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Work dossier · summary and historical context
Summary
Origen's Adnotationes in Exodum is a fragmentary Greek work of exegetical notes on the Book of Exodus, composed during his Alexandrian period (c. 215–230 CE). Surviving only through catenae and Byzantine florilegia, the text preserves disjointed excerpts that reveal Origen's lexical and moral interpretations, such as distinguishing 'εἴδωλον' from 'ὁμοίωμα' and 'προσκυνεῖν' from 'λατρεύειν'. The work influenced Eastern patristic exegesis and, via Rufinus' translations, medieval Latin commentaries. Attribution of some fragments is debated due to possible interpolation or misassignment from other Alexandrian commentators.
The Adnotationes in Exodum is significant for its precise lexical analysis of key biblical terms (e.g., idol vs. likeness, worship vs. service), which shaped later patristic and medieval exegesis. It exemplifies Origen's pedagogical and moral reading of Scripture, influencing both Eastern catenae and Western commentaries via Rufinus. The work also highlights the challenges of fragmentary transmission and disputed attribution in early Christian literature.
Historical context
Origen (c. 185–253 CE) composed the Adnotationes in Exodum during his Alexandrian period (c. 215–230 CE), a time of intense biblical scholarship and catechetical teaching in Alexandria. The work belongs to the genre of exegetical notes (scholia) on the Septuagint text of Exodus, reflecting Origen's method of verse-by-verse commentary with attention to Greek lexical distinctions and moral application. The original Greek survives only in fragments, preserved in later catenae (chain commentaries) and Byzantine florilegia, which excerpted and rearranged his notes. This fragmentary transmission obscures the original scope and sequence. The work was known in the Latin West through Rufinus' translations, influencing medieval exegesis. Early modern editions, such as Bernard de Montfaucon's publication from codex 534, page 100, attest to its manuscript tradition. The community context is the Alexandrian Christian school, where Origen taught and wrote, engaging with Jewish and Hellenistic interpretive traditions.
term — a Coptic word and the rendering chosen for it
scripture — a biblical quotation or allusion
reception — later use — liturgy, canon law, daughter versions
background — historical or institutional context the text presupposes
caution — uncertainty or a contested reading
transmission — manuscript, edition, lacuna, translation history
Pipeline notes
coverageNo English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed.
limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
registerRegister: other in ancient Greek; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
Origen’s Selections on Exodus.
Chapter 15.
Verse 25. There God set for him ordinances and judgments, and there he tested him. God tests for benefit. For he is inexperienced in evils. But he tests for this reason, so that if they obey him, they may obtain good things and be delivered from evils.
Chapter 20.
Verse 4. You shall not make for yourself an idol. An idol is one thing, and a likeness another. For a likeness is when you make a likeness of a fish or a quadruped or a wild animal, either by craftsmanship or by painting; but an idol is whatever the soul forms and makes from things that do not exist as prototypes—for example, some mixed animal from a human and a horse. Verse 4. As many things as are in the heaven above, and as many as are on the earth below, and as many as are in the waters beneath the earth. You shall not worship them, nor shall you serve them. To worship is one thing, and to serve is another. For he who serves these with his whole soul not only worships but also serves; but he who acts hypocritically and does so out of custom does not serve, but worships. You will find such persons in the book of Numbers, indulging women and worshipping idols. (10) Published by Montfaucon in the Hexapla. It is in codex 534, p. 100.
Chapter 28.
Verse 30. Since it is fitting for the high priest to carry the protective care both in front and behind, like a shield, lest some contrary counsel of the spirits of wickedness wound the rational faculty, disturb the soundness of the judgments, and cause the revelation and the truth to depart through the admixture of evil.
Chapter 31.
Verse 1. And the Lord spoke to Moses. The all-wise God kept Moses for forty whole days to give the law, although he was able to give the law in three days. But so that the time of Moses’ absence might expose the hidden impiety in the depth of the heart of the Jews. Chapter 15.
Verse 25. There God set for him ordinances and judgments, and there he tested him. God tests for benefit. For he is inexperienced in evils. But he tests for this reason, so that if they obey him, they may obtain good things and be delivered from evils. Verse 25. There God set for him ordinances and judgments, and there he tested him. God tests for benefit. For he is inexperienced in evils. But he tests for this reason, so that if they obey him, they may obtain good things and be delivered from evils. Chapter 20.
Verse 4. (10) You shall not make for yourself an idol. An idol is one thing, and a likeness is another. For a likeness is when you make a likeness of a fish, or a quadruped, or a wild beast, either by craftsmanship or by painting; but an idol is whatever the soul fashions by forming from things that do not exist originally, such as some mixed animal from a human and a horse. Verse 4. As many things as are in the heaven above, and as many as are on the earth below, and as many as are in the waters beneath the earth. You shall not worship them, nor shall you serve them. To worship is one thing, and to serve is another. For he who serves these with his whole soul not only worships but also serves; but he who acts hypocritically and does so out of habit does not serve, but worships. You will find such persons in the Book of Numbers, indulging women and worshipping idols. (10) Published by Montfaucon in the Hexapla. It is in codex 534, p. 100. Verse 4. (10) You shall not make for yourself an idol. An idol is one thing, and a likeness is another. For a likeness is when you make a likeness of a fish, or a quadruped, or a wild beast, either by craftsmanship or by painting; but an idol is whatever the soul fashions by forming from things that do not exist originally, such as some mixed animal from a human and a horse. Verse 4. As many things as are in the heaven above, and as many as are on the earth below, and as many as are in the waters beneath the earth. You shall not worship them, nor shall you serve them. To worship is one thing, and to serve is another. For he who serves these with his whole soul not only worships but also serves; but he who acts hypocritically and does so out of habit does not serve, but worships.
You will find such men in the book of Numbers, who gratify women and worship idols. (10) Montfaucon published this in the Hexapla. It is in codex 534, p. 100. Chapter 28.
Verse 30. Since it is fitting for the high priest to carry protective care both in front and behind, like a shield, lest some opposing counsel of the spirits of wickedness wound the rational part and disturb the soundness of judgments and cause the revelation and the truth to withdraw through the admixture of evil. Chapter 31.
Verse 1. And the Lord spoke to Moses. The all-wise God kept Moses for forty whole days to give the law, although he was able to give the law in three days. But so that the time of Moses’ absence might expose the hidden impiety in the depth of the heart of the Jews.
Citation. Tergwame, “Adnotationes in Exodum”, tlg2042.tlg067:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/tlg2042.tlg067#s1