Work dossier · summary and historical context
This anonymous Geʿez homily on the Archangel Michael, conventionally attributed to Epiphanius of Salamis, survives in a single manuscript (Betmaṣḥaf 3959) and is part of the Faws Manfasawi collection. It is read in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church on the 12th of each month, Michael's regular feast. The text likely reached Geʿez via Arabic from Coptic sources, probably no earlier than the 14th century. The homily opens with a trinitarian invocation, includes a rubric for liturgical reading, and contains a creation sequence reflecting Hexaemeral traditions. The edition does not collate against a Coptic Vorlage or identify later Ethiopic interpolations, so the text's unity is uncertain.
This homily exemplifies the adaptation of Coptic angelological traditions into Ethiopian Orthodox liturgy and literature. It is a key witness to the Faws Manfasawi collection and the veneration of Michael in Ethiopia. The text's uncertain authorship and transmission highlight the challenges of studying medieval Ethiopic translations from Arabic and Coptic, and its liturgical use underscores the integration of homilies into monthly feasts.
The homily is preserved in a single Ethiopic manuscript (Betmaṣḥaf 3959) that lacks a scribal colophon or date. Its attribution to Epiphanius of Salamis (4th century) is conventional and unsupported. The text likely entered Geʿez through an Arabic translation from Coptic sources, a common transmission route for angelological and hagiographic works in Ethiopia. This process probably occurred no earlier than the 14th century, when such translations flourished in Ethiopian monastic centers. The homily belongs to the Faws Manfasawi, a collection of homilies and prayers for Michael, and is read liturgically on the 12th of each month, reflecting Michael's prominent role in Ethiopian Orthodox piety. The creation sequence (Thursday: sea creatures, Friday: Adam and land animals, Saturday: rest) suggests influence from Coptic or Syriac Hexaemeral traditions. The Geʿez term mäftəw (interpretation) may indicate a later gloss or expansion, pointing to a layered textual history.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
| Coptic | Rendering | Count | First |
|---|---|---|---|
| no glossary terms recorded | |||