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John Sinaites, Climax

Io.Sin. · titus

BothSourceEnglish
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machine-draft · no human review 2 passages · 278 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

The Old Georgian translation of John of Sinai's Klimax (Ladder of Divine Ascent) is a monastic ascetical work structured as 30 steps (logoi). The Greek original, dated to ca. 600–650 CE, was composed by John Climacus, abbot of St. Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai. The Georgian version likely dates to the 9th–10th centuries, during the early phase of Georgian monastic literature, and survives in multiple manuscripts reflecting a complex textual history with possible revisions. The TITUS edition is based on a single witness without critical apparatus, limiting its use for detailed textual criticism. The work was widely read in Georgian monasteries, influenced later ascetical compilations, and used in liturgical readings for Lent. Authorship and unity of the work remain debated in modern scholarship.

The Georgian translation of the Klimax is a key witness to the reception of Byzantine monastic spirituality in the Georgian tradition. It reflects the early phase of Georgian monastic literature and the translation activities of figures like Euthymius the Hagiorite. The work's wide use in Georgian monasteries and its influence on later ascetical compilations underscore its importance for understanding the development of Georgian Christian literature and monastic practice.

Historical context

The Greek Klimax was composed around 600–650 CE by John of Sinai (John Climacus), abbot of St. Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai. The work, structured as 30 steps of spiritual ascent, became a foundational text of Eastern Christian monasticism. The Georgian translation likely belongs to the 9th–10th centuries, a period of intense translation activity in Georgian monasteries, particularly at the Iviron Monastery on Mount Athos and in the Georgian monastic centers of Palestine. The translator Euthymius the Hagiorite (c. 955–1028) states he translated from Greek at the command of his spiritual father John, correcting an earlier faulty translation. The text survives in multiple Georgian manuscripts, indicating a complex transmission with possible revisions. The Climax was widely read in Georgian monasteries, used in liturgical readings for Lent, and influenced later ascetical compilations. The TITUS edition, based on a single witness, provides no critical apparatus or variant readings, limiting its use for detailed textual criticism of the Georgian transmission.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

10 commentary units 2 transmission2 term2 reception1 background1 structure1 sense1 caution 0 derived notes 3 open questions 2 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 2 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of John Sinaites, Climax. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 29.11.2017. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
iokli:1 · narrativehigh
Source
Ⴄსე საცნაურ იყავნ ყოველთა რომელნი იკითხვიდეთ, ანუ სწერდეთ წმიდასა ამას წიგნსა წმიდანო ღვთისანო, ვ̃დ ნეტარსა ამას მამას, რ̃სა ესე სულთა განმანათლებელი წიგნი უთქვამს, არათუ კლემაქსი ეწოდების, ნუ იყოფინ, ა̃დ იოანე არს სახელი მისი: ხოლო კლემაქსი წიგნსა ეწოდების, და არს კლემაქსი ბერძულითა ენითა, ვითარმედ Ⴉიბეო. Ⴞოლო ამისთვის ეწოდების წიგნსა ამას კიბე, რ̃ ვ̃ა კიბე სათნოებათა შექმნა წიგნი ესე, და მდაბალთა საქმეთაგან იწყებს, და თ̃ა და თ̃ა მაღალთა მ̃რთ აღვალს, ვ̃ა თვით აღსასრულსა წიგნისასა ჰპოოთ გამოსახული Ⴉიბე Ⴑათნოებათა. Ⴞ̃ რ̃სა გამოკრებული იგი მცირედი პ̃ლ ეთარგმნა, Ⴉლემაქსი ეთქვა მის წ̃ისა და. აწ, უკეთუ ვინმე წიგნისა სახელსა იტყოდეს, ჰთქუნ კლემაქსი, რ̃ლ არს Ⴉიბე; ხოლო უკეთუ წმიდისა მის სახელსა იტყოდეს თქუნ Ⴈოანე Ⴅინადგან უკვე პირველსა მას თარგმანსა მრავალი მრუდად დაეწერა, და მრავალი დაეგდო; ამისთვის მე გლახაკმან Ⴄფთვიმე, ბრძანებითა წმიდისა მამისა ჩემისა Ⴈოანესითა ვთარგმნე ესე, ვ̃ა თვით მას წმიდასა ეთქვა ბერძულად, რამეთუ ბერძენი იყო იგი ნათესავით. Ⴀწ უკვე, რომელნიცა ამას წმიდასა წიგნსა იკითხვიდეთ ლოცვა ჰყავთ წმიდათა მამათა ჩვენთათვის Ⴈოანესთვის და იოანე სვინკელისათვის და ჩემთვისცა ცოდვილისა ეფთვიმესა, და რომელნი სწერდეთ, ვითარცა აქა ჰპოოთ ეგრეთ დაწერეთ.
English
Let it be known to all who read or copy this holy book, the holy fathers of God, that this blessed father, to whom this soul-illuminating book is attributed, is not called Climax, but rather his name is John. However, the book is called Climax, and Climax in the Greek language means "Ladder." And for this reason the book is called Ladder, because this book created a ladder of virtues, beginning from humble works and ascending step by step to the heights, until at the end of the book a Ladder of Virtues is depicted. As for that small portion which was previously translated, it was called Climax for that reason. Now, if someone speaks of the name of the book, let him say Climax, which means Ladder; but if he speaks of the name of the saint, let him say John of Sinai. Since in the earlier translation many things were written incorrectly and many were omitted, for this reason I, the wretched Euthymius, by the command of my holy father John, have translated this as it was spoken by that holy one in Greek, for he was Greek by descent. And now, those who read this holy book, pray for our holy fathers John and John the Syncellus, and also for me, the sinful Euthymius; and those who copy it, write it as it is found here.
iokli:2 · narrativehigh
Source
და თავნი ვითარცა აქა იყვნენ, ეგრეთ დასხენით, რამეთუ მეცა, ვითარცა მიპოვნიან, ეგრეთ დამისხამნ, ყოველნი წითლითა; და ამათცა სიტყვათა ნუ ვინ დააგდებთ, არამედ დასწერდით Ⴖვთისათვის, და ჩემსაცა ცოდვილისასა სახელსა.
English
and place the chapters just as they are here, for I myself have set them down just as I found them, all of them in red; and do not let anyone omit these words, but write them for God's sake, and for the sake of my own sinful name.
Citation. Tergwame, “John Sinaites, Climax”, iokli:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/iokli#s1
Colophon. Source: titus · licence: This text is part of the TITUS edition of John Sinaites, Climax. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 29.11.2017. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder. · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0015 · generated 2026-11-15.