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Syriac · Other · mid-4th century

Nativity 27

Ephrem the Syrian · syriac

BothSourceEnglish
JSON Dossier
machine-draft · no human review 4 passages · 752 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Nativity 27 is a madrāšā (teaching hymn) by Ephrem the Syrian (d. 373), part of a cycle of hymns on the Nativity of Christ. The Syriac text survives in manuscripts from the 5th–6th centuries, and the present edition follows Beck’s critical text. The hymn employs symbolic numbers and seasonal references (Nisan and Kānūn) to typologically link Christ’s conception and birth. It includes a congregational refrain (ʿunīṯā) and shifts in liturgical mode, characteristic of Ephrem’s poetic and liturgical style. The work is used in both East and West Syriac churches during the Christmas season.

Nativity 27 exemplifies Ephrem’s use of symbolic typology and liturgical poetry to articulate Christological doctrine. It is a key witness to 4th-century Syriac Christian worship and theological expression, linking biblical typology with the liturgical calendar. The hymn’s survival in multiple early manuscripts attests to its enduring role in Syriac liturgical tradition.

Historical context

Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373) composed his madrāšê in Nisibis and later Edessa, centers of Syriac Christianity in the 4th century. The Nativity hymns, including Nativity 27, were likely written for liturgical use in the Syriac-speaking church, possibly for the feast of the Nativity (6 January in the Syriac tradition). The earliest manuscript witnesses date to the 5th–6th centuries, indicating a stable transmission within Syriac monastic and liturgical communities. The hymn’s numerical typology (ten months for conception, six for birth) reflects Syriac exegetical traditions. No external evidence securely dates individual hymns; dating relies on internal coherence and manuscript attribution. The work belongs to the genre of madrāšā, a strophic hymn with refrains, used for catechetical and liturgical instruction.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

22 commentary units 5 term4 structure4 background3 parallel3 caution2 scripture1 sense 1 derived notes 6 open questions 4 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 4 narrative.
  • caution1 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-575:1 · narrativehigh
Source
ܫܽܘܚܠܳܦ ܩܳܠܳܐ ܥܽܘܢܝܳܐ : ܠܳܟ ܬܶܫܒܽܘܚܬܳܐ ܒܰܪ ܡܳܪܶܐ ܟܽܠ.
English
Change of melody. Response: Praise to you, son of the Lord of All.
dsc-575:2 · narrativehigh
Source
ܬܰܢܺܝ ܗܘܳܐ ܢܽܘܗܪܳܐ ܐܰܝܟ ܟܳܪܽܘܙܳܐ ܠܗܰܘ ܢܰܗܺܝܪܳܐ ܕܝܶܠܕܰܬ ܡܰܪܝܰܡ ܗܘܳܐ ܓܶܝܪ ܒܰܛܢܶܗ ܒܙܳܟܽܘܬ ܢܽܘܗܪܳܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܬܺܘܒ ܝܰܠܕܶܗ ܒܙܳܟܽܘܬ ܫܶܡܫܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܙܰܟܳܝܳܐ ܝܽܘܕ ܣܺܝܡܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܫܶܗ ܕܰܫܡܳܟ ܒܥܶܣܪܳܐ ܣܺܝܡܳܐ ܒܢܺܝܣܳܢ ܝܰܪܚܳܐ ܒܰܥܣܺܝܪܳܝܳܐ ܥܰܠܬ ܠܟܰܪܣܳܐ ܒܪܳܐܙ ܡܶܢܝܳܢܳܐ ܕܰܓܡܺܝܪܽܘܬܳܐ ܐܺܝܬܰܘܗܝ ܒܰܛܢܳܟ ܡܶܢܝܳܢܳܐ ܕܥܶܣܪܳܐ ܫܰܠܡܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ [ܒܥܶܣܪܳܐ ܒܢܺܝܣܳܢ ܥܠܰܬ ܠܟܰܪܣܳܐ ܡܶܢܝܳܢܳܐ ܬܽܘܒ ܕܶܫܬܳܐ ܓܡܺܝܪܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܒܶܫܬܳܐ ܒܟܳܢܽܘܢ ܠܫܬܳܐ ܓܰܒ̈ܺܝܢ ܚܰܕܺܝ ܝܰܠܕܳܟ ܡܶܢܝܳܢܳܐ ܕܥܶܣܪܳܐ ܣܳܟܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ] ܘܰܫܬܺܝܬܳܝܳܐ ܣܳܟܳܐ ܕܣ̈ܳܟܶܐ ܒܥܶܣܪܳܐ ܒܰܛܢܶܗ ܒܫܰܬܳܐ ܝܰܠܕܶܗ ܠܐܰܪ̈ܒܰܥ ܦܶܢܝ̈ܳܢ [ܘܪܰܘܡܳܐ ܘܥܽܘܡܩܳܐ] ܚܰܕ ܝܰܠܕܶܗ ܫܡܶܗ ܕܝܰܘܣܶܦ ܠܳܐ ܣܳܦܶܩ ܗܘܳܐ ܕܐܰܒܳܐ ܢܗܶܐ ܠܳܟ ܕܰܡܚܺܝܠܳܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܫܡܳܟ ܗܽܘ ܝܰܗܒ ܠܶܗ ܝܽܘܕ ܐܳܬܽܘܬܳܐ ܫܡܳܟ ܗܽܘ ܚܰܝܶܠ ܠܰܫܡܶܗ ܕܝܰܘܣܶܦ ܕܐܰܒܳܐ ܢܗܶܐ ܠܳܟ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ ܬܽܘܒ ܪܺܝܫ ܐܳܬܘ̈ܳܬܶܗ ܠܰܫܡܳܗܿ ܕܡܰܪܝܰܡ ܝܰܗܒ ܒܰܚܢܳܢܶܗ ܗܳܐ ܬܠܶܝܢ ܫܡܳܗܰܝ̈ܗܽܘܢ ܒܰܫ̈ܡܳܗܰܘܗܝ ܒܚܰܝܠܶܗ ܬܠܶܝܢ ܗܘܰܘ ܐܳܦ ܓܽܘܫܡ̈ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܥܰܡ ܟܽܠ ܒܶܪ̈ܝܳܢ ܡܰܪܝܰܡ ܓܶܝܪ ܗܳܝ ܕܰܛܥܶܢܬܶܗ ܒܟܰܪܣܳܐ ܘܟܶܢܦܳܐ ܠܶܗ ܠܰܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ ܪܺܝܫ ܐܳܬܘ̈ܳܬܶܗ ܕܰܫܡܳܐ ܡܫܺܝܚܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܛܥܶܢܬܶܗ ܠܰܫܡܶܗ ܒܰܕܡܽܘܬ ܚܰܝܠܶܗ ܕܰܛܥܺܝܢ ܓܽܘܫܡܳܗܿ ܡܰܪܝܰܡ ܓܝܶܪ ܠܳܐ ܡܰܨܝܳܐ ܗܘܳܬ ܒܶܠܥܳܕ ܚܰܝܠܶܗ ܠܡܶܛܥܰܢ ܦܰܓܪܶܗ ܚܰܘܺܝ ܕܟܰܣܝܳܐ ܒܐܺܝܕܳܐ ܕܓܰܠܝܳܐ ܕܐܳܦܠܳܐ ܫܡܳܗܰܝ̈ܗܽܘܢ ܡܶܢ ܒܶܠܥܳܕ̈ܰܘܗܝ ܐܶܫܟܰܚܘ ܕܢܶܗܽܘܘܢ ܐܳܬܘ̈ܳܬܶܗ ܪ̈ܺܝܫܳܝܳܬܳܐ ܝܰܗܒ ܠܐܰܒ̈ܳܗܰܘܗܝ ܕܰܗܘܰܘ ܪ̈ܺܝܫܰܘܗܝ ܘܐܰܝܟ ܕܐܶܨܛܰܠܰܬܘ ܒܶܗ ܦܰܓܪ̈ܰܝܗܽܘܢ
English
He was a herald, like a proclaimer, to that shining one whom Mary bore. For he was in her womb with the victory of a herald; again, he was born with the victory of the blessed sun of the victorious. A sign was placed on his head, of the name; with ten signs, in the month of Nisan, on the tenth she entered the womb. With the mystery of the perfect number, he was in your womb. The number ten was complete. [On the tenth of Nisan she entered the womb; again, the number six was complete. On the sixth of Kānūn, to the six chosen ones, your birth was joyful. The number ten was the limit.] And the sixth was the limit of limits. With ten in her womb, with six she bore him. To the four directions [and height and depth], one bore him. The name of Joseph was not sufficient that he should be a father to you, for he was weak. Your name gave him a sign; your name strengthened the name of Joseph, that he should be a father to you. Again, Christ, the head of his letters, gave to the name of Mary by his letters. Behold, their names are suspended on his names; by his power, their bodies also were suspended, with all creatures. For Mary, who conceived him, in womb and on shoulder, for him, the Messiah, the head of his letters, the name "Messiah" is. Her conception of his name was in the likeness of his power, for her body was conceived. For Mary was not able, without his power, to conceive his body. Show that the hidden is in the hand of the revealed, that even their names could not exist without him. He gave his first letters to his parents, who were his heads; and as their bodies were suspended in him.
dsc-575:3 · narrativemedium
Source
ܗܳܟܰܢ ܨܒܳܬ ܐܳܦ ܒܰܫܡ̈ܳܗܰܘܗܝ ܠܰܫܡ̈ܳܗܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܐܳܦܠܳܐ ܬܽܘܒ ܗܽܘ ܝܽܘܚܰܢܳܢ ܒܶܠܥܳܕ ܚܰܝܠܶܗ ܐܰܥܡܶܕ ܦܰܓܪܶܗ ܝܽܘܕ ܗܽܘ ܛܥܶܢܬܶܗ ܠܫܶܡ ܝܽܘܚܰܢܳܢ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܰܛܥܶܢ ܗܘܳܐ ܚܰܝܠܶܗ ܕܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܠܶܗ ܠܝܽܘܚܰܢܳܢ ܐܶܢܗܽܘ ܕܶܝܢ ܕܐܶܫܰܐܶܠ ܫܽܘܦܪܳܐ ܕܰܟܬܺܝ̈ܒܳܬܶܗ ܠܰܫܡ̈ܳܗܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܐܶܢܗܽܘ ܕܫܽܘܦܪܶܗ ܓܰܐܝܳܐ ܡܙܰܓ ܒܰܫܡ̈ܳܗܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܟܡܳܐ ܟܺܝܬ ܡܙܰܓ ܚܰܝܠܶܗ ܟܰܣܝܳܐ ܒܰܫܡ̈ܳܗܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܘܐܰܝܟܰܢܳܐ ܕܰܠܡܶܢܝܳܢܳܐ ܥܶܣܪܳܐ ܕܰܪ̈ܓܺܝܢ ܐܺܝܬ ܠܶܗ ܒܰܠܚܽܘܕ ܫܬܳܐ ܓܰܒܺܝ̈ܢ ܐܺܝܬ ܠܰܒܪܺܝܬܳܐ ܪܰܘܡܳܐ ܘܥܽܘܡܩܳܐ ܘܐܰܪ̈ܒܰܥ ܦܶܢ̈ܝܳܢ ܕܰܡܠܶܝܢ ܡܶܢܳܟ ܝܽܘܕ ܐܳܬܽܘܬܳܐ ܕܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܡܰܠܟܰܢ ܐܺܝܬܶܝܗܿ ܡܰܠܟܰܬ ܟܽܠ ܡܶܢܝܳܢܺܝ̈ܢ ܒܰܓܡܺܝܪܽܘܬܳܗܿ ܬܠܶܝܢ ܚܽܘܫܒܳܢ̈ܶܐ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܰܒܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܗܳܐ ܡܶܬܡܰܙܓܺܝܢ ܟܽܠ ܪ̈ܶܥܝܳܢܺܝܢ ܪܰܒ ܡܶܢ ܟܽܠ ܢܚܶܬ ܗܘܳܐ ܟܽܠܶܗ ܠܘܳܬ ܡܽܘܟܳܟܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܡܶܬܡܰܠܰܠ ܗܦܰܟ ܬܽܘܒ ܡܶܢܶܗ ܕܗܰܘ ܡܽܘܟܳܟܳܐ ܘܐܶܚܰܕ ܪܰܘܡܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܡܶܣܬܰܝܰܟ ܥܰܠ ܝܰܡܺܝܢܳܐ ܪܰܒ ܬܶܗܪܳܐ ܕܡܶܢ ܗܰܘ ܪܰܘܡܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܕܪܰܓ ܗܘܳܐ ܒܩܰܠܺܝܠ ܩܰܠܺܝܠ ܕܢܶܚܽܘܬ ܢܺܐܬܶܐ ܠܰܙܥܽܘܪܽܘܬܳܐ ܦܪܰܚ ܡܶܢ ܥܽܘܒܳܗܿ ܕܐܰܠܳܗܽܘܬܳܐ ܠܘܳܬ ܐܢܳܫܽܘܬܳܐ ܫܶܡܫܳܐ ܓܶܝܪ ܗܰܘ ܫܶܡܫܳܟ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܰܒܦܽܘܡܳܐ ܪܳܐܙܳܟ ܡܰܟܪܶܙ ܒܣܰܬܘܳܐ ܠܫܶܦܠܳܐ ܒܛܽܘܦܣܳܟ ܢܳܚܶܬ ܠܪܰܘܡܳܐ ܒܩܰܝܛܳܐ ܒܕܽܘܡܝܳܟ ܣܳܠܶܩ ܘܥܰܠ ܟܽܠ ܡܰܡܠܶܟ ܘܐܳܦ ܛܽܘܦܣܶܗ ܕܒܰܛܢܳܟ ܪܰܒܽܘܠܺܝ ܘܰܕܝܽܘܚܰܢܳܢ ܗܰܘ ܟܳܪܽܘܙܳܟ ܪܳܐܙ ܒܶܛܢܰܝ̈ܟܽܘܢ ܐܳܦ ܡܰܘܠܳܕܟܽܘܢ ܒܢܽܘܗܪܳܐ ܘܚܶܫܟܳܐ ܨܺܝܪܺܝܢ ܘܰܓܠܶܝܢ ܠܰܕܡܶܣܬܰܟܰܠ ܕܝܽܘܚܰܢܳܢ ܗܘܳܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܒܰܛܢܶܗ ܒܬܶܫܪܺܝܢ ܕܰܣܥܳܐ ܒܶܗ ܚܶܫܽܘܟܳܐ ܒܰܛܢܳܟ ܕܺܝܠܳܟ ܗܘܳܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܒܢܺܝܣܳܢ
English
He also placed a sign in his names for their names, and again that John was not without his power; he immersed his body, he knew his error for the name John, as the power of Jesus was known to him for John. Then, as for the beauty of his writings for their names, then his glorious beauty mingled with their names. How much more did his hidden power mingle with their names? And as for the measure, there are ten steps for it alone; six sides has the creation: height, depth, and the four directions that are full of you. Thus the sign of Jesus the king is the queen of all measures; in her completeness, thoughts hang, as in Jesus all perceptions are mingled. Great from all, he descended entirely to the unspeakable lowliness; again, he turned from that lowliness and took a height that cannot be bounded over the right hand. Great wonder that from that height he did not descend little by little, so that the depth of divinity might fly to humanity. For the sun, that sun of yours, as in the mouth your mystery proclaims, in winter descends to the low place in your type, in summer ascends to the height in your likeness and over all kingdoms. And also the type of your great one in the belly, and of John that herald of yours, a mystery in your bellies and your birth, in light and darkness are bound and revealed to the understanding one, that John was in his belly in the beginning of the month that aids darkness; in your own belly he was in the feast.
dsc-575:4 · narrativemedium
Source
ܕܡܰܡܠܶܟ ܢܽܘܗܪܳܐ ܥܰܠ ܚܶܫܽܘܟܳܐ ܘܰܡܫܰܥܒܶܕ ܠܶܗ ܡܰܘܕܶܐ ܐܢܳܐ ܠܝܰܠܕܳܟ ܩܰܕܡܳܐ ܕܰܟܣܶܐ ܘܰܓܢܺܝܙ ܡܶܢ ܟܽܠ ܒܶܪ̈ܝܳܢ ܬܽܘܒ ܡܰܘܕܶܐ ܐܢܳܐ ܠܝܰܠܕܳܟ ܕܰܬܪܶܝܢ ܕܰܓܠܶܐ ܘܰܛܠܶܐ ܡܶܢ ܟܽܠ ܒܶܪ̈ܝܳܢ ܕܰܗ̈ܘܰܝ ܒܐܺܝ̈ܕܰܝܟ ܡܰܘ̈ܠܳܕܰܘܗܝ ܕܺܝܚܺܝܕܳܝܳܐ ܚܰܕ ܥܶܠܳܝܳܐ ܘܚܰܕ ܬܰܚܬܳܝܳܐ ܚܰܕ ܢܽܘܟܪܳܝܳܐ ܕܰܠܟܽܠ ܢܽܘܟܪܳܝ ܘܚܰܕ ܒܰܪ ܛܽܘܗܡܳܐ ܕܰܠܐܢܳܫܽܘܬܳܐ ܡܳܚܶܝܢ ܟܽܠܶܗ ܝܰܘܡܳܐ ܬܽܘܒ ܕܡܰܘܠܳܕܳܟ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܰܒܪܳܐܳܙܐ ܒܟܳܢܽܘܢ ܟܳܐܶܢ ܕܒܶܗ ܡܰܥܕܶܐ ܢܽܘܗܪܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܚܶܫܽܘܟܳܐ ܫ̈ܳܥܶܐ ܕܰܒܠܰܥ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܐܰܥܕܺܝܬܳܢ ܡܶܢ ܒܳܠܽܘܥܰܢ ܠܒܰܛܢܳܟ ܨܳܐܰܪ ܢܺܝܣܳܢ ܕܰܩܥܳܐ ܕܗܳܐ ܠܰܡ ܢܽܘܗܪܳܐ ܚܒܺܝܫ ܒܟܰܪܣܳܐ ܒܟܳܢܽܘܢ ܢܦܰܩܘ ܗܘܰܘ ܙܰܘܓܳܐ ܕܢܽܘܗܪ̈ܶܐ ܐܰܢܬ ܡܶܢ ܟܰܪܣܳܐ ܘܫܶܡܫܳܐ ܥܰܡܳܟ ܡܶܢ ܓܰܘ ܚܶܫܟܳܐ
English
He who makes light rule over darkness and subjugates it, confesses to your firstborn, who was hidden and concealed from all creatures. Again, he confesses to your secondborn, who was revealed and manifested from all creatures that were in your hands. The births of the Only-Begotten: one is above, and one is below; one is the light of all lights, and one is a son of the race who strikes down all error. Again, the day of your birth, as in a mystery in your womb it is concealed, in which light passes from darkness. The hours that swallowed, as if I had made them pass from the mouth, your belly makes small the cry of Jesus, who cries out, “Behold, light is confined in a womb!” In your womb came forth a pair of lights. You came from the womb, and the sun with you from within the darkness.
Citation. Tergwame, “Nativity 27”, dsc-575:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-575#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0026 · generated 2026-11-15.