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Syriac · Letters · Early 5th century CE

Letter from Rabbula to Andrew of Samosata

Rabbula of Edessa · syriac

BothSourceEnglish
JSON Dossier
machine-draft · no human review 1 passages · 285 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Rabbula, bishop of Edessa (411/412–435), wrote this letter to Andrew of Samosata during the Nestorian controversy of the 420s. The letter survives only in Syriac, preserved in a single manuscript (British Library Add. 14,532) from the 6th or 7th century, with no extant Greek original. It reflects Rabbula's alignment with Cyril of Alexandria against Antiochene theology, citing Cyril's Twelve Chapters and condemning Diodorus of Tarsus and Theodore of Mopsuestia. The text was later used by Syriac miaphysite circles to support Rabbula's anti-Antiochene stance, though its authenticity was questioned by some Chalcedonian authors. The Syriac may be a translation or paraphrase of a lost Greek original, complicating lexical precision.

The letter is a rare direct witness to Rabbula's Christological position and his role in the Nestorian controversy. It illustrates the transmission of Cyrillian theology in Syriac Christianity and the later use of such texts in miaphysite-Chalcedonian polemics. Its survival only in Syriac translation highlights the complexities of textual transmission in late antique Christological disputes.

Historical context

The letter dates to the 420s, during the Christological controversies following the Council of Ephesus (431). Rabbula, bishop of Edessa, was a key Syriac figure who shifted from Antiochene to Cyrillian positions. Andrew of Samosata was a bishop aligned with Antiochene theology. The letter references Cyril's Twelve Chapters (430) and condemns Diodorus of Tarsus and Theodore of Mopsuestia as precursors to Nestorianism. It mentions the Anastasis church in Constantinople as a site of public disputation. The text survives only in Syriac, in a single manuscript from the 6th or 7th century, likely a translation from a lost Greek original. It was preserved in miaphysite circles as evidence of Rabbula's stance, though its authenticity was disputed by Chalcedonians. The lack of an apparatus criticus limits assessment of scribal errors.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

6 commentary units 2 background1 term1 structure1 caution1 reception 0 derived notes 2 open questions 1 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: letter in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 1 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-494:1 · narrativehigh
Source
ܐܓܪܬܐ ܕܡܪ ܪܒܘܠܐ ܐܦܣܩܘܦܐ ܕܐܘܪܗܝ ܠܘܬ ܐܢܕܪܐܘܣ ܕܫܡܝܫܛ. ܠܡܪܝ ܡܝܩܪ ܒܟܠ ܘܪܚܡܿ ܠܐܠܗܐ ܐܦܣܩܘܦܐ ܐܢܕܪܐܐ ܪܒܘܠܐ܀ ܟܕ ܡܬܚܦܛ ܐܢܐ ܕܐܦܓܥ ܒܕܚܠܬ ܐܠܗܐ ܕܒܟ: ܒܙܒܢ ܡܿܢ ܟܘܪܗܢܐ ܕܓܼܕܫ ܠܦܓܪܐ: ܒܙܒܢ ܕܝܢ ܩܫܝܘܬܗ ܕܣܬܘܐ܆ ܒܙܒܢܐ ܕܝܢ ܚܪܢܐ܆ ܡܐܝܢܘܬܐ ܕܕܚܠܬ ܐܠܗܐ ܕܒܟ ܟܠܬܢܝ܆ ܟܒܪ ܓܝܪ ܟܕ ܟܘܠ ܡܕܡ ܥܡ ܚ̈ܕܕܐ ܡܚܒܝܢ ܗܘܝܼܢ. ܡܢ ܗܿܝ ܕܢܬܡܚܐ ܒ̈ܛܒܼܐ ܡܢ ܪܘܚܩܐ ܡܓܗܝܢ ܗܘܝܢ. ܗܫܐ ܕܝܢ ܠܡܟܬܒ ܐܠܼܨ ܠܢ ܠܘܬ ܕܚܠܬ ܐܠܗܐ ܕܒܟ܆ ܣܝܡܘܢܐ ܡܕܡ ܕܐܬܼܐ ܠܐܝ̈ܕܝܢ. ܕܐܒܬ ܒܗ ܫܪܝܐ ܕܪ̈ܫܐ ܬܪ̈ܥܣܪ. ܕܡܢ ܕܚܿܠ ܠܐܠܗܐ ܐܦܣܩܘܦܐ ܩܘܪܝܠܘܣ ܡܬܐܡܪܝܢ ܕܐܬܣܝܡܘ. ܠܘܩܕܡ ܡܿܢ ܗܟܝܠ ܐܣܒܪܬ܆ ܕܕܡܝܩܪܐ ܢܣܛܘܪܝܣ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܟܬܒܐ. ܕܗܠܝܢ ܕܒܗܝܢ ܓܘܢܐܝܬ ܟܘܠܢ ܥܕܠܝܢ ܗܘܝܢ ܠܗ܆ ܗܢܝܢ ܓܠܝܐܝܬ ܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܒܗ. ܟܕ ܕܝܢ ܐܢ̈ܫܝܢ ܕܕܚܣܝܘܬܟ ܕܝܠܟ ܐܝܬܘܝܗ ܡܚܬܡܝܢ ܗܘܘ܆ ܐܬܕܡܪܢܢ. ܙܕܩܬ ܕܝܢ ܕܐܟܬܘܒ ܗܼܝ ܗܕܐ. ܘܒܝܕ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܡܬܟܬܒܢ ܡܢ ܢܟܦܘܬܟ ܕܝܠܟ ܐܕܥ. ܣܓܝ ܚܝܪ ܫܓܫ ܠܝ ܦܘܠܓܐ ܕܟܝ̈ܢܐ. ܘܝܬܝܪܐܝܬ ܡܢ ܒܬܪ ܚܕܝܘܬܐ. ܕܬܪ̈ܝܢ ܒ̈ܢܝܢ ܚܠܦ ܚܕ ܡܥܠ ܠܢ ܐܝܟ ܬܡܝܗܐ ܐܢܣܛܣܝܣ ܕܒܡܨܥܬܗܿ ܕܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܦܘܠܣ ܐܼܡܪ. ܕܡܘܕܐ ܐܢܐ ܒܐܒܐ ܘܒܒܪܐ ܘܒܪܘܚܐ ܕܩܘܕܫܐ. ܘܒܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܠܗܿܘ ܕܐܢܐ ܐܫܠܼܡ ܗܢܐ ܟܠܗ ܪܚܩܝ ܐܢܐܼ. ܐܝܟ ܕܟܘܠ ܡܕܡ ܒܚܕܘܬܐ ܐܩܒܠ ܕܐܣܝܒܪ܆ ܐܘܿ ܕܐܫܬܘܬܦ ܠܓܘܕܦܐ ܡܕܡ ܕܐܝܟ ܗܢܐ܀
English
The letter of Mar Rabbula, bishop of Edessa, to Andrew of Samosata. To my lord, honored in all things and beloved of God, bishop Andrew, Rabbula. While I was eager to meet with your God-fearingness, at the time of the illness that befell the body, at the time of the harshness of winter, and at the time of the heat, the approach to your God-fearingness was cut off. For formerly, when everything was hidden together with one another, from that which is revealed by good things, I was kept at a distance. Now, however, I am compelled to write to your God-fearingness, a memorandum of what came into my hands, by which the beginning of the Twelve Chapters is established, which were set down by the God-fearing bishop Cyril. First, then, I was informed that the book of Diodorus and Theodore is the one in which, while in a hidden manner they were all speaking against him, openly they were against him. When, however, the chapters of your own holiness were being sealed, I was amazed. It was right that I write this, and through those who write with your own diligence I will make known. The conflict of the minds has greatly disturbed me, and especially after the reconciliation, that two parties on account of one matter entered into you as if at the wonder of the Anastasis in the midst of Constantinople, saying: I confess the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, and our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom I have entrusted this whole thing, I am far from it, as if everything in joy I accepted that I might endure, or that I might participate in blasphemy, something like this.
Citation. Tergwame, “Letter from Rabbula to Andrew of Samosata”, dsc-494:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-494#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0014 · generated 2026-11-15.