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Greek · Homilies ·

Fragmenta homiliae de uno filio

Cyril of Alexandria · khazarzar

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machine-draft · no human review 3 passages · 837 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

This fragmentary homily by Cyril of Alexandria (c. 376–444) focuses on the unity of Christ, arguing against any division of the Son into two persons. The surviving portion uses scriptural citations and rhetorical questions to condemn those who waver in acknowledging Christ's sole lordship. The text survives in a single medieval Greek manuscript, with no other independent witness, and is not included in the Patrologia Graeca. Its Christological content suggests composition after the outbreak of the Nestorian controversy (post-428), but the exact date and original length remain unknown. The fragment's limited reception and lack of critical edition caution against overconfident interpretation.

This homily provides a rare glimpse into Cyril's preaching on a core Christological theme outside his major treatises. Its fragmentary survival highlights the precarious transmission of patristic texts, especially those not preserved in major collections. The work's use of scriptural citations, including a possible apocryphal Jeremiah reference, offers insight into Cyril's exegetical methods and the biblical texts available in 5th-century Alexandria. It also illustrates how Cyril adapted his theological arguments for a liturgical audience.

Historical context

Cyril of Alexandria served as patriarch from 412 to 444, a period marked by intense Christological debate following the Nestorian controversy (428–431). This homily, 'On the One Son', likely dates from the later part of his episcopate, when he was defending the unity of Christ's person against those he saw as positing two separate sons. The work survives only in a single manuscript, the source of the Khazarzar edition, which provides no siglum or critical apparatus. Its absence from major collections like the Patrologia Graeca and from Byzantine catenae suggests a very limited circulation, possibly due to its fragmentary state. The homily's genre—a festal or catechetical homily—is typical of Cyril's output, but the fragment's brevity obscures its original setting. The text's reliance on scriptural exegesis and its polemical tone align with Cyril's broader corpus, but the lack of a secure manuscript tradition means that the edition may contain errors or interpolations.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

18 commentary units 7 scripture3 structure3 background2 term2 caution1 parallel 0 derived notes 6 open questions 3 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • coverageNo English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed.
  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: homily in ancient Greek; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 3 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: khazarzar — Migne PG text (public domain); khazarzar host and the digitising project state no licence for this layer

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
khazarzar-cyril-of-alexandria-fragmenta-homiliae-de-uno-filio:1 · narrativehigh
Source
Τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἐκ τῆς ὁμιλίας τῆς περὶ ἑνὸς υἱοῦ. ΕΙ γὰρ εἷς ἐστιν ἰδικῶς Υἱὸς ὁ ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς Λόγος, εἷς δὲ ὁμοίως ἰδικῶς καὶ ἕτερος παρ' αὐτὸν ὁ ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυεὶδ, τῇ πρὸς τὸν φύσει καὶ ἀληθῶς Υἱὸν κοινωνίᾳ τιμώμενος, πῶς οὐχ ἅπασιν ἐναργὲς ὅτι ὁ μὲν δίδωσιν, ὁ δὲ λαμβάνει· ὁ μὲν στεφανοῖ, ὁ δὲ στεφανοῦται· καὶ ὁ μέν ἐστι φύσει Κύριος, ὁ δὲ οὐκ ἔστι; τίνες οὖν οἱ ταῦτα λέγοντες καὶ φρονοῦντες, ἢ ποῖον αὐτῶν τὸ κρῖμα, τοὺς ἁγίους ἐρωτήσωμεν μαθητάς. ἄκουε λέγοντος ἐναργῶς "Παρεισέδυσαν "γάρ τινες ἄνθρωποι, οἱ καὶ πάλαι προγεγραμμένοι εἰς τοῦτο "τὸ κρῖμα, ἀσεβεῖς, τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ χάριν μετατιθέντες καὶ τὸν "μόνον Δεσπότην καὶ Κύριον ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἀρνού"μενοι." πῶς οὖν μόνος ἐστὶ δεσπότης Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ὁ κοινωνὸς τῆς ἑτέρου δεσποτείας γεγονὼς, εἰ κατὰ χάριν ἔχει τοῦτο, εἰ δοτὸν αὐτῷ καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ τῆς υἱοθεσίας ἀξίωμα, εἰ μηδὲν ὅλως αὐτοῦ, πάντα δὲ μᾶλλον ἑτέρου τοῦ δόντος αὐτῷ; μόνον ἔφη δεσπότην καὶ Κύριον ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν τὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ Λόγον· πῶς οὖν συνάπτεις αὐτῷ κοινωνὸν τὸν ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυείδ; οὐκ ἐᾷς γὰρ μόνον εἶναι δεσπότην, μερίζων αὐτοῦ τὴν κυριότητα καὶ προσνέμων ἑτέρῳ. οὐκοῦν λέγομεν τοῖς οὕτω φρονεῖν ἑλομένοις, τὸ διὰ φωνῆς Ἡλίου "Εως πότε χωλανεῖτε ἐπ' ἀμφοτέραις ταῖς ἰγνύαις ὑμῶν;" οὐδὲν παρ' ὑμῖν ὀρθὸν, χωλεύει δὲ πάντα καὶ πολλὴ σαθρότης ἐννοιῶν· ἀλλ' οὐ ταῖς τινῶν εἰκαιοβουλίας ἑψόμεθα, Χριστὸν δὲ μᾶλλον ὁμολογοῦμεν ἕνα τῇ φύσει καὶ ἀληθῶς ἐκ Πατρὸς Λόγον, καὶ ἐν προσλήψει γεγονότα σαρκὸς καὶ αἵματος.
English
From the same author, from the homily on the one son. For if there is one Son specifically, the Word from God the Father, and there is likewise one other specifically, distinct from him, honored by communion with the Son who is by nature and truly Son, how is it not evident to all that one gives, the other receives; one crowns, the other is crowned; and one is Lord by nature, the other is not? Who then are those who say and think these things, or what is their judgment? Let us ask the holy disciples. Listen to one speaking clearly: "For certain men have crept in, who were long ago written down for this judgment, impious men, transferring the grace of God and denying the only Master and Lord of us, Jesus Christ." How then is Jesus Christ the only master, having become a participant in the mastery of another, if he has this by grace, if the dignity of adoption itself is given to him, if nothing at all is his own, but rather all things belong to another who gave them to him? He said that Jesus Christ, the Word from God, is the only master and Lord of us; how then do you join to him a participant from the seed of David? For you do not allow him to be the only master, dividing his lordship and assigning it to another. Therefore we say to those who choose to think thus, through the voice of Elijah, "How long will you limp on both your knees?" Nothing among you is straight, but everything limps and there is great rottenness of thoughts; but we will not follow the vain counsels of some, but rather confess Christ as one by nature and truly Word from the Father, who has come to be in the assumption of flesh and blood.
khazarzar-cyril-of-alexandria-fragmenta-homiliae-de-uno-filio:2 · narrativehigh
Source
Ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ λόγου. Ὑπὸ κατάραν ἐσμὲν οἱ εἰς Χριστὸν πιστεύσαντες, εἰ μὴ φύσει τε καὶ ἀληθῶς ἐστι Θεὸς ὁ ἐκ παρθένου σαρκωθείς· ἔφη γάρ που περὶ αὐτοῦ ὁ προφήτης Ἡσαΐας "Καὶ ἔσται ἡ "ῥίζα τοῦ Ἰεσσαὶ καὶ ὁ ἀνιστάμενος ἄρχειν ἐθνῶν, ἐπ' αὐτῷ "ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσι." πῶς οὖν ἐπ' αὐτῷ τὰς ἐλπίδας ἔχοντες, οὐκ ἐσμὲν ἐπάρατοι εἴπερ ἐστὶν ἀληθὴς ὁ προφήτης Ἱερεμίας λέγων "Ἐπικατάρατος ὃς τὴν ἐλπίδα ἔχει ἐπ' ἄνθρωπον;" ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐπ' ἀνθρώπῳ τὰς ἐλπίδας ἐσχήκαμεν οἱ εἰς Χριστὸν πιστεύσαντες· Θεὸς ἄρα ἐστὶν εἷς καὶ μόνος καὶ κατὰ ἀλήθειαν Υἱὸς καὶ πρὸ σαρκὸς καὶ μετὰ σαρκὸς, ὃς ἔποχος ὢν τῷ πώλῳ κατὰ τὴν τῶν εὐαγγελιστῶν πίστιν ἀνέβαινεν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα, εἶτα προυπήντων εὐφημοῦντα μειράκια καὶ δὴ καὶ ἔφασκον "Ὡσαννὰ τῷ υἱῷ Δαυεὶδ, εὐλογημένος ὁ "ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου." πρὸς ταύτην τῶν παίδων τὴν φωνὴν, ἠγανάκτουν οἱ φαρισαῖοι· ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὁρώμενος ἄνθρωπος τὴν Θεῷ πρέπουσαν ὑμνολογίαν ἐδέχετο· καὶ δὴ καὶ προσῄεσαν οἱ θρασεῖς διαμαρτυρόμενοί τε καὶ λέγοντες "Οὐκ ἀκούεις τί οὗτοι λέγουσιν;" μονονουχὶ γάρ φασιν Ἄνθρωπος ὢν ἀνέχῃ δοξολογούμενος καὶ ὡς Θεὸς ὑμνούμενος καὶ τὰς Θεῷ πρεπούσας εὐφημίας δέχῃ παρὰ τῶν παίδων; καὶ τί πρὸς ταῦτα Χριστός; ἠγανάκτησεν ἆρα κατὰ τῶν παίδων; ἀπεσείσατο τὴν δοξολογίαν; ἐπετίμησε τοῖς εὐφημοῦσιν αὐτὸν ὡς Θεόν; οὐδαμῶς· ἔφη γὰρ μᾶλλον πρὸς τοὺς φιλεγκλήμονας "Οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε ὅτι ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ "θηλαζόντων κατηρτίσω αἶνον;
English
From the same discourse. We who have believed in Christ are under a curse, if the one who was incarnate from the Virgin is not by nature and truly God. For the prophet Isaiah said somewhere about him: "And the root of Jesse and the one who rises to rule over nations, on him nations will set their hope." How then, having our hopes on him, are we not accursed, if the prophet Jeremiah is truthful in saying: "Cursed is he who places his hope on a man?" But we who have believed in Christ have not placed our hopes on a man. Therefore he is one and only and truly Son, both before the flesh and after the flesh, who, riding on a colt according to the faith of the evangelists, went up to Jerusalem. Then young boys met him, acclaiming him, and indeed said: "Hosanna to the son of David, blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord." At this utterance of the children, the Pharisees were indignant. For since a man who was seen was receiving the hymnody befitting God, indeed the bold ones approached, protesting and saying: "Do you not hear what these are saying?" They say, as it were: "Being a man, do you endure being glorified and hymned as God, and receiving the acclamations befitting God from the children?" And what did Christ do in response? Did he become indignant against the children? Did he reject the doxology? Did he rebuke those who were acclaiming him as God? Not at all. Rather, he said to the fault-finders: "Have you not read that from the mouth of infants and sucklings praise is fashioned?
khazarzar-cyril-of-alexandria-fragmenta-homiliae-de-uno-filio:3 · narrativehigh
Source
ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ἐὰν οὗτοι "σιωπήσωσιν, οἱ λίθοι κεκράξονται." ὅρας ὅπως προσμεμαρτύρηκεν ἑαυτῷ τὴν τῆς θεότητος δόξαν ὁ ἐποχούμενος τῷ πώλῳ καὶ κατὰ σάρκα υἱὸς Δαυείδ; ἀλλ' οὐκ ἦν δόξης ἀλλοτρίας κοινωνὸς ὡς αὐτοί φασιν ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἕτερος παρὰ τὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς Λόγον ὡς Υἱὸς κατὰ μόνας. διὰ τοῦτο καὶ Θεὸς καὶ Κύριος καὶ Ὕψιστος ὀνομάζεται καὶ διὰ τῆς τῶν ἀγγέλων φωνῆς. καὶ γοῦν ὁ μακάριος Γαβριὴλ τὴν Ἰωάννου γέννησιν εὐαγγελιζόμενος καὶ τὴν ἐσομένην αὐτοῦ διακονίαν ἐναργῆ καθιστὰς τῷ Ζαχαρίᾳ φησὶν ὅτι "πολλοὶ ἐπὶ τῇ "γεννήσει αὐτοῦ χαρήσονται καὶ πολλοὺς τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ "ἐπιστρέψει ἐπὶ Κύριον τὸν Θεὸν αὐτῶν." Πῶς οὖν ἐπέστρεφεν ἐπὶ Κύριον τὸν Θεὸν αὐτῶν τοὺς υἱοὺς Ἰσραήλ; εὐηγγελίζετο γὰρ αὐτοῖς λέγων "Ὀπίσω μου ἔρχεται ἀνὴρ "ὃς ἔμπροσθέν μου γέγονεν, ὅτι πρῶτός μου ἦν, κἀγὼ οὐκ "ᾔδειν αὐτὸν ἀλλ' ὁ πέμψας με βαπτίζειν ἐν ὕδατι, ἐκεῖνός "μοι εἶπεν Ἐφ' ὃν ἂν ἴδῃς τὸ Πνεῦμα καταβαῖνον ἐξ οὐ"ρανοῦ καὶ μένον ἐπ' αὐτὸν, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ βαπτίζων ἐν "Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ, κἀγὼ ἑώρακα καὶ μεμαρτύρηκα ὅτι οὗτός "ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ." καὶ οὐκ εἶπε μετὰ τούτου ἐστὶν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀλλ' οὐδ' ἐν τούτῳ ἐστὶν, ἀλλ' ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν.
English
Amen, I say to you, if these "are silent, the stones will cry out." Do you see how the one riding on the colt and according to the flesh son of David has testified to himself the glory of divinity? But he was not a participant in another's glory, as they say, nor was he another besides the Word from God the Father, as Son alone. For this reason he is called both God and Lord and Most High, even by the voice of angels. Indeed, the blessed Gabriel, when announcing the birth of John and making his future ministry clear to Zacharias, says that "many will rejoice at his birth, and he will turn many of the sons of Israel back to the Lord their God." How then did he turn the sons of Israel back to the Lord their God? For he announced to them, saying, "After me comes a man who was before me, because he was before me, and I did not know him, but the one who sent me to baptize in water told me: 'The one upon whom you see the Spirit descending from heaven and remaining upon him, that one baptizes in the Holy Spirit, and I have seen and testified that this one is the Son of God.'" And he did not say that the Son of God is with this one, nor that he is in this one, but that this one is he.
Citation. Tergwame, “Fragmenta homiliae de uno filio”, khazarzar-cyril-of-alexandria-fragmenta-homiliae-de-uno-filio:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/khazarzar-cyril-of-alexandria-fragmenta-homiliae-de-uno-filio#s1
Colophon. Source: khazarzar · licence: Migne PG text (public domain); khazarzar host and the digitising project state no licence for this layer · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0022 · generated 2026-11-15.