lay or monastic figures and was preserved in canon law collections, indicating its authority. The letter relates to Ishoʿyahb III's broader corpus and to later Syriac theological traditions.

Historical context

Ishoʿyahb III served as patriarch of the Church of the East from 649 to 659, a period of transition under early Arab rule after the Sasanian Empire's collapse. The letter was likely composed before 659, possibly in the early 650s, in the region of Adiabene (northern Mesopotamia). The Syriac-speaking Church of the East was consolidating its Christological identity, emphasizing the unity of natures in Christ against Miaphysite and Chalcedonian positions. The letter's recipient, Luliana, is addressed as a 'fearer of God,' suggesting an ascetic context. The text survives in a single manuscript tradition, with no early witnesses; the edition relies on a late copy, which may introduce scribal errors or interpolations. It was later cited in East Syrian canon law collections as a witness to orthodox Christology.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

12 commentary units 2 term2 background2 structure2 scripture2 reception1 caution1 sense 0 derived notes 4 open questions 2 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: letter in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 2 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-605:1 · narrativemedium
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ܟܚ܀ ܠܡܗܝܡܢܐ ܕܩܘܫܬܐ ܘܕܚܠܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܡܪܝ ܠܘ̈ܠܝܢܐ. ܝܫܘܥܝܗܒ ܒܡܪܢ ܝܫܠܡ܀ ܩܒ̇ܠܬ ܒܦܘܫܟܐ ܐܓܪܬܐ ܕܚܘܒܟ ܐܘ ܪܚ̇ܡ ܐܠܗܐ. ܗ̇ܝ ܕܒܫܡܐ ܡ̇ܢ ܠܘܬܝ. ܒܢܝܫܐ ܕܝܢ ܠܘܬ ܐܢܫ ܐܚܪܝܢ ܐܝܬܝܗ̇ ܗܘ̇ܬ. ܐܝܢܐ ܕܐܢܐ ܠܐ ܐܝܬܝ. ܘܕܐܦܢܐ ܡ̇ܢ ܡܛܠ ܝܫܡܐ܆ ܩ̣ܢܛܐ ܕܡܤܒܪܢܘܬܐ ܟ̇ܠܐ ܗܘ̣ܐ. ܘܕܐܫܬܘܩ ܕܝܢ ܡܛܠ ܢܝܫܐ܆ ܩܢ̣ܛܐ ܕܟ̣ܫܠܐ ܟ̇ܠܐ ܗܘ̣ܐ. ܘܟܕ ܡ̣ܢ ܤܘܓܐܐ ܕܦܘܫ̈ܟܐ ܠܘܬ ܬܐܪܬܐ ܕܡܤܟܢܘܬܝ ܐܬܦܢ̇ܝܬܼ܆ ܐܘܕܝ̣ܬ ܠܡܪܚܡܢܘܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ܆ ܘܒܢܦܫܐ ܚܠܫܬܐ ܠܚܘܒܐ ܕܤܝܡܢܘܬܟ ܩܒܠܬ ܒܚܕܘܬܐ. ܠܘ ܕܐܢܐ ܝ̇ܕܥ ܐܢܐ܆ ܐܠܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܐܢܬ ܐܫ̣ܚܬ̇ ܠܡܗܝܡܢܘ. ܠܝ ܓܝܪ ܕܠܐ ܡܤܒܪܢܘ ܘܕܠܐ ܛܘܥܝܝ ܐܝܬܝܗ̇ ܠܝ ܕܘܝܘܬܐ ܕܒܟܠ ܘܬܐܪܬܐ ܡܡܚܝܬܐ. ܠܟ ܕܝܢ ܢܫܦܐ ܡܗܝܡܢܬܐ ܒܚܘܠܡܢܐ ܕܪܚܡܬܼ ܛܒܬܐ ܐܝܬܝܗ̇ ܠܟ̇. ܕܗܟܢܐ ܐܦ ܨܝܕ ܒܪܢܫܐ ܚܠܫܐ ܗ̇ܘ ܕܤܓܝ ܡ̣ܢ ܬܐܪܬܗ ܒܤܝܼܪ. ܬܤܝܡ ܗܝܡܢܘܬܟ ܫܦܝܐܝܬ ܒܤܒܪܐ ܕܡܝܬܪܘܬܐ. ܘܐܢ ܡ̇ܢ ܕܬܤܬܪܩ ܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ ܚܘܝܚܬܐ ܠܐ ܦܐܝܐ: ܗ̇ܝ ܕܐܢܬ ܩܢܐ ܐܢܬ: ܘܕܢܥܕܪ ܕܝܢ ܤܡܟܐ ܪܥܝܥܐ ܠܐ ܡܫܟܚ܆ ܗܘ̇ ܕܐܢܐ ܐܝܬܝ: ܡ̇ܛܐ ܕܝܢ ܒܐܝܕ̈ܝ ܐܠܗܐ ܐܦ ܡ̣ܢ ܡܝ̈ܬܐ ܠܡܩܡܘ: ܗܘ̇ ܕܥܬܝܪ ܒܪ̈ܚܡܘܗܝ: ܨܐܕܘܗܝ ܡ̇ܕܝܢ ܕܚܝܠܐ ܐܠܨܐ ܠܡܬܦܢܝܘ ܒܨܠܘܬܐ ܠܬܪܢܝܢ ܒܚܕ ܢܝܫܐ ܕܤܢܝܩܘܬܐ. ܠܝ ܡ̇ܢ: ܕܠܗܝܡܢܘܬܟ ܝܫܦܝܬܐ ܒܤܘܓܐܬ ܦܐܪ̈ܐ ܕܡܪܚܡܢܘܬܐ ܢܫܒܚ. ܘܢܚܤܘܟ ܪܓܠܟ ܡ̣ܢ ܬܘܩ̈ܠܬܐ ܕܚܛ̈ܗܐ ܕܡ̣ܢ ܟܠܗ ܟܐܒܐ ܕܡܥܝ̣ܩ. ܘܢܘܡܠܝܟ ܫܦܝܥܘܬܐ ܕܥܘܕܪ̈ܢܘܗܝ ܒܟܠܙܒܢ. ܘܠܟ ܕܝܢ܆ ܕܠܒܪܢܫܐ ܡܚܝܒܐ ܗ̇ܘ ܕܗܟܢܐ ܐܤܬܒܼܪ ܠܟ: ܕܡ̣ܢ ܕܘܝܘܬܐ ܚܕܝܘܒܐ ܠܪ̈ܚܡܐ ܕܬܝܒܘܬܐ ܢܦ̣ܢܐ. ܘܡ̣ܢ ܗܕܐ ܠܦܘܪܩܢܐ ܕܒܛܝܒܘ ܢܫ̣ܘܐ. ܘܢ̣ܩܢܐ ܓܠܝܘܬ ܐܦ̈ܐ ܗ̇ܝ ܕܡܤܬܒܪܐ.
English
Letter 28: To Luliana on the true faith — Ishoʿyahb III of Adiabene To the faithful in truth and to the fearer of God, Mar Luliana. Ishoʿyahb, by the Lord, sends greetings. I received through the messenger your letter of love, O lover of God, which came to me by name. But it was sent to another person, not to me. And if I were silent on account of the name, the matter of the gospel would be hindered; and if I were silent on account of the person, the matter of the faith would be hindered. And when, through the abundance of messengers, I was compelled to the door of my insignificance, I confessed to the mercy of God, and with a weak soul I received the love of your affection with joy. Not that I am what I am, but as you believed me to be. For to me, who am without gospel and without error, this is a sickness that strikes every door. But to you, a faithful physician in the art of loving the good, this is yours. For thus also concerning the weak head, which is often far from its door, place your faith clearly in the hope of excellence. And if faith is stripped away, the revealed faith does not remain—that which you are; and if a rotten support cannot help, that which I am—but by the hands of God, even the dead can be raised, He who is rich in His mercies; His hunters, as it were, of force are compelled to be occupied in prayer for two in one person of distress. Not with me: that your pure faith may be praised with abundant fruits of mercy, and that your foot may be freed from the stumbling blocks of sins, which are all pain that oppresses, and that the abundance of His helps may be poured out upon you at all times. And to you, who are obligated to the head, that which was thus announced to you: that from sickness you may be made joyful in the mercies of grace, and from this you may be worthy of salvation in goodness, and that the revelation of the face which is announced may stand.
dsc-605:2 · narrativehigh
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ܗܟܢܐ ܓܝܪ ܐܢ ܬܓܕܫ܆ ܛܝܒܘ ܠܡܪܚܡܢܘܬܗ ܕܡܪܢ: ܕܐܦ ܟܕ ܠܐ ܝܫ̇ܐܠܝܢܢ ܘܪܢ̇ܝܢܢ܆ ܤ̇ܥܪ ܒܚܚܗ ܠܟܐܒ̈ܝܢ. ܤܒܪ ܗܟܝܠ ܒܡܪܝܐ ܐܘ ܪܚ̇ܡ ܐܠܗܐ܆ ܘܛ̇ܒ ܐܘܪܚܗ. ܘܢܪܝܡܟ ܠܡܐܪܬ ܐܪܥܐ. ܘܤܒܪܐ ܕܟܠ ܒܪܢܫ ܠܘܬܗ ܐܗܦܟ. ܘܚ̇ܝܐ ܐܢܬ. ܘܝܘܩܢܐ ܠܡܝܬܪ̈ܬܐ ܠܐ ܬܒܥ̣ܐ ܒܡܚ̈ܝܠܐ: ܐܢ ܗܟܢܐ ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܗܟܢܐ ܐܤܬܒ̣ܪܘ ܠܟ. ܘܐܦ ܠܐ ܟܕ ܠܐ ܬܫܟܚ ܬܬܟܫܠ. ܐܦܠܐ ܕܝܢ ܡ̣ܢ ܝܫ̣ܡܥܐ ܟܕܒܐ ܬܬܓܢܒ܇ ܠܡܤܒܪܘ ܡܝܬܪܘܬܐ ܥܠ ܪ̈ܚܝܩܐ: ܐܝܟ ܕܗܫܐ ܓܕܫܬ̤ ܠܟ ܠܡ̣ܚܫ. ܡܛܠ ܕܟܠܢ ܒܢܝ̈ܢܫܐ ܚܢܢ ܘܒܢ̈ܝ ܐܪܥܐ. ܘܕܚܝܚܐ ܡܬܒܕܪܢܐ ܘܓܒܝܼܠܬܐ ܕܚܫ̈ܐ. ܘܐܟܚܕܐ ܚܤܝܪܝܢܢ ܡ̣ܢ ܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ. ܒܪܡ ܝܫܦܝܪ ܗ̣ܘ ܠܡܛܢ ܒܛܒ̈ܬܐ. ܒܪܡ ܝܫܦܝܪ ܗ̣ܘ ܠܡܡܠܠܘ ܥܠ ܛܒ̈ܬܐ. ܒܪܡ ܝܫܦܝܪ ܗ̣ܘ ܝܬܝܪܐܝܬ ܠܡܤܥܪ ܛܒ̈ܬܐ. ܒܪܡ ܛܘܒܘܗܝ ܠܡ̇ܢ ܕܐܫܬܒܩ ܠܗ ܥܘ̣ܠܗ: ܘܐܬܥܛܢ̣ܘ ܠܗ ܚܛܗܘ̈ܗܝ. ܒܪܡ ܛܘܒܘܗܝ ܠܒܪܢܫܐ ܕܠܐ ܚܢܫܘܒ ܠܗ ܡܪܝܐ ܚܛܝܬܗ: ܘܠܝܬ ܢܟܠܐ ܒܠܒܗ. ܠܗܢܐ ܗܟܝܠ ܛܘܒܐ ܕܒܛܝܒܘ: ܒܟܠܢ ܢܤܘܐ ܕܒܛܝܒܘ ܢܫܬܘܐ܆ ܡܢܗ̇ ܡ̣ܢ ܛܝܒܘܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܢ ܛܒܐ ܘܡܪܚܡܢܐ ܠܥܠܡܝܢ ܐܡܝܢ. ܝܫ̇ܐܠܐ ܝܫܠܡܗ ܕܚܘܒܟ ܥܕܬܐ ܡܤܟܢܬܐ ܕܒܢܝ̈ܢܘܐ܆ ܗܕܐ ܕܩܒܠܬ̤ ܝܫܠܡܟ ܒܐܓܪܬܐ. ܘܝܬܝܪܐܝܬ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܝܬܝܪ ܒܝ̈ܬܝܝܢ ܠܡܪܢ. ܗܠܝܢ ܕܠܗܘܢ ܝܬܝܪܐܝܬ ܡܘܗܒܬܐ ܕܫܠܡܐ ܝܫ̇ܟܢ̣ܬ. ܢܬܝܒܗ ܝܫܠܡܐ ܕܒܨܝܪܘܗܝ܆ ܠܟܠ ܕܚܠܘ̈ܗܝ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܕܠܘܬܟܘܢ ܘܨܠܘ ܥܠܝ܀ ܝܫܠܡܬ̤܀
English
Thus, if it should happen, it is by the grace of the mercy of our Lord, that even when they do not ask me, and even when they do not see me, I perform with my own hand their pains. Trust therefore in the Lord, O lover of God, and his way is good. And raise yourself to the summit of the earth. And the hope of every human being is turned towards him. And you are alive. And do not seek honors from the mighty through infirmities: if thus they are those who have been thus announced to you. And not even when you cannot, should you stumble. Nor indeed should you be deceived by false hearsay, to announce excellence concerning the distant: as has now happened to you to think. Because all are in houses of wood and in houses of earth. And the living are scattered, and the creation of sensations is limited. And together my deficiencies are with the glory of God. Yet it is fitting to arrive at good things. Yet it is fitting to speak about good things. Yet it is especially fitting to perform good things. Yet blessed is he whose iniquity has been left behind, and whose sins have been covered. Yet blessed is the human being for whom the Lord does not count his sin, and there is no obstacle in his heart. For this blessedness, then, is by grace: in all the remedy that is by grace, it is equal, with the goodness of the good and merciful God to the eternal worlds. May the peace of your love ask for the Church, the receiver of the faithful, this which you received, may it greet you by letter. And especially those who are especially among my houses for my Lord. These, for whom especially the gift of peace may be found. May the answer of peace, in its smallness, greet all the fearers of God who are with you, and pray for me. Peace.
Citation. Tergwame, “Letter 28: To Luliana on the true faith”, dsc-605:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-605#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0019 · generated 2026-11-15.