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De trinitate

Didymus the Blind · khazarzar

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machine-draft · no human review 204 passages · 56,896 words

About this work

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

De trinitate by Didymus the Blind survives only in fragments, chiefly through citations in later authors such as Theodoret and the Second Council of Constantinople (553). No complete Greek manuscript is extant. The work is generally assigned to the late 4th century based on Didymus’s lifetime (c. 313–398) and doctrinal content, but its composition date remains uncertain. The present edition (khazarzar) is a digital compilation of fragments and testimonia without a critical apparatus or stemma, limiting verification of source manuscripts or editorial decisions.

De trinitate is a key witness to late 4th-century Alexandrian Trinitarian theology and anti-Arian polemic. Its fragmentary survival illustrates the impact of the Origenist controversy on textual transmission. The work influenced later Greek and Syriac authors, and its citations in conciliar acts and patristic florilegia provide indirect evidence for Didymus’s thought, despite the loss of the original manuscript.

Historical context

Didymus the Blind (c. 313–398) was a prominent Alexandrian theologian and head of the catechetical school. He wrote extensively on Trinitarian theology, opposing Arian subordinationism. De trinitate likely dates to the late 4th century, though no external witness fixes its composition precisely. The work survives only in fragments, preserved through citations by Theodoret of Cyrus (5th c.) and the acts of the Second Council of Constantinople (553), which posthumously condemned Didymus as an Origenist. This condemnation limited direct transmission of his works, but his Trinitarian theology influenced later Greek and Syriac authors. The original Greek text is lost; the present digital edition compiles fragments and testimonia without a critical apparatus, making it difficult to verify source manuscripts or editorial decisions.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

1220 commentary units 587 scripture176 term166 background122 structure69 caution48 reception41 sense10 parallel1 dating 6 derived notes 346 open questions 204 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • coverageNo English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed.
  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Greek; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in ancient Greek; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 204 narrative.
  • scripture6 scriptural phrase match(es) noted: John 1:1; John 1:14; John 1:29; John 4:10; Luke 1:28; Luke 2:14.
  • sourceSource edition: khazarzar.

Term index

SourceRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
khazarzar-didymus-the-blind-de-trinitate:201 · narrativemedium
Source · Greek

ἱκετεύσατε ἰδικῶς ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ καὶ τῶν ἐξ ἐμοῦ καὶ σὺν ἐμοὶ καὶ πάντων τούτου γὰρ

πλέον παρέχειν ἡμῖν οὐκ ἐπετράπητε, τήν τε ἐπὶ τούτῳ γνώμην διατηρηθῆναί μοι ἀκίνητον, τήν τε εὐχὴν ἐπ' ἄπειρον κατορθοῦσα ἀγαθωτάτη καὶ αὐτοτελὴς καὶ ἀδιαίρετος τρίας, προσδεχθῆναι· καὶ καταξιωθῆναι ἡμᾶς παντεκνεὶ, πανοικεὶ, παγγενεὶ καὶ παμφιλεὶ φίλοι δὲ ἡμῖν οἱ ὀρθόδοξοι σὺν ὑμῖν τε καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς ἁγίοις ἁγιοτρισσολογῆσαι αὐτὴν ἐν οὐρανοῖς εἰς τοὺς ἀπεράντους αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων καὶ τῆς ἐπηγγελμένης καὶ πρὸς ἡμῶν πιστευομένης ἀτελευτήτου καὶ ἀδιαιρέτου αὐτῆς βασιλείας χάριν αὐτῆς τυχεῖν. ἀμήν, ἀμήν, ἀμήν. 7.ν ὅτι σὺν τῷ Χριστῷ κρίνειν μέλλει τὰ πάντα ἀλλ' ὥρα γὰρ εἰς τὴν ἀρχθεῖσαν ὑπόθεσιν αὖθις οὖν τείνεσθαι, ὅτι σὺν τῷ Χριστῷ, ἅτε θεὸς καὶ δημιουργός, τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα κρίνειν μέλλει τὰ πάντα. τίνος γὰρ καὶ ἔστιν κρίναι ἢ τοῦ κοινωνίαν ἔχοντος πρὸς τὸν ποιήσαντα αὐτά, θεότητος καὶ βασιλείας; ὡς προφητεύει Ἠσαῖας μέν· «ἐξελεύσεται ῥάβδος ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης Ἰεσσαὶ καὶ ἄνθος ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης ἀναβήσεται. καὶ ἀναπαύσεται ἐπ' αὐτὸν πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ, πνεῦμα σοφίας καὶ συνέσεως, πνεῦμα βουλῆς καὶ ἰσχύος, πνεῦμα γνώσεως καὶ εὐσεβείας· καὶ ἐμπλήσει αὐτὸν πνεῦμα φόβου θεοῦ. οὐ κατὰ τὴν δόξαν κρινεῖ οὐδὲ κατὰ τὴν λαλιὰν ἐλέγξει·

English

Plead specifically on behalf of me and those from me and with me and of all; for you were not permitted to provide us with more than this, that the opinion concerning this be preserved for me unmoved, and that the prayer, ever succeeding to infinity, most good and self-perfect and undivided Trinity, be accepted; and that we be deemed worthy, wholly, with all household, with all family, and with all friends—for the orthodox are friends to us—together with you and with all the saints, to glorify her as thrice-holy in the heavens into the endless ages of ages, and to obtain by her grace the promised and by us believed, unending and undivided kingdom of hers. Amen, amen, amen. 7. That with Christ he is to judge all things. But it is time, then, to stretch again to the subject that was begun, that with Christ, since he is God and creator, the Holy Spirit is to judge all things. For whose is it to judge except that of him who has communion with the one who made them, of divinity and kingdom? As Isaiah prophesies: "A rod will come out from the root of Jesse, and a flower from the root will arise. And the spirit of God will rest upon him, a spirit of wisdom and understanding, a spirit of counsel and might, a spirit of knowledge and piety; and the spirit of fear of God will fill him. He will not judge according to opinion nor reprove according to speech.

khazarzar-didymus-the-blind-de-trinitate:202 · narrativehigh
Source · Greek

ἀλλὰ κρινεῖ ταπεινῷ κρίσιν καὶ ἐλέγξει τοὺς ὑπερηφάνους καὶ ἐξελεῖται τοὺς ταπεινοὺς τῆς γῆς, καὶ πατάξει τὴν γῆν τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ στόματος αὐ τοῦ καὶ ἐν πνεύματι διὰ χειλέων ἀνελεῖ ἀσεβεῖς.» ῥάβδον καὶ ἄνθος ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης Ἰεσσαὶ λέγει τὸν ἐξ αὐτῆς ἐν τῇ ἐνανθρωπήσει βλαστήσαντα καὶ τῇ ἑαυτοῦ εὐωδίᾳ τὴν ὑφήλιον ῥώσαντα, ἐφ' ὃν εἴδομεν ἐν εὐαγγελίοις ἀναπαυσάμενον τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, κριτὴν δὲ αὐτὸν σὺν τῷ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ παρουσίᾳ ἰδεῖν περιμενόμενον. τοῦτο γὰρ σημαίνει τό τε: «ἐν πνεύματι διὰ χειλέων ἀνελεῖ ἀσεβεῖς», καὶ τὸ ἀλλαχοῦ εἰρημένον τῷ αὐτῷ προφήτῃ· «ἐν πνεύματι κρίσεως καὶ ἐν πνεύματι καύσεως.» Δαυὶδ δὲ ἐν ρληʹ ψαλμῷ φησιν· «ποῦ πορευθῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματός σου; καὶ ἀπὸ προσώπου σου ποῦ φύγω»; τό· «ποῦ πορευθῶ» καὶ «ποῦ φύγω» πλατεῖαν ἔχει ἔμφασιν· σημαίνει γὰρ πανταχοῦ παρεῖναι καὶ κριτὴν ὑπάρχειν τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα. «φοβερόν», γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς, κατὰ τὸν ἀπόστολον, «ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς χεῖρας θεοῦ ζῶντος», τοῦ λέγοντος, ἐν μθʹ ψαλμῷ· «ἐλέγξω καὶ παραστήσω κατὰ πρόσωπόν σου τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου.» καὶ τοῦ Μιχαίου δὲ ἡ μικρῷ πρόσθεν λεχθεῖσα προφητεία καὶ εἰς τόδε συντελεῖ τὸ κεφάλαιον. ποίαν δὲ ἀπόδειξιν ἂν εἴποι τις ἰσχυροτέραν εἰς τοῦτο τοῦ καὶ σωτῆρα παρ' Ἰωάννῃ λέγειν περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος· «ἐλθὼν ἐκεῖνος ἐλέγξει τὸν κόσμον περὶ ἁμαρτίας καὶ περὶ δικαιο σύνης καὶ περὶ κρίσεως»;

English

But he will judge with a humble judgment and will convict the proud, and will lift up the humble from the earth, and will strike the earth with the word of his mouth and will destroy the impious by the spirit through his lips. "Rod and flower from the root of Jesse" he calls the one who sprouted from her in the incarnation and who filled the inhabited world with his own fragrance, upon whom we saw in the Gospels the Holy Spirit resting, and he is awaited to be seen as judge together with the Holy Spirit at the second coming. For this is what is signified both by: "by the spirit through his lips he will destroy the impious," and by what is said elsewhere by the same prophet: "by the spirit of judgment and by the spirit of burning." And David in Psalm 138 says: "Where shall I go from your spirit? And from your face where shall I flee?" The phrases "where shall I go" and "where shall I flee" have a broad implication; for they signify that the Holy Spirit is present everywhere and is judge. For it is truly "fearful," according to the Apostle, "to fall into the hands of the living God," who says in Psalm 49: "I will convict and set before your face your sins." And the prophecy of Micah, spoken a little earlier, also contributes to this point. And what stronger proof could one offer for this than that the Savior says in John concerning the Holy Spirit: "When he comes, he will convict the world concerning sin and concerning righteousness and concerning judgment"?

khazarzar-didymus-the-blind-de-trinitate:203 · narrativehigh
Source · Greek

7.ν ὅτι ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ πνεύματος Ἐλύμαν τὸν μάγον ἐξετύφλωσεν ὅτι ἐν τῇ ὑπερβαλλούσῃ δυνάμει τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ὁ Παῦλος ἐν Κύπρῳ Ἐλύμαν τὸν μάγον, ἐπιστρατεύοντα τοῖς ἁγίοις καὶ λυμαινόμενον τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, ἐξετύφλωσεν λόγῳ. τοῦ πνεύματος γὰρ εἶναι τὴν δύναμιν δεικνῦσα ἡ γραφή, λέγει αὐτοῖς ὀνόμασιν οὕτως· «τότε ὁ Παῦλος πλησθεὶς πνεύματος ἁγίου, εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν· ἰδοὺ χεὶρ κυρίου ἐπὶ σὲ καὶ ἔσῃ τυφλὸς μὴ βλέπων τὸν ἥλιον.» ἀληθῶς γὰρ οὐκ αὐτόν, μὴ ἔχοντα τοῦ πνεύματος τὴν πάντα ἐνεργοῦσαν δύναμιν, ἀνθρώπου μαγγανείαις σώζοντος καὶ δαίμοσι πεποιθότος τὸ βλέπειν ῥήματι ἀποσβέσαι. 7.ν ὅτι τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ παναγίου πνεύματος ἀνεῳχθέντες οἱ οὐρανοὶ ὤφθησαν τῷ ὁσίῳ Στεφάνῳ. ὅτι τῇ δυνάμει καὶ χάριτι τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἀναπτυχθέντες οἱ οὐρανοὶ ὤφθησαν τῷ διπλοῦς στεφάνους ἀναδησαμένῳ ἀποστολῆς καὶ μαρτυρίου. φησὶν γάρ· «Στέφανος πλησθεὶς πνεύματος ἁγίου εἶδεν τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἀνεῳγμένους.» ὥστε εἶναι τὸ ὑπὸ ἀρχαίου εἰρομένον· οὐρανόθεν δ' ἄρ' ὑπερράγη ἄσπετος αἰθήρ. 7.ν ὅτι προγνώστης ὅτι προγινώσκει, ὡς ὁ πατὴρ καὶ ὁ υἱός· μόνης δὲ θεϊκῆς φύσεώς ἐστιν, ἀκριβῶς εἰδέναι τὰ μέλλοντα. ἡ γὰρ κτίσις πάντα μὲν τὰ ἀφ' ἑαυτῆς στοχαστικὰ προφέρει, ἐκεῖνο δὲ μόνον ἀπλανῶς καὶ ἀπαραβάτως προβλέπει, ὃ αὐτὴν διδάξῃ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα. ταῖς γὰρ

English

7.ν that Paul, by the power of the Spirit, blinded Elymas the magician; that by the surpassing power of the Holy Spirit, Paul in Cyprus blinded Elymas the magician, who was warring against the saints and corrupting the truth, with a word. For the Scripture, showing that the power belongs to the Spirit, speaks in these very words: "Then Paul, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to him: 'Behold, the hand of the Lord is upon you, and you shall be blind, not seeing the sun.'" For truly, not by his own power, lacking the all-activating power of the Spirit, could he extinguish the sight of a man who was saving by magical arts and trusting in demons, with a word. 7.ν that by the power of the all-holy Spirit the heavens were opened and appeared to the holy Stephen. That by the power and grace of the Holy Spirit the heavens were unfolded and appeared to him who bound on double crowns of apostleship and martyrdom. For it says: "Stephen, filled with the Holy Spirit, saw the heavens opened." So that the ancient saying holds: "From heaven, then, the boundless ether burst forth." 7.ν that he is a foreknower, that he foreknows, as the Father and the Son do; but it belongs only to the divine nature to know the future precisely. For creation brings forth all things that are conjectural from itself, but it foresees without error and without deviation only that which the Holy Spirit teaches it. For

khazarzar-didymus-the-blind-de-trinitate:204 · narrativehigh
Source · Greek

θείαις ἀκτῖσιν αὐτοῦ μονονουχὶ τὰς ἐν οὐρανῷ καταλάμπον δυνάμεις, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἡμετέρων ψυχῶν ἀπολαμπρύνον τὰ ὄμματα, ὑποδείκνυσί τε πολλάκις διαφόρως τὰ μέλλοντα καὶ συγχωρεῖ δι' οἰκείαν ἀγαθότητα καὶ φιλανθρωπίαν τὰ πρὸς τὸ χρήσιμον συντελοῦντα τῇ ἀνθρωπείᾳ φύσει ἐκ λέγειν ποτὲ τὴν κτίσιν· ἅπερ ἔσθ' ὅτε ἡ ἔνυλος ἡμῶν φύσις οὐ τῷ χορηγήσαντι διὰ μέσης τῆς κτίσεως, ἀλλ' αὐτῇ ἐπιγράφει. αἱ δὲ περὶ τῆς προγνώσεως τοῦ πνεύματος ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποστολικῶν πράξεων μαρτυρίαι εἰσὶν ἐν τούτοις. ἀπὸ τοῦ Πέτρου πρὸς τοὺς Ἰουδαίους· «ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί, ἔδει πληρωθῆναι τὴν γραφήν, ἣν προεῖπεν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον διὰ στόματος Δαυὶδ περὶ Ἰούδα τοῦ γενομένου ὁδηγοῦ τῶν συλλαβόντων Ἰησοῦν.» εὖ τοίνυν εἶπε τὸ «ἔδει»· θεοῦ γὰρ μόνου πᾶς λόγος οὐκ ἀτελεύτητος. καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Παύλου· «τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον κατὰ πόλιν διαμαρτύρεταί με λέγον, ὅτι δεσ μὰ καὶ θλίψεις με μένουσιν.» καὶ διὰ τοῦ προφήτου δὲ Ἀγάβου σιτοδείαν ἐσομένην τῇ ὑπ' οὐρανὸν διὰ τὰς ἀνθρώπων πλημμελείας προεμήνυσεν ὡς ἀγαθός, καθὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς Νινευῆ, ὡς ἂν εὐλαβηθέντες μετανοίᾳ φύγοιεν τὸ κακὸν ἥτις καὶ συνέβη πολλοῖς ὕστερον χρόνοις ἐπὶ Κλαυδίου. καὶ ἐν εὐαγγελίῳ δὲ ὁ Χριστὸς περὶ τοῦ πνεύματός φησιν· «καὶ τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἀναγγελεῖ ὑμῖν», τουτέστιν τὰ μέλλοντα.

English

with his divine rays illuminating not only the powers in heaven but also brightening the eyes of our souls, he often reveals future events in various ways and, through his own goodness and love for humanity, permits that which contributes to the benefit of human nature to be spoken at times through creation; which things our material nature sometimes attributes not to the giver through the medium of creation, but to itself. The testimonies concerning the foreknowledge of the Spirit from the Acts of the Apostles are as follows. From Peter to the Jews: "Brothers, it was necessary that the scripture be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit foretold through the mouth of David concerning Judas, who became the guide of those who seized Jesus." Well then, he said "it was necessary"; for every word of God alone is not without fulfillment. And from Paul: "The Holy Spirit testifies to me in every city, saying that bonds and afflictions await me." And through the prophet Agabus, he foretold that a famine would occur throughout the world due to the transgressions of men, as a good one, just as in the case of Nineveh, so that, being cautious, they might flee from evil through repentance, which indeed happened many years later under Claudius. And in the Gospel, Christ says concerning the Spirit: "And he will announce to you the things that are coming," that is, future events.

Citation. Tergwame, “De trinitate”, khazarzar-didymus-the-blind-de-trinitate:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/khazarzar-didymus-the-blind-de-trinitate#s1
Colophon. Source: khazarzar · licence: see record · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4.1-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.1182 · generated 2026-11-15.