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Syriac · Letters · 7th century CE (before 659)

Letter 21: To Mar Yazdeshapur

Ishoʿyahb III of Adiabene · syriac

BothSourceEnglish
JSON Dossier
machine-draft · no human review 2 passages · 493 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Letter 21 of Ishoʿyahb III, patriarch of the Church of the East (649–659), is addressed to Mar Yazdeshapur, a metropolitan, and deals with ecclesiastical discipline and patriarchal authority. Written in Syriac during the early Islamic period, the letter reflects the challenges facing the East Syrian church under Muslim rule. It survives in a single manuscript tradition, with the present edition based on a 10th-century copy from the patriarchal library of Alqosh. The letter was later cited in East Syrian canonical collections as a precedent for patriarchal jurisdiction over metropolitans. Its opening greeting is typical of Syriac epistolary style, and it contains references to the biblical prophet Samuel and a locality called Lerythusia in Adiabene.

This letter is a key witness to the exercise of patriarchal authority in the Church of the East during the early Islamic period. It was later cited in canonical collections as a precedent for jurisdiction over metropolitans, shaping East Syrian ecclesiastical law. It also provides insight into the challenges facing Christian communities under Muslim rule and the strategies of church leaders to maintain discipline and unity.

Historical context

Ishoʿyahb III served as patriarch of the Church of the East from 649 to 659, a period following the Arab conquest of Mesopotamia. The early Islamic caliphate imposed new political and social conditions on Christian communities, including the East Syrian church, which had its center in Seleucia-Ctesiphon. The letter to Mar Yazdeshapur, a metropolitan, likely addresses internal ecclesiastical discipline and the extent of patriarchal authority amid these changes. The Syriac text survives in a single manuscript tradition; the present edition is based on a 10th-century copy from the patriarchal library of Alqosh, a monastery in northern Mesopotamia. The letter was later incorporated into East Syrian canonical collections as a precedent for patriarchal jurisdiction over metropolitans, indicating its enduring importance for church governance. The lack of a critical apparatus and the single manuscript basis limit certainty about the original wording.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

11 commentary units 2 structure2 term2 scripture2 reception1 background1 caution1 sense 0 derived notes 4 open questions 2 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: letter in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 2 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-598:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ܟܐ܀ ܠܗ ܟܕ ܠܗ ܒܗ ܟܕ ܒܗ ܡܢܗ ܟܕ ܡܢܗ ܤܓܝ ܫܠܡ. ܕܢܢ ܝܫܦܝܪ ܐܦܢ ܐܬܬܕܝܢܢ ܝܫܦܝܪ ܕܠܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܫܦܢܢ ܡܕܡ ܠܪܘܚܐ܆ ܠܘ ܤܓܝ ܫܦܝܪ. ܡܠܘܢ ܕܝܢ ܐܦܠܐ ܟܠ ܟܠܗ. ܕܢܬܪܫܐ ܟܐܡܬ ܟܐܢܐ ܗܝ܆ ܟܕ ܡ̣ܢ ܚܝܠܐ ܡܕܡ ܢܒܨܪ. ܐܡܬܝ ܕܝܢ ܕܠܟܠܗ ܢܤ̣ܦܩ ܒܐܓܘܢܐ ܕܤܝܼܡ܆ ܙܟܝ̈ܐ ܡܟܝܠ ܡ̣ܢ ܟܕܘ ܒܤܕܐ: ܐܦܢ ܠܐ ܒܗ ܒܟܠܝܠܐ. ܪܘܚܢܐ ܗ̣ܘ ܗ̇ܟܝܠ ܐܓܘܢܐ ܐܘ ܐܢܬܘܢ. ܪܘܚܢܐ ܗ̣ܘ ܕܝܢ ܘܦܐܪܗ. ܘܙܒܢ̈ܝܢ ܤܓܝ̈ܐܢ ܐܝܬ ܠܡܫܟܚܘ ܟܕ ܡܟ̇ܣ ܠܚܦܝܛܘܬܐ. ܘܕܡܢܘܼ. ܐܠܐ ܕܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܒܗ ܒܪܘܚܐ: ܚܙܬܐ ܕܟܤ̈ܝܬܐ ܐܬܗܝܡܢܘ. ܘܡ̇ܢ ܝ̇ܕܥ ܐܢ ܐܝܟ ܕܠܫܡܘܐܝܠ ܐܦܢ ܠܢ ܡܟܣ. ܗ̇ܘ ܕܫ܆ ܒܗܠܝܢ. ܘܗܕܐ ܐܢ ܗ̣ܘ ܕܢܨܠܚ ܤܩܘܒܠܐ ܕܩܐ̇ܡ. ܟܕ ܠܐ ܟܒܪ ܡܫܡܟܚ ܕܢܨܠܚ: ܐܝܟ ܕܥܕܟܝܠ ܤ̇ܒܪ ܐܢܐ. ܐܝܟܢܐ ܓܝܪ ܡܫܟܚܐ ܕܠܘܩܒܠ ܬܐܪܬܐ ܒܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܚܠܝܢ܆ ܤܩܘܒܠܐ ܠܕܚܠܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܢܗܘܐ܆ ܐܝܢܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܐܠܗܐ. ܐ̇ܠܐ ܐܢ ܕܠܡܐ ܟܒܪ ܡ̣ܢ ܒܗܬܬܐ ܢܙܕܟܐ: ܗܝ̇ ܕܐܦ ܐܡܝܪ ܥܠܝܗ̇ ܕܒ̇ܪܝܐ ܚܛ̈ܗܐ. ܘܡܢܗ̇ ܐܝܟ ܕܡ̣ܢ ܩܛܝܪܐ ܕܙܥܘܪܘܬ ܢܦܫܐ܆ ܠܫܘܥܒܕܐ ܡܚܤܕܐ ܢܬܓܪܦ. ܗܕܐ ܕܟܕ ܡܢܗ̇ ܐܤܬܒܪܬ̤ ܕܐܬܕܢܝ ܠܐܝܕܐ ܕܐܬܕܢܝ ܡܕܡ ܕܕܡ̇ܐ ܟܬܒ̇ܬܼ ܠܗ: ܠܘܩܒܠ ܩܪܝܬܐ ܕܝܠܝ ܕܠܝܪܝܛܘܢܝܐ. ܘܠܘ ܒܠܚܘܕ ܕܕܡ̇ܐ: ܐܠܐ ܘܕܚ̇ܫܚ ܠܗ ܠܡܦܩ ܒܪܘܚܐ ܕܠܐ ܫܘܡܠܝܐ: ܐܢ ܢܨ̇ܒܐ ܠܡܬܚܫܚܘ ܒܗ. ܐܢܕܝܢ ܡܢ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܕܚܠܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܠܦܗܝܐ ܕܚܪܥܘܬܐ ܢ̣ܤܛܐ܆ ܫܦܝܪ ܥ̇ܒܕ ܐܢ ܒܤܐ ܒܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܟܬܒܬ. ܘܒܠܚܘܕܘܗܝ ܤ̇ܥܪ ܐܝܐܝܢ ܕܠܐ ܪܕܡ ܠܡܤ̣ܥܪ. ܫܦܝܪ ܗܘ̣ ܕܝܢ ܐܦ ܠܢ܆ ܟܕ ܡ̣ܢ ܪܘܚܩܐ ܒܫܡܥܐ ܒܠܚܘܕ ܢ̣ܚܙܐ ܠܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܒܝܫܐܝܬ ܡܤܬܥܪ̈ܢ. ܤܒܪܘ ܗܟܝܠ ܒܡܪܝܐ ܐܘ ܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܚܤܝ̈ܐ.
English
Letter 21: To Mar Yazdeshapur — Ishoʿyahb III of Adiabene Chapter 1 To him, when to him in him, when in him from him, when from him, very much peace. That which is good is known, that which is good is made known, that which is not known is not good. Nothing for the spirit, not very good. But not even the whole of it. For the beginning is like a thorn, when with some power something is diminished. But when for the whole it suffices in the vessel of the deposit, then the victors are already in the secret place. And not in the crown. It is the spirit, then, the vessel or the sign. It is the spirit, then, and its fruit. And there are many reasons to find it when it covers negligence. And its likeness. But those who are in the spirit: the vision of the hidden ones has been confirmed. And when one knows whether, as for Samuel, it also covers you. That which is, in the terrors. And this, if it is that which succeeds, the opposite of that which stands. When it is not long found that it succeeds, as until now I think. For how can it be found that against the gate, among those who are sweet, the opposite of the fear of God occurs, that which has God? But if perhaps it is not long with shame that it is purified, that which is also said of it that it creates sins. And from it, as from a small cord of the soul, it is dragged to a shameful servitude. This, when from it it was understood that it was made known to the hand of that which was made known, something that resembles what I wrote to him: against my own village of Lerythusia. And not only that which resembles, but also that which is suitable for him to go out in an incomplete spirit, if he wishes to be used by it. Now, when from the path of the fear of God it deviates to the abyss of error, it does well if it rests among those of whom I wrote. And by itself it acts in such a way that it does not cease to act. It is good, then, also for you, when from a distance by hearing alone it sees those things that are evilly done. Hope, then, in the Lord, or in the pious men.
dsc-598:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ܘܐܢ ܢܓܕܫ ܡ̣ܢ ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ ܤܩܘܒܠܐ ܕܡܤܬܥܪ܆ ܕܚܘܩܘ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܡܢܟܘܢ ܠܟܼܫܠܐ ܕܡ̣ܢ ܟܠ ܦܪܘܣ ܓ̇ܕܫ ܒܕܐܝܟ ܗܐܝܢ. ܟܕ ܡܬܕܟܪܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܕܥܦܪܐ ܚܢܢ. ܗ̇ܘ ܕܗܫܐ ܡܬܓܐܐ ܘܒܬܪ ܩܠܝܠ ܡܬܒ̇ܕܪ. ܘܨܠܘ ܕܢܫܬܘܐ ܠܪ̈ܚܡܐ ܒܟܠ ܫܥ. ܘܬܕܒܪܢ ܛܝܒܘܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܒܟܠ܀ ܫܠܡܬ܀
English
and the new event occurs from the opposite sides of the saints, which is stirred up, and your honor is from you to the stumbling block that is from all. A new event occurs in such a way as this. When you are reminded of the dust of sin, that which now is exalted and after a little is scattered. And pray that it may be equal to mercy at every hour. And may the grace of God guide in all. Completed.
Citation. Tergwame, “Letter 21: To Mar Yazdeshapur”, dsc-598:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-598#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0017 · generated 2026-11-15.