{"slug":"LIT0299Malke","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT0299Malke","title":"Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","author":"Anonymous","genre":"poetry","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T04:52:54Z","cost_usd":0.005595},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT0299Malke","work_id":"LIT0299Malke","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"},"stats":{"passages":9,"english_words":1746,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":53,"commentary_kinds":8,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":17,"work_notes":5,"external_links":3,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"LIT0299Malke","abstract":"The Image of Krǝstos Śamrā (Malkǝʿ-hymn) is an anonymous Geʿez poem from the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition, praising the saint Krǝstos Śamrā ('Christ the Merciful'). The work survives in a single undated manuscript (Betä Mäsḥaf 299), likely from the 18th or 19th century. It follows the malkǝʿ genre, addressing the saint’s body parts in salutation stanzas, with narrative and biblical echoes. The text has limited liturgical diffusion and is not found in standard printed hagiographic collections. This edition provides the Geʿez text and an English draft, but no detailed commentary or translation.","historical_context":"The work belongs to the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition, which developed a rich hymnographic corpus in Geʿez. The malkǝʿ genre, a poetic form praising saints through bodily features, flourished from the 15th century onward, often in monastic settings. Krǝstos Śamrā is a popular saint in Ethiopia, but this particular hymn is known only from Betä Mäsḥaf 299, an undated manuscript. The absence of other copies and its omission from standard printed collections suggest limited circulation, possibly within a local church or monastery. The date of composition is uncertain; the manuscript’s script and materials point to the 18th or 19th century, but the text could be older. The hymn’s references to 'Roman' skin and 'Paul the Great' indicate engagement with broader Christian traditions, while its salutation pattern aligns with established malkǝʿ conventions.","significance":"This hymn provides rare evidence of devotional poetry dedicated to Krǝstos Śamrā, a saint otherwise well-known but with few surviving liturgical texts. It illustrates the malkǝʿ genre’s flexibility in incorporating narrative and biblical allusions, and its limited transmission highlights the diversity of local hagiographic practices in Ethiopian Christianity. The work also offers material for studying manuscript survival and the circulation of devotional literature in early modern Ethiopia.","timeline":[{"date":"15th–19th c.","event":"Malkǝʿ genre flourishes in Ethiopian Orthodox tradition"},{"date":"18th–19th c.","event":"Probable date of Betä Mäsḥaf 299 manuscript"},{"date":"Undated","event":"Composition of Image of Krǝstos Śamrā"},{"date":"20th–21st c.","event":"Manuscript cataloged and edited as Betä Mäsḥaf 299"}],"relations":[{"work":"Malkǝʿ-hymns (general genre)","relation":"Belongs to the same poetic genre of salutation to body parts","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo hagiographic collections","relation":"Not included in standard printed collections, indicating limited diffusion","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Song of Songs","relation":"Possible biblical echo in phrase 'your face has been kissed'","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Pauline epistles","relation":"Reference to 'Paul the Great' evokes apostle Paul","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Coptic Christian literature","relation":"Narrative elements may reflect Coptic classification or influence","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"Betä Mäsḥaf 299 manuscript record","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke","reason":"Primary manuscript witness for the work"},{"key":"ed:LIT0299Malke","label":"Edition of LIT0299Malke","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke","reason":"Published edition of the text"},{"key":"wikipedia:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church","label":"Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church","reason":"Religious tradition of the work"}],"cautions":["Date of composition is uncertain; the manuscript is undated and may be 18th or 19th century.","Only one manuscript witness (Betä Mäsḥaf 299) is known; the work may have had limited circulation.","Authorship is anonymous and cannot be securely attributed.","The edition lacks a full translation or detailed commentary; analysis relies on an English draft."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000482,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:51:36Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT0299Malke","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":9,"translated":9,"commentary_passages":9,"commentary_units":53,"english_words":1746,"source_letters":4251,"commentary_kinds":8},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is a malkǝʿ-hymn in honor of Krǝstos Śamrā, a saint venerated in the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition. The Geʿez title means 'Image of Christ the Merciful'.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text survives in a single manuscript witness, Betä Mäsḥaf 299, which is the basis for the present edition. No other known copies have been identified.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The date of composition is uncertain. The manuscript is undated, and no external evidence securely places the work before the 18th or 19th century.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT0299Malke","label":"source edition: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Krǝstos Śamrā is a popular saint in Ethiopia, but this particular malkǝʿ does not appear in standard printed hagiographic collections, suggesting limited liturgical diffusion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition does not include a translation or detailed commentary on the Geʿez text. Readers without Geʿez must rely on the English draft provided separately.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT0299Malke","label":"source edition: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: poetry in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 9 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":9},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT0299Malke":{"label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"},"ed:LIT0299Malke":{"label":"source edition: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"ሰላም፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምኪ፡ ለክርስቶስ፡ ሥምረቱ፨ እንዘ፡ ይብል፡ ካህን፡ አንተ፡ አንበቦ፡ እምጥንቱ፨ ሥምረ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ እስመ፡ ኢየሐጽጸኪ፡ ለለሰዓቱ፨ ተረክበ፡ ፍካሬሁ፡ ለንባበ፡ ስምኪ፡ ዝንቱ፨ ለኵሉሰ፡ ተነብዮ፡ ፍካሬ፡ አልቦቱ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለሥዕርተ፡ ርእስኪ፡ ለተላጽዮ፡ ተቀብአ፨ ወለርእስኪ፡ ሰላም፡ እንተ፡ አብቈለት፡ ቆብአ፨ በእሲተ፡ ኪዳን፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ አናቅጸ፡ እዝንኪ፡ በጕጉዓ፨ በነግደ፡ ልሳንየ፡ ማኅሌትየ፡ እንተ፡ መንገሌኪ፡ መጽአ፨ አርኅዊ፡ ሎቱ፡ ኢትቁም፡ በአፍአ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለገጽኪ፡ ዘሥነ፡ ጽድለቱ፡ ተነክረ፨ አዕይንተ፡ ጽልመትኒ፡ ዘበብዝኃ፡ ብርሃኑ፡ አየረ፨ ቅድመ፡ ገጸ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ በዕለተ፡ እቀውም፡ ድኅረ፨ ያከብር፡ ስብሐተኪ፡ ኪያየ፡ ግብረ፨ ወክብረ፡ ገጽኪ፡ የኀባእ፡ ዘአፉየ፡ ነውረ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለቀራንብትኪ፡ እለ፡ ይሠርገዋ፡ ገጸ፨ ወለአዕይንትኪ፡ ንዋም፡ እለ፡ እምኔሆን፡ ነፈጸ፨ አመ፡ አፍአ፡ ኆኅት፡ ይቀውም፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ በደረ፡ ወሮጸ፨ አርኅዊ፡ በምሕረትኪ፡ ዘበእደ፡ ኪሩብ፡ አንቀጸ፨ እስመ፡ እንበሌኪ፡ ኢያጥረይኪ፡ ቢጸ፨","english":"Salutation to the memory of your name, to Krǝstos Śamrā, while the priest says, “You have read it from its beginning.” Krǝstos Śamrā, for your face has been kissed at every hour. The meaning of this recitation of your name has been found. For everything, the meaning of prophecy is not lacking.\n\nSalutation to the hair of your head, which was shaved and received, and salutation to your head, which put on a crown. Krǝstos Śamrā, a woman of the covenant, she pierced your ears with a needle. With the gift of my tongue, my hymn, which has come before you, open it for him, and stand at the door.\n\nSalutation to your face, whose beautiful radiance has been adorned. The eyes of darkness, which by the abundance of its light have been illuminated. Before the face of King Krǝstos Śamrā, on the day I stand afterward, he will honor your praise, my deed. And the glory of your face will conceal the light of my mouth.\n\nSalutation to your eyebrows, which adorn the face, and to your eyes, sleep, from which something has been breathed out. When at the door of the sanctuary Krǝstos Śamrā stands, he ran in the field. Open with your mercy, which by the hand of the cherub has been pierced, for without you, I have not touched you.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ክርስቶስ ሥምረቱ","severity":"info","text":"The name Krǝstos Śamrā (Christ the Chosen) is a title for a female saint or monastic figure, likely a nun or deaconess, as indicated by 'woman of the covenant' (በእሲተ ኪዳን).","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"በእሲተ ኪዳን","severity":"info","text":"'Woman of the covenant' refers to a female ascetic or deaconess in Ethiopian Orthodox tradition, often associated with monastic vows and service.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage follows a salutation pattern (ሰላም ለ...) addressing body parts of Krǝstos Śamrā, typical of malkǝʾ hymns, here with narrative elements from the Coptic classification.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT0299Malke","label":"source edition: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ኢየሐጽጸኪ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'your face has been kissed' may echo Song of Songs 1:2 or similar biblical imagery of intimate devotion, though no direct citation is present.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ኢትቁም በአፍአ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'stand at the door' is ambiguous; it may refer to a liturgical action or a metaphorical stance before the saint. The Geʿez allows both readings.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of Krǝstos Śamrā is not specified; could be a saint or a symbolic figure.","The phrase 'you have read it from its beginning' (አንተ አንበቦ እምጥንቱ) may be a liturgical rubric or a direct address to the priest."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ሰላም፡ ለአእዛንኪ፡ እለ፡ አፍጣና፡ ሰሚዓ፨ ኲናተ፡ ቃሉ፡ ለወንጌል፡ እስመ፡ ውስተ፡ ልብኪ፡ ቦአ፨ ውስተ፡ ቤተ፡ ከብካብ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ አመ፡ በአትኪ፡ በፍግአ፨ ጸግውኒ፡ ለጽማድኪ፡ አመ፡ አደልው፡ ለመርዓ፨ እንተ፡ አሠነይኪ፡ ማኅቶተ፡ ወቅብአ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለመላትሕኪ፡ እምነ፡ ቅርፍቱ፡ ለሮማን፨ እለ፡ ያነሥአ፡ ዘልፈ፡ አምሳላተ፡ እዝን፨ ኢያብድሩ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ እምነ፡ ለኪዳን፨ ቅብአ፡ ረድኤትኪ፡ ወትንብልናኪ፡ ወይን፨ ዘበደኃሪ፡ ይመጽእ፡ ዘመን፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለአእናፊከ፡ እለ፡ አጼነዋ፡ ዕጣነ፨ እምነ፡ ማዕጠንቱ፡ ለኪሩብ፡ ከመ፡ ትርስኢ፡ ኀዘነ፨ እስከ፡ ዮም፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ከመ፡ ጳውሎስ፡ ሊቅነ፨ እስመ፡ ትዌስኪ፡ ዲበ፡ ሥን፡ ሥነ፨ ዲበ፡ ዘመንየ፡ ወስኪ፡ ዘመነ፨\n\nሰላም፡ እብል፡ ለከናፍርኪ፡ ልሙዳት፨ ኢተኅዞ፡ ለጽልሰ፡ ወለግብረ፡ ኵሉ፡ ሐሜት፨ ክብረ፡ ድንግል፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ወትምክህተ፡ ኵሎን፡ አንስት፨ ኪያየ፡ ይርዳእ፡ ጸሎትኪ፡ በሰዓተ፡ ደዌ፡ ወሞት፨ እስመ፡ አኮኑ፡ ትረድኦ፡ ለጻድቅ፡ ጸሎት፨","english":"Salutation to your ears, which are quick to hear the sound of the word of the Gospel, for it has entered into your heart. Within the House of the Stars, Krǝstos Śamrā, when you entered at dawn, grant me the pair of your sandals when the bride is adorned. You who have made the kiss of the mouth and the anointing sweet.\n\nSalutation to your cheeks, from the skin of a Roman, which ever raise up likenesses of the ear. They do not pass away, Krǝstos Śamrā, from the covenant. The anointing of your help and your nobility, wine, which at the end the time will come.\n\nSalutation to your nostrils, which have been filled with incense from the censer of the Cherub, as if they have quenched sorrow. Until today, Krǝstos Śamrā, as Paul the Great, for you have placed your foot upon the face of the image, upon the time of my life and your time.\n\nI say salutation to your lips, which are accustomed to and have taken away the shadow and the deed of all falsehood. The glory of the virgin Krǝstos Śamrā and the boast of all women. May your prayer help me at the hour of sickness and death, for the prayer of the righteous does not help you.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ሰላም፡ ለአእዛንኪ፡","severity":"info","text":"Each stanza opens with 'Salutation to' a body part, following the pattern of the malkǝʾ-hymn genre, which praises the saint through physical features.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ቤተ፡ ከብካብ፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'House of the Stars' likely refers to a church or sanctuary, possibly a poetic epithet for a place of worship or the celestial realm.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ከመ፡ ጳውሎስ፡ ሊቅነ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to 'Paul the Great' evokes the apostle Paul, whose writings emphasize placing faith above worldly concerns; the image of placing a foot on sorrow may allude to spiritual triumph.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"እምነ፡ ቅርፍቱ፡ ለሮማን","severity":"info","text":"The mention of 'skin of a Roman' may refer to Roman parchment or a relic, indicating the saint's association with imported or venerated materials.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ","severity":"info","text":"Krǝstos Śamrā is a female saint venerated in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church; this hymn reflects her cult, emphasizing her virginity and intercessory power.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT0299Malke","label":"source edition: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ኢተኅዞ፡ ለጽልሰ፡ ወለግብረ፡ ኵሉ፡ ሐሜት","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'taken away the shadow and the deed of all falsehood' is ambiguous; it may mean the saint's lips refute falsehood or that she has removed deceit from others.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'bride' in the first stanza is unclear; it may refer to the church or a spiritual figure.","The phrase 'the anointing of your help and your nobility, wine' in the second stanza is obscure; wine may symbolize the Eucharist or spiritual joy."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ሰላም፡ ለአፉኪ፡ ጥንቁቀ፡ ዘሤሞ፨ ከመ፡ ኢይንብብ፡ ሐሰተ፡ ለዓቃቤሁ፡ አርምሞ፨ ትተግዒ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ትእዛዘ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ለፈጽሞ፨ ነጸርኪ፡ ኅቡኣተ፡ ምስለ፡ ብዙኅ፡ ተደሞ፨ በከመ፡ ነጸረ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ለፍጥሞ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለአስናንኪ፡ እለ፡ ይመስላ፡ በረዳ፨ ወለልሳንኪ፡ ጽልሑት፡ እንተ፡ ነገሩ፡ ይጽሕዳ፨ ተዘኪረከ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ዘአመ፡ ሙሴ፡ ልማዳ፨ ከመ፡ ትጽብዒ፡ ለዘይጸብሁኒ፡ ገሃዳ፨ ዘትገንያ፡ ፈንዊ፡ ሙራዳ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለቃልኪ፡ ከመ፡ መጸብሐን፡ ዘኢተለበለ፨ ወለእስትንፋስኪ፡ ሰላም፡ እንተ፡ ይስእል፡ አካለ፨ በምግባርኪ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ እንተ፡ አደውኪ፡ ሰኢለ፨ በአይ፡ ዘኢተጽኢና፡ ዘእምአጽምኪ፡ ፈልፈለ፨ ለዘበጌጋይ፡ አባልየ፡ ቈስለ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለጕርዔኪ፡ ዘሎቱ፡ ጥዑም፨ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ሕያው፡ ንባበ፡ ቃሉ፡ አዳም፨ ዓቃቢተ፡ ሥራይ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ለሰብእናኪ፡ ድኩም፨ ፈውስኪዮ፡ በቀኖና፡ ወኀጣእኪዮ፡ በጾም፨ እስመ፡ በመብልዕ፡ ረከቦ፡ ሕማም፨","english":"Salutation to your mouth, which is sealed, so that it does not utter falsehood to its guardian, Arǝmmo. You fulfill the commandment of Yoḥannǝs, Krǝstos Śamrā, when you entered at dawn. You have seen the hidden things with much blood, as Yoḥannǝs saw the creation.\n\nSalutation to your teeth, which resemble hail, and to your tongue, sharp, which speaks truth. Remembering you, Krǝstos Śamrā, from the time of the custom of Musē, as you punish openly those who persecute me, who build a wall of murade.\n\nSalutation to your voice, like a trumpet that is adorned, and salutation to your breath, which illuminates the body. In your deeds, Krǝstos Śamrā, you have driven away evil. Who is there that is adorned from your bones, like a shoot, for the one who errs, I have bound with a rope?\n\nSalutation to your throat, which is sweet. For the living ʾƎggziʾabǝḥer, the speech of his word is Adam. Guardian of the mystery, Krǝstos Śamrā, for your humanity is pure. You have healed with the canon and sinned with the fast, for through food it found sickness.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"Arǝmmo","severity":"info","text":"Arǝmmo is a proper name, possibly a guardian figure or a title; the Geʿez ዘሤሞ (z-šemō) 'sealed' may pun on the name.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Yoḥannǝs","severity":"info","text":"Yoḥannǝs (John) is invoked twice: once for 'commandment' and once for 'seeing the creation' — likely alluding to John the Evangelist or John the Baptist, common in Ethiopic malkeʿ hymns.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT0299Malke","label":"source edition: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"murade","severity":"info","text":"Murade (ሙራዳ) is a type of wall or fortification; the term appears in Geʿez building contexts, here metaphorically for persecution.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Salutation to your ...","severity":"info","text":"Each stanza opens with ሰላም ለ (salutation to) followed by a body part, a standard anaphoral pattern in Ethiopic malkeʿ hymns.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT0299Malke","label":"source edition: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"as Yoḥannǝs saw the creation","severity":"info","text":"The phrase echoes the vision of John on Patmos (Revelation) or the creation account in John 1; the Geʿez ፍጥሞ (fəṭmo) 'creation' supports the latter.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"you have healed with the canon and sinned with the fast","severity":"caution","text":"The final line is paradoxical: healing and sinning are juxtaposed; the Geʿez ቀኖና (qanona) 'canon' may refer to ecclesiastical law, but the sense is contested.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT0299Malke","label":"source edition: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of Arǝmmo is unclear; it may be a guardian angel or a saint.","The phrase 'you have healed with the canon and sinned with the fast' is syntactically ambiguous and may be corrupt or deliberately paradoxical."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"ሰላም፡ ለክሳድኪ፡ በቅናተ፡ ሐብል፡ ለተጸምዶ፨ ወለመታክትኪ፡ ዘጾረ፡ አርዑተ፡ መስቀል፡ በተዋርዶ፨ ንሥእኒ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ እምነ፡ ሰይጣን፡ ዘተካየዶ፨ እስመ፡ በኵርኪ፡ ፈጣሪ፡ ሰአለ፡ ወሪዶ፨ ምህርካሁ፡ ለሰይጣን፡ ሄዶ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለዘባንኪ፡ ወለእንግድአኪ፡ እለ፡ አብደሩ፨ ህየንተ፡ ክዳናት፡ ዘወርቅ፡ በክዳነ፡ ማእስ፡ ይነብሩ፨ ኢትፍልጥኒ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ለክርስቶስ፡ እማኅበሩ፨ አርዌ፡ እኩይ፡ እንተ፡ ያጠብብ፡ በምክሩ፨ ለእመ፡ ኪዳን፡ ኪድዮ፡ በእግሩ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለሕፅንኪ፡ ዘመከረ፡ እሙነ፨ ምርፋቀ፡ ነዳያን፡ ይኩን፡ ወዘግፉዓን፡ ፀወነ፨ እስመ፡ ሕገ፡ አምላክ፡ ረሰይኪ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ለፍኖትኪ፡ ብርሃነ፨ ዘተሣየጠ፡ በሕፅንኪ፡ ዘአብርሃም፡ ሕፅነ፨ ወበውስቴትኪ፡ ምርፋቅኪ፡ ኮነ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለአእዳውኪ፡ ጸብዐ፡ ቅዱስ፡ እለ፡ ተምኤራ፨ ምስለ፡ መዛርዕ፡ ወኵርናዕ፡ ለተመጥዎ፡ መከራ፨ በልማደ፡ አበው፡ ሰማየ፡ አመ፡ ፍልሰትኪ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፨ ኪያኪ፡ ለተበቅሎ፡ እንዘ፡ ይትባደራ፨ እኅተ፡ ሙሴ፡ የበበት፡ ወጸለየት፡ ዲቦራ፨","english":"Salutation to your neck, with a jealous chain, for it is adorned; and to your earrings, which are a pendant of the cross in humility. Lift us up, Krǝstos Śamrā, from Satan, who is envious, for the Creator descended and asked for your horn. Teach Satan a lesson and go.\n\nSalutation to your back and to your sides, which have grown dark; instead of golden garments, they dwell in a garment of skin. Separate me, Krǝstos Śamrā, from the company of Christ, the evil serpent that lies in wait with its counsel, if it should trample the covenant under its foot.\n\nSalutation to your bosom, which counseled its mother; let it be a refuge for the poor and a shelter for the mighty. For you have received the law of God, Krǝstos Śamrā, as light for your path, which was kindled in the bosom of Abraham, and in your midst your refuge became.\n\nSalutation to your hands, which are a holy seal, for they have been anointed with myrrh and incense for the sake of martyrdom. In the tradition of the fathers, when you fled to heaven, Krǝstos Śamrā, you were pursued while you were blessed. The sister of Moses, Deborah, sang and prayed.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ለክሳድኪ","severity":"info","text":"The salutation to the neck with a 'jealous chain' likely refers to a monastic or ascetic adornment, contrasting worldly jewelry.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ክርስቶስ ሠምራ","severity":"info","text":"Krǝstos Śamrā is a title meaning 'Christ the Beautiful' or 'Christ the Adorned,' used for a saint or Christ figure in Geʿez poetry.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ሕገ አምላክ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'law of God' echoes biblical language, possibly referring to the Mosaic law or divine commandment, as in Exodus or Deuteronomy.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ዲቦራ","severity":"info","text":"Deborah (ዲቦራ) is the Old Testament prophetess and judge; her mention here links the saint to biblical figures of song and prayer.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ሰላም","severity":"info","text":"Each stanza begins with 'ሰላም' (salutation), a standard opening in Geʿez malkeʾ hymns, structuring the poem as a series of praises to body parts.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ኢትፍልጥኒ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'separate me from the company of Christ' is ambiguous; it may be a rhetorical plea for purification or a textual corruption.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of Krǝstos Śamrā is uncertain: it may refer to Christ or a saint. The phrase 'separate me from the company of Christ' is ambiguous, possibly a scribal error or a paradoxical ascetic request."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"ሰላም፡ ለእመታትኪ፡ ወለእራኃትኪ፡ ክልኤ፨ ለዘርአ፡ ሥጋየ፡ ዘይጸንዕ፡ በኃሣር፡ ክብረ፡ ትንሣኤ፨ ለእመ፡ ረዊዮ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ምስለ፡ ዘለኪ፡ ጉባኤ፨ ወቃለ፡ አቅርንት፡ አመ፡ ይከውን፡ ጸዋኤ፨ ወዓውደ፡ እክሉ፡ ያስተናሥእ፡ መሥኤ፨\n\nሰላም፡ እብል፡ ለአፃብዕኪ፡ ዐሠርቱ፨ ምዕረ፡ በኂሩቱ፨ አመታተ፡ ገድል፡ ወጻማ፡ ዐሠረ፡ ምስለ፡ ክልኤቱ፨ ቦ፡ አመ፡ ቆምኪ፡ ለባሕረ፡ ጻና፡ ውስቴቱ፨ ወቦ፡ ከመ፡ ከመ፡ በፍኖት፡ ሮጽኪ፡ ቦቱ፨\n\nሰላም፡ እብል፡ ለዘዚአከ፡ ክበበ፨ እንተ፡ ተከላ፡ እምሕፃን፡ ዘኢያነትግ፡ ንባበ፨ በተውላጠ፡ ዝንቱሰ፡ ለኪ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወሀበ፨ ቂርቆስሃ፡ ወልደ፡ ካዕበ፨ ለወላዲሁ፡ ለአከውን፡ አበ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለገቦኪ፡ ዘኢስከበ፡ ጕንዱየ፨ አመጻኒ፡ በምስካቢሁ፡ ወደየ፨ ከማኪሰ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ኀበ፡ ኢክህለት፡ ጐይየ፨ ዘማ፡ ነገፈት፡ ለገቦሃ፡ ዘርቢተ፡ ሠናየ፨ ወበውስቴቱ፡ ነሰነሰት፡ መጽርየ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለከርሥኪ፡ ምስለ፡ ዘለኪ፡ ልቡና፨ ለኵልያትኪኒ፡ ዘተለዉ፡ ሕሊና፨ ፍኖተ፡ ቅዱሳን፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ እንዘ፡ ትትባደረ፡ ለፍና፨ ኢያትለዉ፡ ለኪ፡ ለድሙዓ፡ ማይ፡ አዕባነ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ወሲና፨ ወለረኀብኪ፡ ስኩረ፡ ወመና፨","english":"Salutation to your fingers, the ten, the hundred by their freedom, the mothers of deed and the ten of fasting with the two. There is, when you stood for the sea of chastity within it, and there is, as you ran on the path, there.\n\nSalutation I say to your surrounding, which was planted from the thorn of the one who does not know how to speak. By the interpretation of this, for you, Krǝstos Śamrā, the Lord gave, and Qirqos, son of Kaʿb, to his parent, to be a father.\n\nSalutation to your breast, which is not like the curved one. When you came by his bed, he rejoiced. Like you, Krǝstos Śamrā, to the place of power, he went. What she cast off for her breast of the four good ones, and within it she planted the myrrh.\n\nSalutation to your belly with your heart, and to your kidneys which have chosen thought, the path of the saints, Krǝstos Śamrā, while you are adorned for the path. They have chosen for you the tears of water, the stones of the holy and Sinai, and for your womb, the secret and the manna.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ሰላም እብል ለአፃብዕኪ ዐሠርቱ","severity":"info","text":"This unit opens a new salutation sequence addressing the fingers, continuing the pattern of bodily salutations found throughout the malkeʿ genre.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ምዕረ በኂሩቱ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'hundred by their freedom' likely refers to the ten fingers being counted as a hundred through a symbolic or numerical interpretation, possibly alluding to the ten commandments or monastic discipline.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ወልደ ካዕበ","severity":"info","text":"Qirqos, son of Kaʿb, is a figure known from hagiographical traditions; the reference to him as a father given by the Lord may echo biblical themes of spiritual lineage or adoption.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ቂርቆስሃ ወልደ ካዕበ","severity":"info","text":"Qirqos (Cyril) son of Kaʿb is a saint venerated in Ethiopian tradition, often associated with monasticism and asceticism, which aligns with the poem's themes of chastity and spiritual struggle.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ኢያትለዉ ለኪ ለድሙዓ ማይ አዕባነ ቅዱስ ወሲና","severity":"info","text":"The 'tears of water, stones of the holy and Sinai' evoke ascetic practices and biblical imagery of Sinai as a place of divine revelation and monastic retreat.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ለከርሥኪ ምስለ ዘለኪ ልቡና","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'belly with your heart' is ambiguous; it may refer to the physical organs or metaphorically to inner spiritual faculties, and the translation 'womb' for ረኀብ is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ረኀብኪ' is translated as 'womb' but could also mean 'hunger' or 'famine', affecting the interpretation of the final line.","The identity of 'Qirqos, son of Kaʿb' and his relationship to Krǝstos Śamrā is not fully clarified in the text."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"ሰላም፡ እብል፡ ለዘዚአኪ፡ አማዑተ፨ ወለንዋያትኪ፡ ዘውስጥ፡ እንዘ፡ አተሉ፡ ኅንብርተ፨ ዕረፍተ፡ ኃጥኣን፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ዘትመሰሊ፡ ሰንበተ፨ ንሥእኒ፡ ለለጽባሑ፡ ኀለተ፡ ከናፍር፡ ጸሎተ፨ በዘትመንኒ፡ ዘነፍስየ፡ ቤተ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለሐቌኪ፡ ቅኑተ፡ አስኬማ፡ ወዓዲም፨ ወለአቍያጽኪ፡ ሰላም፡ አዕማደ፡ ሥጋ፡ ወደም፨ አምሕለኪ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ዘአግዓዚ፡ ሕማም፨ እስመ፡ ትረክብ፡ ሊተ፡ እማኅደረ፡ ዳኅራይ፡ ዓለም፨ ዐይንኪ፡ ተኀጥአ፡ ንዋም፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለአብራክኪ፡ እለ፡ አስገዳ፡ ዕሩየ፨ አራዊተ፡ ቀላይ፡ ወየብስ፡ ለእንተ፡ ለኪ፡ አግነየ፨ ኢይትርፍ፡ ብኪ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ አስበ፡ ማኅሌትየ፨ አባግዓ፡ የማን፡ እመ፡ ይቤ፡ ንዑ፡ ኀቤየ፨ ቁመተ፡ አምላክ፡ ንግሪዮ፡ አስብያ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለአእጋርኪ፡ ለሐውጾ፡ ድምይ፡ ዘሮጹ፨ ለምሒረ፡ ነዳይ፡ እንዘ፡ ኢትክዒ፡ ገጹ፨ ክብረ፡ ድንግል፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ለባሕረ፡ ጻና፡ አንቀጹ፨ ወጾረ፡ ማርያም፡ ድንግል፡ ኪያየ፡ ሐወጹ፨ ወለእለ፡ ይጸልዑኪሰ፡ ፍጡነ፡ ይንፍጹ፨","english":"Salutation to your loins, the girdle of the ascetic form and the belt; and salutation to your shoulders, the pillars of flesh and blood. I implore you, Krǝstos Śamrā, who has conquered pain, for you will find me in the hidden chamber of the world; your eye has been merciful to sleep.\n\nSalutation to your knees, which have bent the wild beasts of the plain and the dry land for your sake. There is no excess in you, Krǝstos Śamrā, according to my hymn; the right side has been filled, if it says, \"Come to me,\" the stature of God, the city of Nagran, has been filled.\n\nSalutation to your feet, for the trampling of the deep that they have trodden, for the sake of the poor, while the face does not turn away. The glory of the virgin, Krǝstos Śamrā, for the sea of chastity has been opened, and the seed of Mary the virgin has been sown; and for those who pray to you, they will quickly be saved.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ሰላም፡ ለሐቌኪ፡ / ሰላም፡ ለአብራክኪ፡ / ሰላም፡ ለአእጋርኪ፡","severity":"info","text":"The passage continues the salutation sequence, moving from the loins and shoulders to the knees and feet, completing a bodily descent typical of malkǝʾ-hymns.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ኅንብርተ፨","severity":"info","text":"ኅንብርተ (ḫənbərtä) is a rare term for 'girdle' or 'belt', likely referring to the monastic or ascetic cincture, reinforcing the ascetic form (አስኬማ) mentioned in the same line.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ንግሪዮ፡","severity":"info","text":"ንግሪዮ (Nəgriyo) is the Geʿez form of Nagran, the city in South Arabia associated with the Christian martyrs of the 6th century. The reference evokes the hagiographic tradition of the Nagran martyrs.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"አስኬማ፡","severity":"info","text":"አስኬማ (ʾaskema) is a loan from Greek σχῆμα, denoting the monastic habit or ascetic discipline. Its pairing with 'girdle' underscores the saint's monastic identity.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ባሕረ፡ ጻና፡","severity":"info","text":"ባሕረ፡ ጻና፡ (bāḥrä ṣana) 'sea of chastity' is a recurring metaphor in Ethiopic hagiography, paralleling the 'sea of chastity' in the previous passage and linking Krǝstos Śamrā to virginity and purity.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ኢይትርፍ፡ ብኪ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ኢይትርፍ፡ ብኪ፡ (ʾuytərəf bäki) is ambiguous: it could mean 'there is no excess in you' (as translated) or 'you are not surpassed'. The reading affects the interpretation of the saint's perfection.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["ኢይትርፍ፡ ብኪ፡: whether it means 'there is no excess in you' or 'you are not surpassed'.","The phrase 'the right side has been filled' (አባግዓ፡ የማን፡) may refer to a liturgical or symbolic filling, but the exact referent is unclear."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"ሰላም፡ ለሰኰናኪ፡ ወለመከየድኪ፡ በዕሪና፨ አሣዕነ፡ ብሩር፡ ወርቅ፡ ይስእና፨ ሀላዊተ፡ መቅደስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ አምሳለ፡ ስምዖን፡ ወሐና፨ እንዘ፡ ትተልዊ፡ ዘተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ፍና፨ እፎኑ፡ አመ፡ ረሰይኪ፡ ፄዋዋተ፡ ለሕፅና፨\n\nሰላም፡ እብል፡ ለአፃብዕኪ፡ ዘአእጋር፨ ምስለ፡ ዘዲቤሆን፡ አጽፋር፨ ፈንዊ፡ ሊተ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ሐመረ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ኄር፨ ፈጽሚ፡ መዋዕልየ፡ አመ፡ ይእኅዝ፡ ሐመር፨ እንዘ፡ እፈርህ፡ ተሠጥሞ፡ በሲኦል፡ ባሕር፨\n\nሰላም፡ እብል፡ ለማእከላይ፡ ቆመ፡ ዚአኪ፨ ለአዳም፡ ራእይ፡ ወዘቂሐቱ፡ ያወኪ፨ ወበእንተዝ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ አዋልደ፡ ንግሥት፡ ይብሉኪ፨ ጥቀ፡ ስነኪ፡ ወጥቀ፡ አደምኪ፨ ሥሙረ፡ በቀልት፡ ይመስል፡ ቆምኪ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለመልክእኪ፡ ጥቀ፡ ሠነየ፨ እንዘ፡ ቍረ፡ ክረምት፡ ይትቀባዕ፡ ወይሠርግው፡ ዋዕየ፨ ቤተ፡ ነፍስየ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ እንዘ፡ እፈቱ፡ ርእየ፨ አርኅውኒ፡ እኅትየ፡ ካልእትየ፨ ሶበ፡ ኀቤኪ፡ አፍቀረት፡ ነፍስየ፨","english":"Salutation to your neck and your collarbones, the ivory, the silver, the gold, and the ivory; the bearer of the sanctuary, Krǝstos Śamrā, the likeness of Simeon and Hannah, while you show the path of Takla Hāymānot; how then, when you chose the chicks for the bosom.\n\nSalutation I say to your fingers of the feet, together with the nails upon them; send to me, Krǝstos Śamrā, the wine of John the Good, finish my days when the wine takes hold, while I fear being cast into the sea of Sheol.\n\nSalutation I say to your middle stature, for the vision of Adam and the one who brings you to his cave; and because of this, Krǝstos Śamrā, they call you the child of the queen; great is your beauty and great is your form; your stature resembles the shoot of a stalk.\n\nSalutation to your form, exceedingly beautiful, while the cold of winter passes and the rivers flow; the house of my soul, Krǝstos Śamrā, while I open and see; show me my sister, my second self, when my soul longs for you.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ሰላም፡ እብል፡","severity":"info","text":"The repeated salutation formula marks each stanza as a discrete unit of praise directed to a different body part or attribute, following the pattern of the malkǝʿ genre.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ሠምራ፡","severity":"info","text":"The epithet Śamrā (ሠምራ፡) is a Geʿez adjective meaning 'beautiful' or 'fair,' here used as a proper name for the saint, Krǝstos Śamrā, 'Christ the Beautiful.'","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ስምዖን፡ ወሐና፨","severity":"info","text":"Simeon and Hannah (ስምዖን፡ ወሐና፨) refer to the aged Simeon and the prophetess Anna from Luke 2:25–38, who recognized the infant Jesus in the Temple; the saint is likened to them as a bearer of the sanctuary.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡","severity":"info","text":"Takla Hāymānot (ተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡) is a major Ethiopian saint and monastic founder (13th century); the reference to 'showing the path of Takla Hāymānot' aligns Krǝstos Śamrā with his ascetic tradition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"አሣዕነ፡ ብሩር፡ ወርቅ፡ ይስእና፨","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'the ivory, the silver, the gold, and the ivory' (አሣዕነ፡ ብሩር፡ ወርቅ፡ ይስእና፨) is repetitive and may reflect a textual corruption or a deliberate rhetorical doubling; the English draft omits the second 'ivory' (ይስእና፨).","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ አዋልደ፡ ንግሥት፡","severity":"info","text":"The title 'child of the queen' (አዋልደ፡ ንግሥት፡) for Krǝstos Śamrā reflects a hagiographic tradition that associates the saint with royal or noble lineage, common in Ethiopian saints' lives.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'the chicks for the bosom' (ፄዋዋተ፡ ለሕፅና፨) in the first stanza is obscure; it may refer to a metaphor for spiritual adoption or a specific hagiographic episode.","The identity of 'my sister, my second self' (እኅትየ፡ ካልእትየ፨) in the final stanza is unclear; it could be a spiritual companion or an allegorical figure."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"ሰላም፡ ለፀአተ፡ ነፍስኪ፡ ለመዝሙረ፡ ዳዊት፡ በድምፁ፨ ወጼና፡ ዕጣን፡ ካህናት፡ አመ፡ ኪያኪ፡ ሐወጹ፨ በጺሐኪ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ለክርስቶስ፡ ቅድመ፡ ገጹ፨ ለአርዊ፡ ቀዳማዊ፡ መሥገርተ፡ አዳም፡ ወቢጹ፨ እስመ፡ ኢያጽለልኪ፡ በቈጽሉ፡ ወሠርፁ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለበድነ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ ምዑዘ፡ ከልበኔ፡ ወአፈዋት፨ ወለግንዘትኪ፡ ሰላም፡ በልብሰ፡ ሰንዱናት፨ ፀበለ፡ ድካም፡ ሥጋየ፡ ምዉት፨ አመ፡ ይዘረው፡ ክድኒዮ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ገነት፨ እስመ፡ እምጽሎቱ፡ ይትጋባእ፡ ሥጋየ፡ መሬት፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለመቃብርኪ፡ በደሴተ፡ ጻና፡ ወጽንፋ፨ ወለትንሣኤኪ፡ ድኅረ፡ ለነሢአ፡ ዕሤት፡ ወተስፋ፨ ሰአሊ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ምስለ፡ ጳውሎስ፡ ወኬፋ፨ በበግዕ፡ ወጠሊ፡ አመ፡ ይትነበብ፡ ዘዘልፋ፨ ምስለ፡ አባግዕ፡ ያቁመኒ፡ አልፋ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለዕርገትኪ፡ መንገለ፡ ዘዐርገ፡ ርእስ፨ አኮ፡ በሥጋ፡ ዳዕሙ፡ በነፍስ፨ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ ሥንኪ፡ ኀበ፡ ዘሠምረ፡ ክርስቶስ፨ ተንብሊ፡ ለለጽባሑ፡ በርደተ፡ መንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፨ ለዛቲ፡ መቅደስ፡ ወለዛቲ፡ ተርሴስ፨","english":"Salutation to the exhalation of your soul, to the psalm of David in his voice; and the incense of the priests, when they cast it for you; in your righteousness, Krǝstos Śamrā, before the face of Christ; to the first-born of the wild beasts, the hiding-place of Adam, and the egg; for you will not be darkened by his form and his weaving.\n\nSalutation to the substance of your body, the sweet perfume of the hyssop and the aromatics; and to your burial, salutation, in a garment of sindon; my weak, dead body, when Krǝstos Śamrā sprinkles the garden of Kydonia; for from his prayer my body, the earth, will be covered.\n\nSalutation to your tomb on the island of Patmos and the writing; and to your resurrection after the passing of evening and hope; intercede, Krǝstos Śamrā, with Paul and Cephas; with a lamb and a kid, when the one who has passed is read; with the sheep, Alpha will stand for me.\n\nSalutation to your ascension, the way of the one who ascended in person; not in body, but in soul; Krǝstos Śamrā, your likeness to the one who painted Christ; blossoming daily with the descent of the Holy Spirit; for this sanctuary and for this Tarsis.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ሰላም፡ ለፀአተ፡ ነፍስኪ፡","severity":"info","text":"The opening 'salutation to the exhalation of your soul' continues the series of bodily salutations from the previous passage, now shifting to the soul's breath as a spiritualized extension of the physical body.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ለመዝሙረ፡ ዳዊት፡","severity":"info","text":"The 'psalm of David' likely alludes to the biblical Psalms, which are traditionally attributed to David and used in Geʿez liturgical poetry as a model for praise.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"በደሴተ፡ ጻና፡","severity":"info","text":"The 'island of Patmos' (ደሴተ ጻና) is traditionally associated with John the Evangelist's exile and the composition of Revelation, though here it appears in a funerary context for Krǝstos Śamrā.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡","severity":"info","text":"Krǝstos Śamrā is a Geʿez epithet meaning 'Christ the Painter,' referring to a saint or iconographic figure associated with artistic depictions of Christ, as seen in the phrase 'your likeness to the one who painted Christ.'","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ምስለ፡ ጳውሎስ፡ ወኬፋ፡","severity":"info","text":"The pairing of Paul and Cephas (Peter) echoes New Testament traditions of the two apostles as foundational figures, here invoked as intercessors alongside Krǝstos Śamrā.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ሰላም፡","severity":"info","text":"Each stanza begins with 'Salutation' (ሰላም), a standard opening in Geʿez malkeʾ hymns, structuring the poem as a series of reverential addresses to different aspects of the subject.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the first-born of the wild beasts' and 'the egg' in the first stanza is unclear; they may be symbolic or refer to lost traditions.","The phrase 'the garden of Kydonia' (ገነት ክድኒዮ) is ambiguous; it may refer to a specific location or be a poetic metaphor for paradise."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"አንጽሕኒ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ በጸሎትኪ፡ ዘሠምረ፨ ለዘኢተሐፀብኩ፡ ገብር፡ እንተ፡ አርኀወ፡ ደብረ፨ በቃለ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ለሙሴ፡ አዕጽምተ፡ አበው፡ አክበረ፨ ጸሊማን፡ አዕይንቲሁ፡ ለሮቤል፡ ዘቆረ፨ ስእመ፡ ከመ፡ በረድ፡ ጽዕድው፡ ወመሰሉ፡ ፀምረ፨\n\nተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ በጻማሁ፡ ወለአፈ፡ ወርቅ፡ ብፁዕ፨ እስእለኪ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ በማእከለ፡ ጉቡኣን፡ ሰብእ፨ እምወይነ፡ ቤልኪ፡ እስተይ፡ አርከ፡ ነፍስኪ፡ ጽሙዕ፨ ወረደ፡ ለኪ፡ አኮኑ፡ በእደ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ጽዋዕ፨ ጽዋዕኪሰ፡ ውእቱ፡ ጽኑዕ፨\n\nውዳሴ፡ ይደሉ፡ ለጸጋኪ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሠምራ፡ እምነ፨ እስመ፡ ርድእኒ፡ ጸጋኪ፡ ወጸግውኒ፡ ሥልጣነ፨ ከመ፡ ኢይበሉኒ፡ ፀር፡ በአስተናሥኦ፡ ልሳነ፨ ሕንፃ፡ ውዳሴኪ፡ እንበለ፡ አቅሙ፡ መጠነ፨ ወዘወጠነሰ፡ ፈጽሞተ፡ ስእነ፨","english":"Cleanse me, Krǝstos Śamrā, by your prayer which is beautiful; for the one who has sinned, a servant who has delayed the mountain; by the word of his prayer for Moses, he honored the bones of the fathers; the eyes of Rubel, who dug, are darkened; a garment like hail, white and resembling a grape cluster.\n\nTakla Haymanot, by his fasting, and for the mouth of gold, blessed; I beseech you, Krǝstos Śamrā, in the midst of the gatherings of people; from the wine of Belki, drink, for your soul is thirsty; it descended for you, was it not, by the hand of Mikael, a weapon; your weapon indeed is strong.\n\nPraise is due to your grace, Krǝstos Śamrā, more than; for help me, your grace, and grant me authority; so that my enemies may not say, with the lifting of the tongue; a building of your praise without measuring its extent; and what was attempted, the completion of the garment.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"አንጽሕኒ","severity":"info","text":"The imperative 'cleanse me' (አንጽሕኒ) is a plea for ritual purification, echoing the penitential tone of the malkǝʾ genre.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ሙሴ","severity":"info","text":"Moses (ሙሴ) is invoked as an intercessor who honored the bones of the fathers, possibly alluding to Exodus 13:19 or traditions of Moses retrieving Joseph's bones.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ተክለ ሃይማኖት","severity":"info","text":"Takla Haymanot (ተክለ ሃይማኖት) is a 13th-century Ethiopian saint, founder of the Däbrä Libanos monastery, known for asceticism and miracles.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ጽዋዕ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'weapon' (ጽዋዕ) is used metaphorically for spiritual protection; the line 'your weapon indeed is strong' (ጽዋዕኪሰ ውእቱ ጽኑዕ) reinforces the saint's role as defender.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ውዳሴ","severity":"info","text":"The final stanza begins with 'Praise' (ውዳሴ), marking a structural shift from petition to doxology, typical of the malkǝʾ hymn form.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0299Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Krǝstos Śamrā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0299Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ኢይበሉኒ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'so that my enemies may not say' (ኢይበሉኒ) is textually uncertain; the negative particle ኢ may be a scribal error or dialectal variant.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Belki' (ቤልኪ) is unclear; it may be a place name or a personal name.","The phrase 'the one who has sinned, a servant who has delayed the mountain' is syntactically obscure; the mountain may be a metaphor for a burden or a specific biblical reference."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]}]}