Work dossier · summary and historical context
The Malkǝʾ-hymn to St George is an anonymous Ethiopic hymn of praise following the standard five-stanza structure, each with five lines, plus introductory and concluding prayers. It celebrates different aspects of St George's martyrdom and intercession, and is used liturgically in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church on his feast day (23 Miazia). The sole known witness is a late manuscript, and the work is undated, though the editor tentatively assigns it to the later medieval period based on language and form. No external evidence such as colophons or historical references confirms this dating. The hymn is a non-narrative, poetic composition, not a vita.
This Malkǝʾ-hymn exemplifies the adaptation of a popular saint's cult into Ethiopic hymnody, showcasing the poetic and liturgical creativity of the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition. Its continued use on St George's feast day demonstrates the enduring relevance of such hymns in communal worship. The work also highlights the transmission of hagiographic motifs, such as George's Cappadocian origin, into a distinctively Ethiopian poetic form, contributing to the study of cross-cultural Christian literature.
The Malkǝʾ-hymn to St George is part of the rich Ethiopic hymnographic tradition, likely composed in the Geʿez language within the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The work is undated, but its form—a Malkǝʾ (praise hymn) with five stanzas of five lines—suggests a later medieval origin, possibly between the 14th and 16th centuries, when such hymns flourished. The sole witness is a late manuscript, indicating a narrow textual transmission. St George, a Cappadocian soldier-saint, was widely venerated in Ethiopia, and his cult was promoted through hagiography and hymnody. The hymn's liturgical use on 23 Miazia (April 23) aligns with the broader Christian calendar. The lack of colophons or historical references leaves the date and authorship uncertain, but the work reflects the integration of Byzantine-derived hagiography into Ethiopian liturgical practice.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
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