ት Tergwame Greek · Coptic · Ethiopic · Syriac · Armenian · Georgian · Latin

Greek · Homilies ·

Encomium in sanctum Polycarpum

John Chrysostom · khazarzar

BothSourceEnglish
JSON Dossier
machine-draft · no human review 3 passages · 668 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

The Encomium in sanctum Polycarpum, traditionally attributed to John Chrysostom, is a Greek homily celebrating the martyrdom of Polycarp of Smyrna. Its authenticity is disputed, with a probable date in the late 4th to early 5th century. The text survives in a single manuscript tradition and is used in Byzantine liturgical commemorations, though it is not part of the standard Menologion. The khazarzar edition, based on printed collations, lacks a critical apparatus, limiting textual analysis. The homily embellishes historical details and should be read as hagiography rather than a primary source.

The encomium illustrates the development of Polycarp's cult in Byzantine liturgy and the rhetorical strategies of late antique hagiography. It relates to the Martyrdom of Polycarp and Chrysostom's homiletic corpus, offering insights into how early Christian martyrs were commemorated and idealized. Its disputed authorship highlights challenges in attributing works to major patristic figures.

Historical context

The homily is set in the late antique Greek-speaking Christian world, likely composed in or near Antioch or Constantinople, where Chrysostom preached. It reflects the veneration of Polycarp, a 2nd-century bishop and apostolic father, whose martyrdom (ca. 155–167) was a model for later hagiography. The text's transmission is obscure; it survives in a single manuscript tradition, with the khazarzar edition collating printed editions rather than early witnesses. The encomium was used in Byzantine liturgical commemorations, indicating its role in shaping Polycarp's cult, though it was not a standard Menologion reading. Its attribution to Chrysostom is questioned due to stylistic and theological differences from his authentic works, and the lack of early manuscript evidence. The homily's anti-Jewish rhetoric and embellished details align with late antique hagiographic conventions, reflecting tensions in Smyrna and broader Christian identity formation.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

18 commentary units 4 scripture3 structure3 background3 reception2 term1 parallel1 caution1 sense 0 derived notes 5 open questions 3 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • coverageNo English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed.
  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: homily in ancient Greek; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 3 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: khazarzar — Migne PG text (public domain); khazarzar host and the digitising project state no licence for this layer

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
khazarzar-john-chrysostom-encomium-in-sanctum-polycarpum:1 · narrativehigh
Source
ΤΟΥ ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ ΕΓΚΩΜΙΟΝ ΕΙΣ ΤΟΝ ΑΓΙΟΝ ΙΕΡΟΜΑΡΤΥΡΑ ΠΟΛΥΚΑΡΠΟΝ. ΕΥΛΟΓΗΣΟΝ. Χαιρέτω καὶ σήμερον, ἀγαπητοί, μᾶλλον δὲ δι' αἰῶνος χαιρέτω τῶν ἁπανταχοῦ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ποιμένων τὸ ἱεροπρεπὲς ἐν Χριστῷ ἀξίωμα. τοῦτο Παῦλος τοῖς Φιλιππησίων ἐπισκόποις σὺν πρεσβυτέροις καὶ διακόνοις ἐπευχόμενος ἔλεγεν Χαίρετε ἐν κυρίῳ πάντοτε, πάλιν ἐρῶ, χαίρετε. χαιρέτω καὶ πάσης τῆς ἐκκλησιαστικῆς καθέδρας ὁ στέφανος τοῖς μαρτύρων στεφάνοις. μᾶλλον δὲ αὐτοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ διὰ Ἡσαΐου λέγοντος Ἰδοὺ τίθημι ἐν Σιὼν λίθον πολυτελῆ, ἐκλεκτόν, ἀκρογωνιαῖον, καὶ ὁ πιστεύων ἐπ' αὐτῷ οὐ μὴ καταισχυνθῇ. ᾠκοδόμησαν τὴν ἐπουράνιον Σιών, ἧς τεχνίτης καὶ δημιουργὸς ὁ θεὸς κατὰ τὸν Παῦλον. διαρρήδην αὐτοὺς ἐγκωμιάζει ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ. ἐπὶ τούτῳ πάλιν ὁ Παῦλος μαρτυρεῖ λέγων Ὑμεῖς ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστε, καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν. Τούτῳ τῷ λίθῳ καὶ ὁ μακάριος σήμερον Πολύκαρπος ἑαυτὸν ἐπῳκοδόμησεν, πειθόμενος τῷ αὐτῷ λέγοντι Οἰκοδομὴ θεοῦ ἐστε, ἐποικοδομηθέντες ἐπὶ τῷ θεμελίῳ τῶν ἀποστόλων καὶ προφητῶν, ὄντος αὐτοῦ ἀκρογωνιαίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. τούτοις ἑαυτὸν ἐποικοδομήσας τοῖς ἁγίοις τὸν τῆς ἀφθαρσίας στέφανον ἀπέλαβεν δραμὼν οὐκ ἀδήλως, ἀλλ' ὑπωπιάσας τὸ σῶμα καὶ δουλαγωγήσας. οὗτος τοῖς μετ' αὐτὸν ἐρχομένοις ἐπὶ τὸ μαρτύριον δι' αἰῶνος κάλλιστον κατέλιπεν μνημόσυνον· αἰώνιον γὰρ μένει ὁ δίκαιος. καὶ πᾶς ὁ τῆς πανηγύρεως ὅμιλος ἡσθεὶς θέλει μαθεῖν, πῶς οὐκ ἐφοβήθη τὴν ματαίαν καὶ πονηρὰν ἀκωκὴν τοῦ διαβόλου, πάνυ μετὰ ἀκριβείας. Εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ στάδιον. εἰσελθὼν παρὰ τοῦ ἀνθυπάτου ἐδελεάζετο λόγοις ἀπατηλοῖς·
English
Of Chrysostom, Encomium on the Holy Hieromartyr Polycarp. Bless. Let it rejoice even today, beloved, or rather through all ages let the hieropreptic dignity in Christ of the shepherds of the church everywhere rejoice. This Paul, praying for the bishops of the Philippians together with presbyters and deacons, said: Rejoice in the Lord always, I will say again, rejoice. Let the crown of every ecclesiastical see also rejoice with the crowns of the martyrs. Or rather, of God himself speaking through Isaiah: Behold, I place in Zion a precious stone, chosen, a cornerstone, and he who believes in it shall not be put to shame. They built the heavenly Zion, whose craftsman and creator is God according to Paul. He openly praises them in the Holy Spirit. On this, again, Paul bears witness saying: You are the temple of God, and his spirit dwells in you. Upon this stone the blessed Polycarp also today built himself, obeying the same who says: You are a building of God, built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Jesus Christ himself being the cornerstone. Having built himself upon these holy ones, he received the crown of incorruption, running not obscurely, but having subdued and enslaved the body. He left for those coming after him to martyrdom through all ages a most beautiful memorial; for the righteous man remains eternal. And the whole crowd of the festival, rejoicing, wishes to learn how he did not fear the vain and wicked sting of the devil, with great precision. He entered the stadium. Having entered, he was enticed by the proconsul with deceptive words.
khazarzar-john-chrysostom-encomium-in-sanctum-polycarpum:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ὁμολογήσαντα δὲ ἔφθειρεν ἡ κατηγορία τὸν προγενῆ. εἶτα τῶν ὄχλων μετὰ σπουδῆς συναγόντων ἐκ τῶν ἐργαστηρίων ξύλα καὶ φρύγανα, καὶ μάλιστα Ἰουδαίων... πνεύματος. Στέφανος δὲ πρὸς αὐτοὺς διαλεγόμενος Τίνα, φησίν, τῶν προφητῶν οὐκ ἀπέκτειναν οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν; τοὺς προκαταγγείλαντας περὶ τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ Χριστοῦ.... τοῦ πυρὸς ὀργάνοις ὁ μάρτυς, προσηλοῦν ἤθελον τὸν τὰ κέντρα τοῦ διαβόλου θραύσαντα διὰ τῆς εἰς Χριστὸν ὁμολογίας. ὁ δὲ μακάριος Πολύκαρπος Ἐάσατε, φησίν, οὕτως· ὁ γὰρ τὴν ὑπομονὴν χαριζόμενος ἀξιώσει τῶν ἥλων ἐκτὸς ἄσκυλτον τηρῆσαι τὸ σῶμα. ὅμως οὐ καθήλωσαν, προσέδησαν δὲ τὸν δίκαιον. εἶτα ὡς ὀπίσω τὰς χεῖρας ποιήσας προσδεθεὶς τὸ ἐνεργὸν εἰς ἀεὶ ἀμὴν δεόμενος οὕτως ὁλοκαύτωμα τῷ θεῷ ἑαυτὸν παρέστησεν. Εἶτα δὲ τῆς πυρᾶς ἁφθείσης θαῦμα μαγικὸν ἐγένετο τοῖς ὁρῶσιν. τὸ γὰρ πῦρ εἰς ὕψος ἐπαρθὲν ἐκορυφοῦτο καμάρας εἶδος ποιοῦν, καὶ χαλκοειδὲς γενόμενον ἐκύκλωσε τὸ σῶμα τοῦ μάρτυρος, οὐκ ἀφώρισεν τοῦτο ἀπὸ ὑδάτων, ἀλλὰ λαμπρότατον ἀπέφηνε. λεγέτω καὶ νῦν Ἡσαΐας ὁ προφήτης τῷ διὰ Χριστὸν πονησαμένῳ μάρτυρι Κἂν διὰ πυρὸς διέλθῃς, ἡ φλὸξ οὐ κατακαύσει σε. Τέλος ἰδόντες οἱ τοῦ πυρὸς ἄνθρωποι οὐ δυνάμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς δαπανηθῆναι τὸν μακάριον Πολίκαρπον, ὠθῆσαι ἐκέλευσαν εἰς τὸ σῶμα τοῦ μάρτυρος ξίφει στέρνης ἔνδον ἅπαξ ἕνα. ὠθήσαντος ἐκείνου ἐτρώθη τὸ ἅγιον αὐτοῦ σῶμα, ἵνα λοιπὸν ἐν οὐρανοῖς οἰκοίη τὸ πνεῦμα. εἶτα ὡς αἷμα ἐξῆλθεν. τ έχ διήνοιξε τὴν πλευράν, ἐξελθεῖν φασὶν περιστερὰν καὶ πλῆθος αἱματοειδές·
English
The one who confessed, the earlier accusation destroyed. Then, as the crowds eagerly gathered wood and brush from the workshops, and especially the Jews... of spirit. But Stephen, discoursing with them, says, Which of the prophets did your fathers not kill? Those who foretold concerning the coming of Christ.... With the instruments of fire, the martyr, they wished to nail the one who had shattered the goads of the devil through his confession in Christ. But the blessed Polycarp says, Let it be thus; for the one who grants endurance will deem it worthy to keep the body unplundered without nails. Nevertheless, they did not nail him, but bound the righteous man. Then, having his hands bound behind him as if in prayer, beseeching the ever-active amen, he thus presented himself as a whole burnt offering to God. Then, when the pyre was kindled, a miraculous wonder occurred to the onlookers. For the fire, rising to a height, formed a vault-like shape, and becoming bronze-like, encircled the body of the martyr; it did not separate this from the waters, but rendered it most radiant. Let the prophet Isaiah now say to the martyr who labored for Christ, Even if you pass through fire, the flame will not consume you. Finally, when the men of the fire saw that the blessed Polycarp could not be consumed by the fire, they ordered that a sword be thrust once into the body of the martyr, within the breast. When that one thrust, his holy body was wounded, so that the spirit might henceforth dwell in the heavens. Then, as blood came forth, they say that when he opened the side, a dove and a blood-like multitude came out.
khazarzar-john-chrysostom-encomium-in-sanctum-polycarpum:3 · narrativemedium
Source
τὸν μέγαν Πολύκαρπον ἀδελφοὶ ἰδόντες οὐρανομήκη χ τούτου πνεύματος τ ἄξιον ὁμηγύριος εὐλόγησεν ὄχλος βοῶν Ὁ μακάριος ἐγγὺς τοῦ θεοῦ ἔσται καὶ οἰκεῖ ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Ταῖς εὐπραγίαις σου τοίνυν ἐγγίσαιμι, μακάριε Πολύκαρπε. πάνυ ωνημ ησι πρὸς κύριον νημωνε εν. των π πο μεν π·ρ τοῦ ωσον την ντ· τουι θε αν τατο εὐσεβῆ αὔξεσθαι καὶ προκόπτειν διὰ τῆς διδασκαλίας πρὸς τὴν εὐσέβειαν θελήσειν, ἵνα οὕτως πολιτευσάμενοι καταξιωθῶμεν τῆς τῶν οὐρανῶν λήξεως ταῖς εὐχαῖς καὶ πρεσβείαις σου καὶ πάντων τῶν συναθλησάντων σοι χάριτι Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ ἡ δόξα τῷ πατρὶ σὺν τῷ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. ἀμήν.
English
Having seen the great Polycarp, brothers, a crowd worthy of his spirit, reaching to the heavens, blessed him, crying out, "The blessed one will be near God and dwell in the heavens." By your good deeds, then, may I draw near, blessed Polycarp. I earnestly desire, before the Lord, that through your teaching the pious may increase and advance toward piety, so that, having lived thus, we may be deemed worthy of the inheritance of the heavens, through your prayers and intercessions and those of all who contended alongside you, by the grace of Christ, with whom glory is to the Father together with the Holy Spirit, unto the ages of ages. Amen.
Citation. Tergwame, “Encomium in sanctum Polycarpum”, khazarzar-john-chrysostom-encomium-in-sanctum-polycarpum:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/khazarzar-john-chrysostom-encomium-in-sanctum-polycarpum#s1
Colophon. Source: khazarzar · licence: Migne PG text (public domain); khazarzar host and the digitising project state no licence for this layer · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0020 · generated 2026-11-15.