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Greek · Homilies ·

Oratio pro inimicis et amicis

Basilius Caesariensis · khazarzar

BothSourceEnglish
JSON Dossier
machine-draft · no human review 2 passages · 290 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

This homily, attributed to Basil of Caesarea, urges Christians to pray for both enemies and friends, modeling forgiveness and universal love. It survives in Greek manuscripts, with the earliest complete witness from the 10th century, though traditionally dated to the 370s. The text was included in Byzantine monastic anthologies like the Philokalia and is cited in Eastern Orthodox tradition as a paradigm of Christian charity. Its authenticity is debated, and the khazarzar edition modernizes punctuation without a full critical apparatus.

This homily exemplifies early Christian ethics of universal forgiveness and has shaped Eastern Orthodox spirituality through its inclusion in the Philokalia. It relates to patristic teachings on prayer and enmity, and its disputed authorship highlights challenges in attributing works to Basil. The text’s transmission history illustrates the gap between composition and earliest surviving manuscripts common in late antique Christian literature.

Historical context

The homily is traditionally placed in the 370s, during Basil’s episcopacy in Caesarea (Cappadocia), a period of theological controversy (Arianism) and monastic expansion. The community was Greek-speaking, and the genre is a homily, likely delivered to a congregation. Transmission is via medieval Greek manuscripts; the earliest complete witness is from the 10th century, creating a gap of over 500 years. The text was later included in Byzantine monastic anthologies (e.g., the Philokalia) and cited by Eastern Orthodox theologians. The khazarzar edition lacks a full apparatus; the critical edition by Fedwick (1999) is recommended for variants.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

11 commentary units 2 term2 scripture2 structure2 reception1 background1 parallel1 sense 0 derived notes 3 open questions 2 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • coverageNo English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed.
  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: homily in ancient Greek; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 2 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: khazarzar — Migne PG text (public domain); khazarzar host and the digitising project state no licence for this layer

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
khazarzar-basilius-caesariensis-oratio-pro-inimicis-et-amicis:1 · narrativehigh
Source
ΕΥΧΗ ΕΤΕΡΑ ΤΟΥ ΑΥΤΟΥ. ̓Ανεξίκακε βασιλεῦ καὶ ἀίδιε, ὁ διὰ τὴν ἐκ ξύλου κατάκρισιν ἐπὶ ξύλου ἀρθεὶς, καὶ τοῖς ἀκολουθεῖν σου τοῖς ἴχνεσιν αἱρουμένοις μακροθυμίας σαυτὸν ὑπόδειγμα παρασχόμενος, ὃς ὑπὲρ τῶν σταυρούντων σε θεομάχων ἔντευξιν προσήγαγες τῷ συνανάρχῳ Γεννήτορι αὐτός· φιλάνθρωπε Κύριε, καὶ οἷς δι' ἀπεχθείας ἐσμὲν ἢ ἐπιβουλεύουσιν, ἢ λοιδορουμένοις, ἢ ἐπηρεάζουσιν, ἢ βασκαίνουσιν, ἢ καθ' οἷον δή τινα τρόπον ἐξ ἐπιβουλῆς καὶ ἐπηρείας τοῦ φιλαπεχθήμονος δαίμονος μισοῦσι καὶ ἀποστρεφομένοις, συγχώρησον τὸ τῆς εἰς ἡμᾶς παροινίας πλημμέλημα, μετάβαλε τὰς γνώμας αὐτῶν ἐκ κακοηθείας εἰς ἐπιείκειαν. Ἔμβαλε ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν ἄδολον ἀγάπην καὶ ἀνυπόκριτον· σύνδησον ἡμῖν αὐτοὺς ἐν ἀῤῥήκτοις δεσμοῖς εὐνοίας πνευματικῆς· καὶ τῆς ἀκηράτου σου ζωῆς, οἷς οἶδας λόγοις, κοινωνοὺς ἀποτέλεσον· τοὺς δὲ ἀγαπῶντας ἡμᾶς, ἢ καὶ εἰς τὰς σωματικὰς χρείας διὰ τὸ σὸν διακονοῦντας ἅγιον ὄνομα, ταῖς πλουσίαις σου δωρεαῖς ἀντάμειψαι, καὶ τῆς λήξεως τῶν πιστῶν καὶ φρονίμων οἰκονόμων ἀξίωσον. Καὶ τοῖς τῆς ἀσθενείας ἡμῶν ἐν ἀγαθῇ διαθέσει μεμνημένοις, ἢ καὶ ὑπερευχομένοις, δαψιλῆ τὴν χάριν σου ἐπιβράβευσον· τοῖς ἐντειλαμένοις τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ ταλαιπώρῳ ἀναξιότητι ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν εὔχεσθαι τὰ ὠφέλιμα χάρισαι, καὶ τὰ πρὸς σωτηρίαν αἰτήματα παράσχες, καὶ πλούσια τὰ ἐλέη σου καὶ τοὺς οἰκτιρμοὺς αὐτοῖς ἐξαπόστειλον. Πάντας, εὔσπλαγχνε, τοὺς ἐπὶ σοὶ πεποιθότας ἐλέησον, πάντας εἰς τὴν θείαν σου ἀγάπην ἕλκυσον.
English
Another Prayer of the Same Author. O forbearing and eternal King, who for the condemnation from the tree were raised upon the tree, and who offered yourself as an example of patience to those who choose to follow in your footsteps, who yourself presented an intercession to your co-eternal Father on behalf of the God-fighters who crucified you; O philanthropic Lord, grant forgiveness for the offense of their violence against us to those who, through hatred, plot against us, or revile us, or insult us, or envy us, or in any way whatsoever, through the plotting and malice of the contentious demon, hate and reject us; change their minds from malevolence to gentleness. Implant in their hearts guileless and unfeigned love; bind them to us with unbreakable bonds of spiritual goodwill; and make them partakers of your pure life, by means you know. As for those who love us, or who serve our bodily needs for the sake of your holy name, reward them with your abundant gifts, and deem them worthy of the portion of faithful and wise stewards. And to those who remember our weakness with good disposition, or even pray for us, bestow your grace abundantly; to those who have charged our wretched unworthiness to pray for them, grant what is beneficial, and provide the petitions for salvation, and send forth your abundant mercies and compassions upon them. Have mercy, O compassionate one, on all who trust in you; draw all into your divine love.
khazarzar-basilius-caesariensis-oratio-pro-inimicis-et-amicis:2 · narrativehigh
Source
Πρόστηθι πάντων, καὶ ἀντιλάβου, σὺν ἡμῖν τοῖς ἁμαρτωλοῖς καὶ ἀχρείοις δούλοις σου, καὶ τῆς σῆς βασιλείας κληρονόμους ἀπέργασαι. Σὸν γάρ ἐστι τὸ ἐλεεῖν καὶ σώζειν ἡμᾶς, ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν, ὅτι σοῦ ἐστι τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν.
English
Stand before all, and take hold, together with us your sinful and worthless servants, and make us heirs of your kingdom. For it is yours to pity and to save us, our God, because the power is yours for the ages. Amen.
Citation. Tergwame, “Oratio pro inimicis et amicis”, khazarzar-basilius-caesariensis-oratio-pro-inimicis-et-amicis:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/khazarzar-basilius-caesariensis-oratio-pro-inimicis-et-amicis#s1
Colophon. Source: khazarzar · licence: Migne PG text (public domain); khazarzar host and the digitising project state no licence for this layer · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0013 · generated 2026-11-15.