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Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Gǝnbot)

Anonymous · betmas

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machine-draft · no human review 5 passages · 875 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

This anonymous Geʿez homily for the feast of the Archangel Michael on the 12th of Gǝnbot (May) is transmitted in Ethiopian Orthodox manuscripts, often alongside other Michaelite texts. It narrates a dramatic episode set in the reign of Emperor Arcadius (395–408), involving the empress Eudoxia, John Chrysostom, and a widow's earrings, culminating in Chrysostom's death and heavenly reward. The homily reflects a monastic origin, possibly adapted from Coptic or Arabic sources, and belongs to the later Solomonic period (14th–15th c.) based on paleographic and liturgical context. It forms part of the broader cycle of angelic homilies used in the synaxarion and monastic offices.

This homily is significant as a witness to the Ethiopian Orthodox veneration of Archangel Michael and the integration of Byzantine hagiographical narratives (e.g., the conflict between Eudoxia and John Chrysostom) into the local liturgical cycle. It relates to the broader corpus of Ethiopic angelic homilies and the synaxarion tradition, illustrating how Coptic and Arabic sources were adapted for Geʿez-speaking monastic communities.

Historical context

The homily is transmitted in Geʿez manuscripts for the month of Gǝnbot (May), often alongside other Michaelite texts. Its anonymous attribution suggests a monastic origin, possibly adapted from Coptic or Arabic Vorlagen. No explicit date is given in the edition; the homily likely belongs to the later Solomonic period (14th–15th c.), but this rests on paleographic and liturgical context rather than internal evidence. The text is read during the feast of Michael on the 12th of Gǝnbot in the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition and forms part of the broader cycle of angelic homilies used in the synaxarion and monastic offices. The edition (betmas) does not provide a critical apparatus or variant readings, so textual fluidity and scribal interventions across the manuscript tradition cannot be assessed from this source alone.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

27 commentary units 6 background5 term5 structure4 reception3 caution3 dating1 parallel 0 derived notes 9 open questions 5 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • coverageNo English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed.
  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: homily in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 5 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
LIT3963Homily:1 · narrativehigh
Source
The following text is taken from . ወኮነ፡ በመዋዕለ፡ አርቃድዮስ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ርቱዐ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ዘ ቍስጥንጥንያ ከመ፡ ቈስጠንጢኖስ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ወጳውሎስ፡ ሐዋርያ፡ ወበመዋዕለ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ቅዱስ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ዘውእቱ፡ አፈ፡ ወርቅ። በውእቱ፡ መዋዕል፡ ሀለወት፡ ብእሲቱ፡ ለ አርቃድዮስ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ወኮነት፡ ታፈቅር፡ ንዋየ፡ ወርቅ፡ ወብሩር፡ በኀይል፡ ወበትዕግልት፡ ወንዋየ፡ ባዕድ፡ ብዙኅ፡ ሀሎ፡ በኀቤሃ። ወዘንተ፡ ርእዮ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ አፈ፡ ወርቅ፡ ብዙኅ፡ ዕለተ፡ ይነግራ፡ ወይገንሓ፡ ወኢትሰምዕ፡ ቃሎ፡ ወተአብዮ፡ ሰሚዐ፡ ቃሉ፡ ወነገሩ። ወበአሐቲ፡ ዕለት፡ ነሥአት፡ አዕዋዳ፡ ለአሐቲ፡ መበለት፡ ነዳይት፡ በግፍዕ፡ ወይእቲ፡ መበለት፡ መጽአት፡ ኀበ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ወነገረቶ፡ ዘከመ፡ ነሥአት፡ አዕዋዳ፡ አውዶክስያ፡ ንግሥት፡ ወፈነወ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ኀበ፡ አውዶክስያ፡ ንግሥት፡ ወገሠፃ፡ ወሰአላ፡ ብዙኀ፡ ስእለታተ፡ ከመ፡ ትሚጥ፡ ላቲ፡ ለይእቲ፡ ብእሲት፡ መበለት፡ አዕዋዳ።
English
And it came to pass in the days of Arcadius, the orthodox king of Constantinople, like Constantine the king and Paul the apostle, and in the days of the archbishop Saint John Chrysostom. In those days, the wife of King Arcadius existed, and she loved ornaments of gold and silver exceedingly, and many foreign ornaments were in her possession. When John Chrysostom saw this, for many days he rebuked and reproached her, but she did not heed his word, and she despised him who heard his word and his message. And on one day, she took the earrings of a certain poor widow by force. And that widow came to John the archbishop and told him how Eudoxia the queen had taken her earrings. And Saint John sent to Eudoxia the queen and rebuked her and asked her with many entreaties that she might return to that poor widow her earrings.
LIT3963Homily:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ወበህየ፡ ነገሮሙ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ወመሀሮሙ፡ ቃለ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወአምኑ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ በስመ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሎቱ፡ ስብሐት፡ እስከ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ ወበስእለቱ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ መልአከ፡ ሣህል፡ ወምሕረት፡ ሐነጹ፡ አብያተ፡ ክርስቲያናት፡ ብዙኃተ፡ ወቀደሰ፡ ሎሙ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ አፈ፡ ወርቅ፡ ወሤመ፡ ሎሙ፡ ጳጳሳተ፡ ቀሳውስተ፡ ወዲያቆናተ። ወአዕረፈ፡ አመ፡ ዐሡሩ፡ ወሰኑዩ፡ ለወርኀ፡ ግንቦት፡ ወተቀብረ፡ በደሴተ፡ አክራጥያ፡ እንዘ፡ ሀሎ፡ በስደቱ፡ ወነሥአ፡ አክሊለ፡ ስምዕ፡ ወክብር፡ በመንግሥተ፡ ሰማያት፡ ወተፍሥሐ፡ ምስለ፡ ነፍሰ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ ጻድቃን፡ ወሰማዕት፡ በሰማያት፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም። ወዝንቱ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘኮነ፡ በስእለቱ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስሌነ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን። ወለአንባቢሁ፡ ይጽሐፍ፡ ስሞ፡ ኀበ፡ ዐምደ፡ ወርቅ፡ በቀለመ፡ ጽድቅ፡ ምስለ፡ ደቂቅ፡ ዛቲምርፋቅ፡ ለአእሩግ፡ ወለደቂቅ፡ ይሱቆሙ፡ እምወዲቅ፡ በእንተ፡ ስእለቱ፡ ለሚካኤል፡ ሊቅ፡ ወበእንተ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ለ ዮሐንስ፡ አፈ፡ ወርቅ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።
English
And he taught them, John, and he taught them the word of God, and all of them believed in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom is praise forever and ever. And through the intercession of the holy Michael, chief of the angels, angel of mercy and compassion, they built many churches, and John Chrysostom consecrated them for them, and he appointed for them bishops, priests, and deacons. And he reposed on the tenth and the second day of the month of Genbot, and he was buried on the island of Akratya while he was in his exile. And he received the crown of martyrdom and honor in the kingdom of the heavens, and he rejoiced with the souls of all the righteous and martyrs in the heavens forever and ever. And all this that happened through the intercession of the holy Michael, chief of the angels—may his prayer and blessing be with us forever and ever. Amen. And for its reader, may his name be written at the golden pillar in the color of righteousness with the children of Zatimrfaq; for the elders and the children, may they be saved from falling because of the intercession of Michael the chief and because of the prayer of John Chrysostom forever and ever. Amen.
LIT3963Homily:3 · narrativemedium
Source
After በስመአብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ፩አምላክ፡ ድርሳን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ሚካአል፡ ዘኅቡእ፡ ወገሃድ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ኢሎሂ፡ ኢሎሂ፡ ኢሎሂ፡ ያዊ፡ ያዊ፡ ያዊ፡ ጸባት፡ ፍጹም፡ ምሉእ፡ ሰማያተ፡ ወድረ፡ ቅድስተ፡ ሰብሐቲከ፡ አፍላቶስ፡ አፍላናታ፡ ሚካአል፡ ወገብርኢል፡ ሱራፌል፡ ወኪሩቤል፡ ሰራዊተ፡ ሰደቅይል፡ ሰድታኤል፡ ሰድቃአል፡ ሰልትኤል፡ ሰልትኤል፡ አፍላታኢል፡ መግረሬ፡ ፀር፡ ድርሳን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላኢክት፡ ሰአሊ፡ ምሕረት፡ ወመተነብል፡ ይሰአል፡ ለነ፡ ወይለተሰሪ፡ ኃጢአተነ፡ ለዒለመ፡ ዓለም፡ ዓሚን፡ ነገር፡ በእንተ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ጳጳስ፡ ዘኢትዮጵያ፡ ዘመጽአ፡ እምድኅረ፡ አቡነ፡ ይስሐቅ፡ ከመ፡ ያየድዕ፡ አበዮ፡ ለወኃይሎ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካአል፡ መላእክት፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ በወርኃ፡ ግንቦት፡ በረከቱ፡ የኃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ግብሩ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ወኮነ፡ በመዋዕሊሁ፡ ለ አርቃዲዎስ፡ ወልደ፡ ለ ቴዎደስዮስ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ርቱዓ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ዘሀገረ፡ ቍስጥንጥያ፡ ወዘአጶሊ፡ ወበ፡ እብሬቱ፡ ለ ዮሐንስ፡ ጳጳስ፡ ዘውእቱ፡ አፈወርቅ፡ ወሃለወት፡ ብእሲቱ፡ ለ አርቃዴዎስ፡ ዘስማ፡ አውዶክስያ፡ መፍቀሪተ፡ ንዋይ፡ ወሶበ፡ ርእያ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ከመ፡ ታፈቅር፡ ንዋየ፡ ይምዕዳ፡ ወይጊስፃ፡ ወቀደሰ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ጳጳስ፡ ወሢመ፡ ሎሙ፡ ቁሳውሶተ፡ ወደያቅናተ፡ ወአእረፈ፡ አመ፡ ፲ወ፪ለግንቦት፡ ወነሥአ፡ አክሊለ፡ ክብር፡ ወቦዓ፡ ውስተ፡ መንግሥተ፡ ስማያት፡ ምስለ፡ ጸድቃን፡ ወሰማዕት፡ ወዝንቱ፡ ዘኮነ፡ በስእለቱ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካአል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ትንብልናሁ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡ ለመ፡ ዓሜን፡
English
In the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, one God. A homily of the holy Michael, of the hidden and the manifest. Jesus Christ, God, God, God, Yawi, Yawi, Yawi, Ṣabāt, perfect, full of the heavens. Holy, your praises, Aphlatos, Aphlanata, Michael, and Gebrǝʿel, Surafel, and Kerubel, the armies of Ṣadqǝl, Ṣadtāʾel, Ṣadqāʾel, Seltǝʾel, Seltǝʾel, Aphlatāʿel, the destroyer of the enemy. A homily of the holy Michael, chief of the angels. He asks for mercy and intercession; he asks for us and for the remission of our sins forever and ever. Amen. A narrative concerning John, the bishop of Ethiopia, who came after our father Isaac, in order to make known the power of the holy Michael, the angel, which is read in the month of Gǝnbot. May his blessing be with his deed forever. And it came to pass in the days of Arcadius, son of Theodosius, the orthodox king of the city of Constantinople and of Italy. And in the time of John, the bishop, who is Chrysostom. And the wife of Arcadius, whose name was Eudoxia, a lover of wealth. And when John saw that she loved wealth, it grieved and angered him. And John the bishop anathematized them and gave them penances and condemnations. And he reposed on the 12th of Gǝnbot. And he received the crown of glory and entered into the kingdom of heaven with the righteous and the martyrs. And this which came to pass through the intercession of the holy Michael, chief of the angels, his exaltation shall be with his deed forever. Amen.
LIT3963Homily:4 · narrativehigh
Source
The following text is taken from 119-122 . በስመ፡ አብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ አሐዱ፡ አምላክ፤ ድርሳን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ወክቡር፡ ወኀያል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ሚካኤል፡ ወነገር፡ ወነገር፡ በእንተ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ጳጳስ፡ ዘብሔረ፡ ኢትዮጵያ፡ ዘመጽአ፡ እምድኅረ፡ አቡነ፡ ይስሐቅ፡ ጳጳስ፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ አመ፡ ዐሡሩ፡ ወሰኑዩ፡ ለወርኀ፡ ግንቦት፡ በሰላመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አብ፡ አሜን። ትንብልናሁ፡ ወአስተበቍዖቱ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስሌነ፡ ለዓለም፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን። ወኮነ፡ በመዋዕለ፡ አርቃድዮስ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ወልደ፡ ቴዎዶስዮስ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ርቱዐ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ዘቍስጥንጥንያ፡ ከመ፡ ቈስጠንጢኖስ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ወጳውሎስ፡ ሐዋርያ፤ ወበመዋዕለ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ቅዱስ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ዘውእቱ፡ አፈ፡ ወርቅ። በውእቱ፡ መዋዕል፡ ሀለወት፡ ብእሲቱ፡ ለአርቃድዮስ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ወኮነት፡ ታፈቅር፡ ንዋየ፡ ወርቅ፡ በብሩር፡ በኃይል፡ ወበትዕግልት፤ ወንዋየ፡ ባዕድ፡ ብዙኅ፡ ሀሎ፡ በኀቤሃ።
English
In the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, one God. A homily of the holy, honored, and mighty chief of the angels, Michael, and a narrative and a narrative concerning John, bishop of the land of Ethiopia, who came after our father Isaac, bishop, which is read on the tenth and the second of the month of Genbot. In the peace of God the Father, amen. May his blessing and his prostration be with us forever and ever, amen. And it was in the days of Arcadius, king, son of Theodosius, king, of orthodox faith, of Constantinople, like Constantine, king, and Paul, apostle; and in the days of the chief of bishops, the holy John, who is Chrysostom. In those days, there was a wife of Arcadius, king, and she was fond of treasures of gold, of silver, in power and in strength; and treasures of others, many, were with her.
LIT3963Homily:5 · narrativehigh
Source
ወዝንቱ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘኮነ፡ በስእለቱ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት። ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስሌነ፡ ላዓለመ፡ ዓለም፤ አሜን። ወለአንባቢሁ፡ ይጽሐፍ፡ ስሞ፡ ኀበ፡ ዐምደ፡ ወርቅ፤ በቀለመ፡ ጽድቅ፡ ምስለ፡ ደቂቀ፡ ዛቲ፡ ምርፋቅ፤ ለአእሩግ፡ ወለደቂቅ፡ ይሱቆሙ፡ እምወዲቅ፡ በእንተ፡ ስእለቱ፡ ለሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ለዮሐንስ፡ አፈ፡ ወርቅ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።
English
And all this that came to pass through the intercession of the holy Michael, chief of the angels—may his prayer and blessing be with us forever and ever. Amen. And for its reader, may his name be inscribed upon a golden pillar, in the color of righteousness, with the children of this congregation. For the elders and for the children, may they be saved from affliction through the intercession of Michael, chief of the angels, and through the prayer of John Chrysostom, forever and ever. Amen.
Citation. Tergwame, “Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Gǝnbot)”, LIT3963Homily:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/LIT3963Homily#s1
Colophon. Source: betmas · licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0033 · generated 2026-11-15.