Work dossier · summary and historical context
The Geʿez text of the First Epistle of Paul to Timothy (ቀዳማዊ መልእክተ ጳውሎስ ኀበ ጢሞቴዎስ) is a translation of the canonical New Testament letter, preserved in the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition. The edition betmas presents a single Geʿez text without critical apparatus, reflecting its liturgical and doctrinal use. The translation likely dates from the medieval period, though the manuscript tradition is not specified. The Geʿez version includes chapter headings and expansions not found in the Greek original, emphasizing unity and orthodoxy, and is used in liturgical readings and theological instruction within the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.
This Geʿez version of 1 Timothy is significant for illustrating how a canonical New Testament letter was adapted within the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition, with expansions emphasizing doctrinal unity and orthodoxy. It relates to the broader history of biblical translation in the Christian East, particularly the Aksumite and medieval Ethiopian periods, and to the reception of Pauline literature in non-Greek contexts.
The Geʿez translation of 1 Timothy belongs to the broader corpus of Ethiopic biblical translations, which began with the introduction of Christianity to the Kingdom of Aksum in the 4th century and continued through the medieval period. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church received the Pauline epistles as canonical, and they were transmitted in liturgical manuscripts (e.g., the Garima Gospels, 5th–6th centuries, though later copies). The exact date of this translation is unknown; the edition betmas provides no manuscript witnesses or textual notes. The Geʿez text likely reflects the medieval period (13th–15th centuries) when biblical manuscripts were copied in monastic centers. The community was the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, which used Geʿez as a liturgical language. The genre is a canonical epistle, but the Geʿez version includes expansions (e.g., chapter headings) that align with local theological concerns, such as unity against schism, shaped by later conciliar debates (e.g., Council of Chalcedon, 451). The transmission is through the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition, with the text preserved in manuscripts and printed editions.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
| Coptic | Rendering | Count | First |
|---|---|---|---|
| no glossary terms recorded | |||