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Ad Innocentium papam ii

John Chrysostom · khazarzar

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machine-draft · no human review 3 passages · 680 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

The letter Ad Innocentium papam ii, attributed to John Chrysostom, is a spurious work addressed to Pope Innocent II (r. 1130–1143), long after Chrysostom's death in 407. It likely originated in a Byzantine polemical context following the East-West Schism, aiming to claim Chrysostom's authority for papal primacy. No manuscript predates the 12th century, and the text survives only in later printed editions without critical apparatus. The work reflects medieval Latin-Greek controversies rather than 4th-century realities, and its attribution is universally rejected by scholars. The edition on khazarzar provides no translation, commentary, or manuscript evidence, leaving its textual basis uncertain.

The letter illustrates how medieval polemicists forged patristic authority to support contemporary ecclesiastical positions, particularly papal primacy. It is a key example of pseudo-Chrysostomica, showing the manipulation of Chrysostom's legacy in East-West controversies. The work's survival in printed editions without manuscript basis highlights the challenges of verifying medieval forgeries.

Historical context

The letter is a forgery from the medieval period, likely composed in a Byzantine or Latin milieu after the Great Schism of 1054. It addresses Pope Innocent II (1130–1143), a time of heightened tension between the Latin and Greek churches, including disputes over papal primacy. The work attempts to retroject Chrysostom's authority into these debates, falsely presenting him as a supporter of Roman supremacy. No Greek manuscript earlier than the 12th century is known, and the text's transmission is obscure, surviving only in later printed editions. The content reflects post-Schism polemics, not Chrysostom's own 4th-century context of exile and correspondence with Pope Innocent I. The forgery likely circulated among Latin canonists or Greek unionists seeking to bolster papal claims.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

17 commentary units 4 background3 term3 structure2 sense2 reception1 caution1 dating1 parallel 0 derived notes 4 open questions 3 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • coverageNo English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed.
  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in ancient Greek; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 3 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: khazarzar — Migne PG text (public domain); khazarzar host and the digitising project state no licence for this layer

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
khazarzar-john-chrysostom-ad-innocentium-papam-ii:1 · narrativehigh
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ΙΝΝΟΚΕΝΤΙΩ, ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΩ ΡΩΜΗΣ, Ἰωάννης ἐν Κυρίῳ χαίρειν. Τὸ μὲν σῶμα ἡμῖν ἐν ἑνὶ ἵδρυται χωρίῳ, τῆς δὲ ἀγάπης τὸ πτερὸν πανταχοῦ τῆς οἰκουμένης περιίπταται. Ὅταν καὶ ἡμεῖς ὁδοῦ τοσούτῳ διῳκισμένοι μήκει, πλησίον τῆς εὐλαβείας ὑμῶν ἐσμεν, καὶ καθ' ἑκάστην ὑμῖν συγγινόμεθα τὴν ἡμέραν, ὀφθαλμοῖς τοῖς ἐκείνης βλέποντες ὑμῶν τὴν ἀνδρείαν τῆς ψυχῆς, τὸ γνήσιον τῆς διαθέσεως, τὸ στεῤῥὸν, τὸ ἀπερίτρεπτον, τὴν πολλὴν ὑμῶν παράκλησιν καὶ διαρκῆ καὶ μόνιμον. Ὅσῳ γὰρ τὰ τῶν κυμάτων ἐπὶ πλεῖον αἴρεται, καὶ πλείους ὕφαλοι καὶ σπιλάδες φύονται, καὶ πολλαὶ αἱ καταιγίδες, τοσούτῳ καὶ τὰ τῆς ἀγρυπνίας αὔξει τὰ τῆς ὑμετέρας· καὶ οὐχ ὁδοῦ μῆκος τοσοῦτον, οὐ χρόνου πλῆθος, οὐ δυσκολία πραγμάτων ὑπτίους γενέσθαι ὑμᾶς παρεσκεύασεν· ἀλλὰ μένετε μιμούμενοι τοὺς ἀρίστους τῶν κυβερνητῶν, οἳ τότε μάλιστα διεγείρονται, ὅταν ἴδωσι τὰ κύματα κορυφούμενα, τὴν θάλατταν ἐπὶ μεῖζον φερομένην, πολὺν τῶν ὑδάτων τὸν πάταγον, βαθυτάτην ἐν ἡμέρᾳ νύκτα. Διὸ καὶ χάριτας ὑμῖν ἴσμεν πολλὰς, καὶ ἐπιθυμοῦμεν καὶ νιφάδας ὑμῖν πέμπειν γραμμάτων, ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς τὰ μέγιστα χαριζόμενοι. Ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ τοῦτο ἀφῃρήμεθα παρὰ τῆς τοῦ τόπου ἐρημίας· οὐδὲ γὰρ μόνον τῶν ἐκεῖσε ἀφικνουμένων, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τῶν ἐν τῇ καθ' ἡμᾶς οἰκουμένῃ διατριβόντων, δύναιτ' ἄν τις ῥᾳδίως ἡμῖν συγγενέσθαι, διά τε τὸ πόῤῥω καὶ πρὸς αὐτὰς τὰς ἐσχατιὰς κεῖσθαι τὸ χωρίον ἐν ᾧ καθείργμεθα, καὶ διὰ τὸν λῃστρικὸν φόβον πᾶσαν ἀποτειχίζοντα τὴν ὁδόν· παρακαλοῦμεν ἐλεεῖν μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς τῆς μακρᾶς σιγῆς, ἢ ῥᾳθυμίαν ἐντεῦθεν καταγινώσκειν ἡμῶν.
English
To Innocentius, Bishop of Rome, John sends greetings in the Lord. Our body is fixed in one place, but the wing of love flies everywhere throughout the inhabited world. Although we are separated by such a great length of road, we are near to your reverence and associate with you every day, seeing with the eyes of that love your courage of soul, your genuine disposition, your steadfastness, your unshakable nature, your abundant consolation, enduring and constant. For the more the waves rise, the more reefs and rocks appear, and the more numerous the squalls, the more your vigilance increases; and neither such a length of road, nor the passage of time, nor the difficulty of affairs has made you become supine. But you remain, imitating the best of helmsmen, who are then most roused when they see the waves cresting, the sea swelling higher, the great roar of the waters, the deepest night in daytime. Therefore we are very grateful to you, and we desire to send you showers of letters, granting ourselves the greatest favor. But since we are deprived of this by the desolation of the place—for not only those who arrive there, but not even those who dwell in our part of the inhabited world could easily associate with us, both because the place in which we are confined lies far off and at the very extremities, and because the fear of brigands blocks the entire road—we ask that you rather pity us for our long silence than condemn us for negligence on that account.
khazarzar-john-chrysostom-ad-innocentium-papam-ii:2 · narrativehigh
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Ὅτι γὰρ οὐκ ὀλιγωροῦντες ἐσιγήσαμεν, ἐπιλαβόμενοι διὰ πολλοῦ τοῦ χρόνου νῦν τοῦ τιμιωτάτου καὶ ἀγαπητοῦ Ἰωάννου τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου, καὶ Παύλου τοῦ διακόνου, καὶ γράφομεν, καὶ εὐχαριστοῦντες ὑμῖν οὐ διαλιμπάνομεν, ὅτι πατέρας φιλοστόργους ἀπεκρύψατε τῇ περὶ ἡμᾶς εὐνοίᾳ τε καὶ σπουδῇ. Καὶ τὸ μὲν εἰς τὴν εὐλάβειαν ἧκον τὴν ὑμετέραν, τὴν προσήκουσαν διόρθωσιν εἴληφεν ἅπαντα, καὶ ὁ φορυτὸς τῶν κακῶν καὶ τὰ σκάνδαλα ἀνῄρηται, καὶ αἱ Ἐκκλησίαι εἰρήνης ἀπήλαυσαν καὶ λευκῆς γαλήνης, καὶ πάντα κατὰ ῥοῦν φέρεται, καὶ καταφρονηθέντες ἐξεδικήθησαν νόμοι, καὶ θεσμοὶ πατέρων παραβαθέντες. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν οὐδὲν τούτων γέγονε, τῶν τὰ πρότερα τολμησάντων τοῖς προτέροις ἐπαγωνιζομένων ἔτι παρανομήμασιν, ἅπαντα μὲν τὰ παρ' αὐτῶν μετὰ ταῦτα γεγενημένα καθ' ἕκαστον διηγήσασθαι παρίημι· καὶ γὰρ ἱστορίας ὑπερβαίνει μέτρον, οὐκ ἐπιστολῆς μόνον, ἡ διήγησις· ἐκεῖνο δὲ παρακαλῶ τὴν ἄγρυπνον ὑμῶν ψυχὴν, κἂν οἱ πάντα θορύβων ἐμπλήσαντες ἀμετανόητα νοσῶσι καὶ ἀνίατα, αὐτοὺς τοὺς θεραπεῦσαι αὐτὰ ἑλομένους μὴ περικακῆσαι, μηδὲ ἀπαγορεῦσαι, τὸ μέγεθος τοῦ κατορθώματος ἐννοήσαντας. Καὶ γὰρ ὑπὲρ τῆς οἰκουμένης σχεδὸν ἁπάσης ὁ παρὼν ὑμῖν ἀγὼν πρόκειται, ὑπὲρ Ἐκκλησιῶν εἰς γόνυ κατενεχθεισῶν, ὑπὲρ λαῶν διασπαρέντων, ὑπὲρ κλήρων πολεμουμένων, ὑπὲρ ἐπισκόπων φυγαδευομένων, ὑπὲρ θεσμῶν πατέρων παραβαθέντων. Διὸ καὶ παρακαλοῦμεν ὑμῶν τὴν ἐμμέλειαν, καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δὶς καὶ πολλάκις, ὅσῳ πλείων ἡ ζάλη, τοσούτῳ πλείονα ἐπιδείξασθαι τὴν σπουδήν. Προσδοκῶμεν γὰρ καὶ ἔσεσθαί τι πλέον εἰς διόρθωσιν.
English
land, the wing of love is not hindered. For we have not been silent through negligence, but after a long interval we now take hold of the most honorable and beloved John the presbyter and Paul the deacon, and we write, and we do not cease giving thanks to you, because you have concealed affectionate fathers by your goodwill and zeal toward us. And everything that pertained to your reverence has received the appropriate correction, and the rubbish of evils and the scandals have been removed, and the Churches have enjoyed peace and bright calm, and everything is borne along smoothly, and laws that were despised have been avenged, and the institutions of the fathers that were transgressed. But since in actual fact none of these things has happened, with those who dared the former deeds still contending for their earlier transgressions, I pass over recounting in detail everything that has been done by them subsequently; for the narrative exceeds the measure not only of a letter but of a history. But I entreat your vigilant soul, even if those who have filled everything with uproar are incurably and unrepentantly sick, not to lose heart or give up regarding those who have chosen to heal these things, considering the magnitude of the achievement. For the present struggle before you concerns almost the whole inhabited world, for Churches brought to their knees, for peoples scattered, for clergy under attack, for bishops driven into exile, for the institutions of the fathers transgressed. Therefore we entreat your diligence, once and twice and many times, that the greater the storm, the greater the zeal you show. For we expect that something more will come about for correction.
khazarzar-john-chrysostom-ad-innocentium-papam-ii:3 · narrativehigh
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Εἰ δ' ἄρα μὴ τοῦτο γένοιτο, ἀλλ' ὑμεῖς ἀπηρτισμένον ἔχετε τὸν στέφανον παρὰ τοῦ φιλανθρώπου Θεοῦ, καὶ τοῖς ἀδικουμένοις οὐ μικρὰ τοῦτο ἔσται παράκλησις, τῆς ὑμετέρας ἀγάπης ἡ ἔνστασις· ἐπεὶ καὶ ἡμᾶς τρίτον ἔτος τοῦτο ἐν ἐξορίᾳ διατρίβοντας, λιμῷ, λοιμῷ, πολέμοις, πολιορκίαις συνεχέσιν, ἐρημίᾳ ἀφάτῳ, θανάτῳ καθημερινῷ, μαχαίραις Ἰσαυρικαῖς ἐκδεδομένους, οὐχ ὡς ἔτυχε παρακαλεῖ καὶ παραμυθεῖται τὸ διαρκὲς καὶ μόνιμον ὑμῶν τῆς διαθέσεως καὶ τῆς παῤῥησίας, καὶ τὸ δαψιλεῖ καὶ γνησίᾳ οὕτως ἐντρυφᾷν ὑμῶν τῇ ἀγάπῃ. Τοῦτο ἡμῖν τεῖχος, τοῦτο ἀσφάλεια, τοῦτο λιμὴν ἀκύμαντος, τοῦτο θησαυρὸς μυρίων ἀγαθῶν, τοῦτο εὐφροσύνη, καὶ πολλῆς ἡδονῆς ὑπόθεσις. Κἂν εἰς ἐρημότερον τούτου πάλιν ἀπενεχθῶμεν χωρίον, οὐ μικρὰν ταύτην ἔχοντες παράκλησιν τῶν παθημάτων ἡμῶν ἄπιμεν.
English
If this should not happen, but you have already received the perfect crown from the benevolent God, this will be no small consolation to the wronged—the steadfastness of your love. For we, now spending this third year in exile, beset by famine, plague, wars, constant sieges, indescribable desolation, daily death, and delivered to Isaurian swords, are not casually consoled and comforted by the enduring and constant nature of your disposition and your frankness, and by the fact that we so abundantly and genuinely revel in your love. This is our wall, this our security, this a harbor without waves, this a treasure of countless goods, this joy, and the foundation of great pleasure. And if we are carried off again to a place more desolate than this, we depart having this as no small consolation for our sufferings.
Citation. Tergwame, “Ad Innocentium papam ii”, khazarzar-john-chrysostom-ad-innocentium-papam-ii:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/khazarzar-john-chrysostom-ad-innocentium-papam-ii#s1
Colophon. Source: khazarzar · licence: Migne PG text (public domain); khazarzar host and the digitising project state no licence for this layer · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0020 · generated 2026-11-15.