Work dossier · summary and historical context
Bel and the Dragon (Theodotionis versio) is a Greek deuterocanonical addition to the Book of Daniel, preserved in a few Septuagint manuscripts. It recounts two episodes: Daniel exposes the fraud of the priests of Bel, who secretly consume offerings meant for the idol, and later Daniel destroys a dragon worshipped by the Babylonians. The work survives only in Greek, with its original Semitic Vorlage lost. The Theodotionic recension, likely from the 2nd century CE, often replaced the older Septuagint text of Daniel in Byzantine manuscripts. The narrative is considered a folkloric tale emphasizing the power of the living God over man-made idols.
Bel and the Dragon is significant as a late Jewish narrative that critiques idolatry and affirms monotheism, using a folkloric test motif. It relates to the broader Daniel cycle and the Septuagint tradition, illustrating how Jewish stories were adapted in Greek-speaking communities. The Theodotionic version influenced Christian iconography and liturgy, and its survival in only a few manuscripts highlights the textual fluidity of the Septuagint.
Bel and the Dragon was likely composed in the late 2nd century BCE, but the Theodotionic recension dates to the 2nd century CE. The work is part of the Septuagint tradition, which was the Greek translation of Jewish scriptures produced in Alexandria, Egypt, for the Hellenistic Jewish community. The narrative reflects a period of Jewish interaction with Hellenistic culture and Persian or Babylonian folklore. The story is set in the court of Cyrus the Persian, but anachronistically names the Median king Astyages, indicating a conflation of historical traditions. The text was transmitted through Christian manuscript traditions, where Theodotion's revision became standard for Daniel in Byzantine codices. It is considered deuterocanonical in Catholic and Orthodox traditions but is absent from the Hebrew Bible.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
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