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Syriac · Other · mid-4th century

Nativity 18

Ephrem the Syrian · syriac

BothSourceEnglish
JSON Dossier
machine-draft · no human review 5 passages · 1,489 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Nativity 18 is a madrāšâ (teaching hymn) by Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373), composed in Syriac for liturgical use in Nisibis and later Edessa. The hymn celebrates the Nativity of Christ, employing dense symbolic language, poetic parallelism, and typological exegesis. It survives in multiple manuscripts, with earliest witnesses from the 5th–6th centuries, and was incorporated into the East Syriac liturgical tradition for the Feast of the Nativity. The English translation attempts to render Ephrem’s wordplay and allusions, though some Syriac theological terms (e.g., ‘ellāyā for ‘hidden’) are inevitably flattened. The edition lacks a full apparatus of biblical citations or commentary on typological exegesis.

Nativity 18 exemplifies Ephrem’s poetic and theological genius, blending Syriac liturgical tradition with typological exegesis. It is a key witness to early Christian hymnody and the development of Nativity theology in the East Syriac tradition. The hymn’s survival in multiple manuscripts and its incorporation into liturgical use underscore its enduring importance for understanding early Christian worship and exegesis.

Historical context

Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373) was a deacon, poet, and theologian active in Nisibis and later Edessa. He composed madrāšê (teaching hymns) for liturgical use, often responding to theological controversies such as Arianism and Marcionism. Nativity 18 likely dates to his later Edessan period (after 363), though no external evidence fixes a precise year. The Syriac text survives in multiple manuscripts, with the earliest witnesses from the 5th–6th centuries, indicating a stable transmission within East Syriac liturgical tradition. The hymn was used for the Feast of the Nativity and cited in later Syriac exegetical works. Its genre is a madrāšâ, characterized by strophic structure, symbolic language, and typological exegesis. The work reflects Ephrem’s theological emphasis on Christ’s incarnation and its cosmic significance, using imagery such as the 'head's silver' (alluding to the census under Augustus) and the 'thirty peoples' (possibly referencing the thirty years of Christ’s life or Roman nations).

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

30 commentary units 7 term7 scripture5 background5 structure4 caution2 reception 2 derived notes 10 open questions 5 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • coverageNo English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed.
  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 5 narrative.
  • caution2 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-566:1 · narrativehigh
Source
ܒܰܪ ܩܳܠܶܗ ܒܰܫ̈ܢܰܝ ܡܰܠܟܰܐ ܗܰܘ ܕܰܩܪܰܐܽܘܗܝ ܒܰܫܡܳܐ ܕܨܶܡܚܳܐ ܕܢܰܚ ܗܘܳܐ ܡܳܪܰܢ ܒܶܝܬ ܥܶܒܪ̈ܳܝܶܐ ܘܐܰܡܠܶܟܘ ܘܐܶܬܰܘ ܨܶܡܚܳܐ ܘܕܶܢܚܳܐ ܡܰܠܟܳܐ ܒܐܰܪܥܳܐ ܘܰܒܪܳܐ ܒܪܰܘܡܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܫܽܘܠܛܳܢܶܗ [ܥܽܘܢܳܝܳܐ : ܠܳܟ ܬܶܫܒܽܘܚܬܳܐ ܕܰܒܗܳܢ ܥܺܐܕܳܐ ܐܰܦܨܰܚܬ ܥܰܠ ܟܽܠ] ܒܝܰܘܡܰܝ̈ ܡܰܠܟܳܐ ܕܰܟܬܰܒ ܐܢܳܫܳܐ ܒܰܟܣܶܦ ܪܺܫܳܐ ܢܚܶܬ ܦܳܪܽܘܩܰܢ ܘܰܟܬܰܒ ܐܢܳܫܳܐ ܒܰܣܦܰܪ ܚ̈ܰܝܶܐ ܟܬܰܒ ܐܳܦ ܟܰܬܒܽܘܗܝ ܒܪܰܘܡܳܐ ܟܰܬܒܰܢ ܒܐܰܪܥܳܐ ܟܰܬܒܽܘܗܝ ܫܽܘܒܚܳܐ ܠܰܫܡܶܗ ܐܺܝܠܺܝܕܽܘܬܶܗ ܒܝܰܘ̈ܡܰܝ ܡܰܠܟܳܐ ܕܰܫܡܶܗ [ܨܶܡܚܳܐ] ܡܰܠܟܳܐ ܘܡܰܠܟܳܐ ܨܶܡܚܳܐ ܘܕܶܢܚܳܐ ܨܠܺܝܒܶܗ ܛܶܥܢܶܬ ܗܿܝ ܡܠܟܘܬܐ [ܒܪܝܟ ܕܐܪܝܡܗܿ] ܫ̈ܢܝܐ ܬܠܬܝܢ [ܩܘܝ ܒܐܪܥܐ] ܡܣܟܢܐܝܬ ܩ̈ܠܐ ܕܫܘܒܚܐ ܒܟܠ ܦܘܪ̈ܫܢܝܢ ܢܓܕܘܠ ܐܚ̈ܝ ܠܫ̈ܢܝ ܡܪܢ ܠܫ̈ܢܝܢ ܬܠܬܝܢ ܟ̈ܠܝܠܝܢ ܬܠܬܝܢ ܒܪܝܟ ܡܘܠܕܗ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܚܕܰܬܳܐ ܡܳܪܰܬ ܓ̈ܰܙܶܐ ܘܡܰܠܝܰܬ ܛܽܘ̈ܒܶܐ ܢܰܘܕܽܘܢ ܥܰܡܰܢ ܟܪ̈ܽܘܒܶܐ ܕܰܛܥܶܢܘ ܠܰܒܪܳܐ ܒܫܽܘܒܚܳܐ ܫܒܰܩ ܬܶܫܒܽܘܚܬܶܗ ܘܠܐܺܝ ܘܐܶܫܟܰܚ ܥܶܪܒܳܐ ܕܐܶܒܰܕ ܠܶܗ ܬܰܘܕܺܝܬܳܐ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܬܰܪ̈ܬܶܝܢ ܣܪ̈ܳܦܶܐ ܢܶܣܓܽܘܢ ܢܰܘܕܽܘܢ ܥܰܡܰܢ ܕܩܰܕܶܫܘ ܠܰܒܪܳܐ ܗܦܰܟܘ ܘܰܚܙܰܐܽܘܗܝ ܟܰܕ ܡܶܨܛܰܚܶܐ ܒܶܝܬ ܟܳܦܽܘܪ̈ܶܐ ܣܰܝܒܰܪ ܒܶܙܚܳܐ ܘܐܰܠܶܦ ܫܽܘܒܚܳܐ ܠܶܗ ܬܶܫܒܽܘܚܬܳܐ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܰܬܠܳܬ ܕܒܶܝܬ ܡܺܝܟܳܐܶܝܠ ܢܰܘܕܽܘܢ ܥܰܡܰܢ ܕܰܡܫܰܡܫܺܝܢ ܗܘܰܘ ܠܰܒܪܳܐ ܒܪܰܘܡܳܐ ܚܙܰܐܽܘܗܝ ܒܐܰܪܥܳܐ ܕܰܡܫܰܡܶܫ ܗܘܳܐ ܐܰܫܺܝܓ ܪ̈ܶܓܠܶܐ ܡܪܰܩ ܢܰܦܫ̈ܳܬܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܡܽܘܟܳܟܶܗ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܐܰܪܒܰܥ ܬܰܘܕܶܐ ܥܰܡܰܢ ܫܡܰܝܳܐ ܕܟܽܠܳܗܿ ܙܥܽܘܪܳܝܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܠܰܒܪܳܐ ܘܬܶܗܪܰܬ ܕܰܚܙܳܬ ܕܰܓܢܶܐ ܒܥܰܪܣܶܗ ܕܙܰܟܳܝ ܫܺܝܛܳܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܡܠܶܐ ܥܰܪܣܳܐ
English
The son of his voice. Among the peoples of the king who proclaimed him, by the name of the Shoot that shone forth, the Lord, the house of the Hebrews, and they reigned, and they came. The Shoot and the Feast, the king in the land, and the son in the height, blessed his dominion. [Response: To you, praise, that on this feast you made glad over all.] In the days of the king who wrote the sign, with the head's silver, the Redeemer descended, and he wrote the sign in the book of life. He also wrote his writing in the height, he sealed. In the land, his glory wrote his name. His nativity in the days of the king, whose name [Shoot] is king and king. Shoot and Feast, his cross was carried. That kingdom [blessed, that raised him]. Thirty peoples [endure in the land]. Mutely, sounds of glory, in all divisions, the great one, my brothers, to the peoples of the Lord, to the thirty peoples. Thirty crowns, blessed his birth. At the first hour, the Lord of treasures, and she filled with blessings. They confessed with him, the cherubs who carried the son in glory. He left his praise, and went and found a lamb that had lost its confession. At the second hour, the seraphs multiplied, they confessed with him, who sanctified the son. They turned and saw him as he was shining among the deniers. He endured mockery, and he taught glory to him, praise. At the third hour, of the house of Michael, they confessed with him, who were ministering to the son in the height. They saw him in the land, who was ministering. He washed feet, he wiped away souls, blessed his humility. At the fourth hour, confessions with him. The heaven of all of her is small for the son, and she marveled that she saw him lying in his manger, that the victorious one, the infant, was filling the manger.
dsc-566:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ܘܰܡܠܳܐ ܫܡܰܝܳܐ ܠܶܗ ܪܰܒܽܘܬܳܐ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܚܰܡܶܫ ܫܶܡܫܳܐ ܕܡܰܘܩܶܕ ܠܐܰܪܥܳܐ ܒܗܰܘܦܶܗ ܢܰܘܕܶܐ ܠܫܶܡܫܰܢ ܕܐܰܪܟܶܢ ܡܶܬܚܶܗ ܘܐܰܪܶܟ ܥܽܘܙܶܗ ܕܰܬܣܰܦܶܩ ܬܶܚܙܶܝܘܗܝ ܥܰܝܢܳܐ ܪܦܺܝܬܳܐ ܕܢܰܦܫܳܐ ܟܣܺܝܬܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܙܰܠܺܝܩܶܗ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܫܶܬ ܬܽܘܒ ܬܰܘܕܶܐ ܥܰܡܰܢ ܐܳܐܰܪ ܟܽܠܳܗܿ ܕܰܒܪܰܒܽܘܬܳܗܿ ܡܶܬܓܰܐܶܐ ܟܽܠ ܚܙܳܬ ܠܡܳܪܳܗܿ ܪܰܒܳܐ ܕܰܗܘܳܐ ܥܽܘܠܳܐ ܙܥܽܘܪܳܐ ܒܥܽܘܒܳܐ ܙܥܽܘܪܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܐܺܝܩܳܪܶܗ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܰܫܒܰܥ ܥܢ̈ܳܢܶܐ ܘܪ̈ܽܘܚܶܐ ܝܰܒܶܒ ܥܰܡܰܢ ܘܪܰܣܶܣ ܛܰܠܳܐ ܒܐܰܦܰܝ̈ ܦܰܩ̈ܚܶܐ ܚ̈ܙܰܝ ܕܶܝܢ ܠܰܒܪܳܐ ܕܫܰܥܒܶܕ ܙܺܝܘܶܗ ܘܩܰܒܶܠ ܨܰܥܪܳܐ ܘܪܽܘܩܳܐ ܛܰܡܐܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܦܽܘܪܩܳܢܶܗ ܐܳܦ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܬܽܘܒ ܗܳܝ ܕܬܶܡܢܶܐ ܒܪܺܝܬܳܐ ܬܫܰܒܰܚ ܕܝܳܢܩܺܝܢ ܦܺܐܪ̈ܶܝܗܿ ܡܶܢ ܡܰܒ̈ܽܘܥܶܝܗܿ ܣܶܓܕܰܬ ܕܰܚܙܳܬ ܠܰܒܪܳܐ ܒܟܶܢܦܶܐ ܘܐܰܝܢܶܩ ܕܰܟܝܳܐ ܚܰܠܒܳܐ ܕܰܟܝܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܨܶܒܝܳܢܶܗ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܰܬܫܰܥ ܐܰܪܥܳܐ ܬܫܰܒܰܚ ܕܡܳܐ ܕܐܶܬܪܰܓܺܝ ܥܽܘܒܳܗܿ ܥܰܩܪܳܐ ܟܶܢ ܗܽܘ ܡܰܘܠܶܕ ܚܙܳܬ ܠܡܰܪܝܰܡ ܐܰܪܥܳܐ ܨܗܺܝܬܳܐ ܕܦܺܐܪܳܐ ܕܝܶܗܒܰܬ ܝܰܡܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܪܰܒܳܐ ܠܶܗ ܪܽܘܡܪܳܡܳܐ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܰܥܣܰܪ ܛܽܘܪܳܐ ܕܣܺܝܢܰܝ ܢܫܰܒܰܚ ܕܰܦܫܰܪ ܩܽܘܕܡܰܬ ܡܳܪܶܗ ܚܙܳܐ ܕܥܰܠ ܡܳܪܶܗ ܟܺܐܦ̈ܶܐ ܫܩܰܠܘ ܗܘܰܘ ܩܰܒܶܠ ܟܺܐܦ̈ܶܐ ܕܥܺܕܬܶܗ ܢܶܒܢܶܐ ܠܥܶܠ ܡܶܢ ܟܺܐܦ̈ܶܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܒܶܢܝܳܢܶܗ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܰܥܣܰܪ ܘܰܚܕܳܐ ܢܰܘܕܶܐ ܝܰܡܳܐ ܪܰܒܳܐ ܠܫܽܘܥܠܶܗ ܕܰܒܪܳܐ ܗܰܘ ܕܐܰܟܺܝܠܶܗ ܘܰܬܗܰܪ ܕܰܚܙܳܝܗܝ ܕܰܢܚܶܬ ܘܰܥܡܰܕ ܒܡ̈ܰܝܳܐ ܙܥܽܘܪ̈ܶܐ ܡܪܰܩ ܒܶܪ̈ܝܳܬܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܢܶܨܚܳܢܶܗ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܬܰܪ̈ܬܶܝܢ ܘܰܥܣܰܪ̈ ܢܰܘܕܶܐ ܗܰܝܟܰܠ ܩܽܘܕܫܳܐ ܕܰܚܙܳܐ ܠܫܰܒܪܳܐ ܟܰܕ ܝܳܬܶܒ ܗܘܳܐ ܒܰܝܢܳܬ ܣܳܒ̈ܶܐ ܫܬܶܩܘ ܐܽܘܟܳܡ̈ܶܐ ܕܰܦܥܳܐ ܒܥܺܐܕܶܗ
English
And he filled the heavens with his greatness. At the fifth hour, the sun that burns the earth with its heat, confess to its Lord that it extended its course and lengthened its journey, so that the lowly eye might see him, the hidden face, blessed is his radiance. At the sixth hour, again confess with him, light up all of her greatness, she boasts, all creation sees her Lord. The great one who was a small child, in a small cradle, blessed is his honor. At the seventh hour, clouds and winds moaned with him and sprinkled dew. On the faces of the fruits, see the Son who subjected his radiance and received spittle and foul spittle, blessed is his salvation. Also at the eighth hour, again that which is defiled, creation praises that its fruits are pressed. From its springs, it worshipped because it saw the Son on the rocks, and the pure one pressed pure milk, blessed is his will. At the ninth hour, the earth praises that its root was planted as a stump. Like the one who gives birth, Mary saw the earth, thirsty, which gave the fruit. The sea is great, its height to him. At the tenth hour, the mountain of Sinai praised that it crumbled before its Lord. It saw that upon its Lord stones were taken. It received the stones of his church, desired above the stones, blessed is his request. At the eleventh hour, confess, the great sea to the drowning of the Son, the one who swallowed him and was troubled because it saw him, who descended and was baptized in small waters, he cleansed the creatures, blessed is his victory. At the twelfth hour, confess, the temple of holiness that saw the child when he sat among the elders. The dark ones were silent who struck at his feast.
dsc-566:3 · narrativehigh
Source
ܐܶܡܰܪ ܥܺܐܕܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܚܽܘܣܳܝܶܗ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܰܬܠܳܬ ܘܰܥܣܰܪ̈ ܢܰܘܕܽܘܢ ܥܰܡܰܢ ܬܳܓ̈ܶܐ ܡܰܠܟܳܐ ܕܰܢܨܰܚ ܐܳܦ ܐܶܬܟܰܠܰܠ ܒܰܟܠܺܝܠ ܟܽܘܒ̈ܶܐ ܩܛܰܪ ܠܶܗ ܠܐܳܕܳܡ ܬܳܓܳܐ ܪܰܒܳܐ ܥܰܠ ܝܰܡܺܝܢܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܫܳܠܽܘܚܶܗ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܰܥܣܰܪ̈ ܘܐܰܪ̈ܒܰܥ ܢܰܘܕܶܐ ܦܶܨܚܳܐ ܕܡܶܨܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܠܦܶܨܚܳܐ ܕܐܶܬܳܐ ܘܐܰܦܣܰܚ ܥܰܠ ܟܽܠ ܘܰܚܠܳܦ ܦܶܪܥܽܘܢ ܛܰܒܰܥ ܠܶܓܝܽܘܢ ܚܠܳܦ ܦܪ̈ܺܫܶܐ ܠܫܺܐܕ̈ܶܐ ܚܰܢܶܩ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܦܽܘܪܥܳܢܶܗ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܚܰܡܶܫ ܘܰܥܣܰܪ̈ ܢܰܘܕܶܐ ܐܶܡܰܪ ܥܳܢܳܐ ܕܠܰܘ ܐܰܝܟ ܡܽܘܫܶܐ ܩܰܛܠܶܗ ܡܳܪܰܢ ܘܰܦܪܰܩ ܒܰܕܡܶܗ ܠܰܒܢܰܝ̈ܢܳܫܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܪܳܥܶܐ ܟܽܠ ܡܺܝܬ ܡܶܛܽܠ ܟܽܠ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܝܳܠܽܘܕܶܗ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܰܥܣܰܪ̈ ܘܰܕܫܶܬ ܬܰܘܕܶܐ ܚܶܛܬܳܐ ܒܐܪܳܙܳܐ ܠܗܰܘ ܐܰܟܳܪܳܐ ܕܰܙܪܰܥ ܦܰܓܪܶܗ ܒܐܰܪܥܳܐ ܥܩܰܪܬܳܐ ܕܥܰܠ ܟܽܠ ܟܶܡܰܬ ܫܶܘܚܰܬ ܝܶܗܒܰܬ ܠܰܚܡܳܐ ܚܰܕܬܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܙܰܟܳܝܳܐ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܥܶܣܪ̈ܶܐ ܘܰܫܒܰܥ ܬܰܘܕܶܐ ܓܦܶܬܳܐ ܠܡܳܪܰܢ ܟܰܪܡܳܐ ܕܩܽܘܫܬܳܐ ܗܘܰܝ̈ ܢܰܦܫ̈ܳܬܳܐ ܐܰܝܟ ܢܶܨܒ̈ܳܬܳܐ ܫܰܝܶܢ ܟܰܪܡܳܐ ܘܐܰܚܪܶܒ ܟܰܪܡܳܐ ܕܝܰܗܒ ܚܰܪ̈ܽܘܒܶܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܥܳܩܽܘܪܶܗ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܰܥܣܰܪ̈ ܘܰܫܒܰܥ ܬܰܘܕܶܐ ܓܦܶܬܳܐ ܕܐܰܟܠܳܗܿ ܚܙܺܝܪܳܐ ܕܥܳܒܳܐ ܠܟܰܪܡܳܐ ܕܩܽܘܫܬܳܐ ܕܰܦܠܰܚ ܢܰܦܫܶܗ ܘܰܢܛܰܪ ܦܺܐܪܶܗ ܘܩܰܪܶܒ ܦܺܐܪܳܐ ܠܡܳܪܶܐ ܟܰܪܡܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܦܰܠܳܚܶܗ 23 ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܰܥܣܰܪ̈ ܐܳܦ ܕܰܬܡܳܢܶܐ ܢܰܘܕܶܐ ܚܡܺܝܪܳܢ ܠܰܚܡܺܝܪ ܩܽܘܫܬܳܐ ܕܰܚܠܶܕ ܘܰܢܓܰܕ ܟܽܠ ܪ̈ܶܥܝܳܢܺܝܢ ܘܰܥܒܰܕ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܚܰܕ ܪܶܥܝܳܢܳܐ ܒܚܰܕ ܝܽܘܠܦܳܢܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܝܽܘܠܦܳܢܳܟ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܰܥܣܰܪ̈ ܘܰܬܫܰܥ ܬܰܘܕܶܐ ܡܶܠܚܳܐ ܠܦܰܓܪܳܟ ܥܽܘܠܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟܳܐ ܢܰܦܫܳܐ ܐܺܝܬܶܝܗܿ ܡܶܠܚܶܗ ܕܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܘܗܰܝܡܳܢܽܘܬܳܐ ܡܶܠܚܳܐ ܕܢܰܦܫܳܐ
English
The blessed festival said at its conclusion: At the thirteenth hour, the king who triumphed over the nations with their crowns was also crowned with a crown of stars. He bound a great crown for Adam upon his right hand, the blessed one of his sending. At the fourteenth hour, the Passover of the Egyptians to the Passover that came, and it passed over all and changed the Pharaoh. He drowned the legion in place of the nobles; for the demons he embraced, the blessed one of his redemption. At the fifteenth hour, the lamb that was not like the sacrifice, the Lord killed it and redeemed with its blood; for the living, he is the shepherd of all; he died for the sake of all, the blessed one of his birth. At the sixteenth hour, the sin in the mystery for that farmer who sowed his body in the barren land, which over all was like a dung-heap, gave new bread, the blessed victorious one. At the seventeenth hour, the vine-dresser of the Lord of the vineyard of truth, the souls like clusters, he laid waste the vineyard and destroyed the vineyard that gave carobs, the blessed one of his uprooting. At the seventeenth hour, the vine-dresser whose produce the boar of the wood devoured, for the vineyard of truth that labored its soul and guarded its fruit and offered the fruit to the owner of the vineyard, the blessed one of his laborer. At the twenty-third hour, the leavened to the leaven of truth, which dissolved and curdled all the thoughts and made them one thought by one teaching, the blessed one of your teaching. At the twenty-ninth hour, the salt for your body, the blessed circle; the soul is the salt of the body, and faith is the salt of the soul.
dsc-566:4 · narrativemedium
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ܕܒܳܗܿ ܡܶܬܢܰܛܪܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܢܽܘܛܳܪܳܟ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܥܶܣܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܢܰܘܕܶܐ ܥܰܡܰܢ ܥܽܘܬܪܳܐ ܕܙܰܒܢܳܐ ܕܐܰܪܫܠܶܘ ܫܰܒܩܽܘܗܝ ܐܢܳܫܳܐ ܓܡܺܝܪ̈ܶܐ ܡܶܛܽܠ ܘܳܝܳܐ ܘܐܶܬܰܘ ܪܰܚܡܽܘܗܿ ܠܡܶܣܟܺܢܽܘܬܳܐ ܡܶܛܽܠ ܛܽܘܒܳܗܿ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܕܰܨܒܳܐ ܒܳܗܿ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܥܶܣܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܘܰܚܕܳܐ ܢܰܘܕܽܘܢ ܡܰܝ̈ܳܐ [ܕܚܰܠܺܝܘ ܒܪܳܐܙܶܗ ܕܰܒܪܳܐ ܒܕܶܒܫܶܗ] ܕܫܶܡܫܽܘܢ ܥܰܡ̈ܡܶܐ ܡܪܰܘ ܗܘܰܘ ܕܰܚܪܶܒ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܚܝܰܘ ܒܰܙܩܺܝܦܳܐ ܕܰܦܪܰܩ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܒܽܘܣܳܡܳܟ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܥܶܣܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܘܬܰܪ̈ܬܶܝܢ ܢܰܘܕܶܐ ܙܰܝܢܳܐ ܘܣܰܝܦܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܣܦܰܩܘ ܩܰܛܠܽܘܗܝ ܠܰܒܥܶܠ ܕܳܪܰܢ ܐܰܢܬ ܗܽܘ ܩܰܛܠܽܘܗܝ ܘܐܰܢܬ ܗܽܘ ܩܒܰܥܬܶܗ ܠܐܶܕܢܳܐ ܕܦܰܣܩܳܗܿ ܣܰܝܦܶܗ ܕܫܶܡܥܽܘܢ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܚܽܘܠܡܳܢܳܟ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܥܶܣܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܘܰܬܠܳܬ ܬܰܘܕܶܐ ܐܳܦ ܐܰܬܳܢܳܐ ܕܝܶܗܒܰܬ ܥܺܝܠܳܐ ܕܰܥܠܰܘܗܝ ܢܶܪܟܰܒ ܦܳܬܰܚ ܦܽܘܡܳܐ ܐܳܦ ܠܰܥܪ̈ܳܕܶܐ ܝܰܠܕܳܗܿ ܕܗܳܓܳܪ ܝܰܗܒ ܗܽܘܠܳܠܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܗܽܘܠܳܠܳܟ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܥܶܣܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܘܐܰܪ̈ܒܰܥ ܢܰܘܕܶܐ ܥܽܘܬܪܳܐ ܠܰܒܪܳܐ ܬܗܰܪܘ ܗܘܰܘ ܓ̈ܰܙܶܐ ܒܡܳܪܶܐ ܓ̈ܰܙܶܐ ܟܰܕ ܡܶܬܪܰܒܶܐ ܒܶܝܬ ܡܶܣ̈ܟܺܢܶܐ ܡܰܣܟܶܢ ܢܰܦܫܶܗ ܕܰܠܟܽܠ ܢܶܥܬܰܪ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܚܽܘܠܛܳܢܳܟ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܥܶܣܪ̈ܺܝܢ [ܘܚܰܡܶܫ] ܢܰܘܕܶܐ ܐܺܝܣܚܳܩ ܠܰܒܪܳܐ [ܕܚܣܟܶܗ] ܒܛܽܘܪܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܣܰܟܺܝܢܳܐ ܘܰܗܘܳܐ ܚܠܳܦܰܘܗܝ ܐܶܡܰܪ ܩܶܛܠܳܐ ܦܠܰܛ ܡܳܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܘܡܺܝܬ ܡܰܚܶܐ ܟܽܠ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܩܽܘܪܒܳܢܶܗ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܥܶܣܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܘܰܕܫܶܬ ܢܰܘܕܶܐ ܥܰܡܰܢ ܡܽܘܫܶܐ ܕܰܕܚܶܠ ܘܰܥܪܰܩ ܡܶܢ ܩ̈ܳܛܽܘܠܶܐ ܢܰܘܕܶܐ ܠܰܒܪܳܐ ܕܗܽܘܝܽܘ ܒܪ̈ܶܓܠܰܘܗܝ ܥܰܠ ܠܳܗܿ ܠܰܫܝܽܘܠ ܒܰܙܳܗܿ ܘܰܢܦܰܩ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܟ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܐܺܝܬܶܝܗܿ ܕܥܶܣܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܘܰܫܒܰܥ ܣܢܺܓܪ̈ܶܐ ܡ̈ܠܺܝܠܶܐ ܢܰܘܕܽܘܢ ܠܰܒܪܳܐ
English
with which your blessed crown is adorned. At the twentieth hour, the peoples with their crowns left the crown of the sacrifice which Jerusalem had abandoned. The perfect ones were troubled because of woe, and her lovers came to poverty because of her blessed one who desired her. At the twenty-first hour, the peoples made known the waters [which grew sweet in the mystery of the Son, in his honey]; the peoples were nourished by the one who destroyed their teeth; they lived by the crucified one who saved their teeth; blessed is your salvation. At the twenty-second hour, the peoples did not suffice with arms and sword to kill him, the enemy of the arm; you yourself killed him, and you yourself buried him in the place of its cutting. Blessed is the sword of Simon your health. At the twenty-third hour, the peoples also the sign which gave a yoke upon which he rode, opened a mouth. Also to the scorpions, the mother of Hagar gave a howl; blessed is your howl. At the twenty-fourth hour, the peoples were showing treasures to the son; with the lord of treasures, while being raised in the house of the poor, he makes himself poor, so that he might enrich all; blessed is your mixture. At the twenty-fifth hour, the peoples Isaac to the son [of his darkness] on the mountain from the knife, and he became his substitute. He said, "The slayer came out from the deadness, and the reviver of all died"; blessed is his offering. At the twenty-sixth hour, the peoples with Moses, who feared and fled from the killers, the peoples to the son whose feet trod upon her, to Sheol, in her poison, and he came out; blessed is your seal. At the hour which is the twenty-seventh, the peoples the eloquent prisoners made known to the son.
dsc-566:5 · narrativemedium
Source
ܕܠܳܐ ܐܶܫܟܰܚܘ ܠܶܗ ܦܽܘܪܣܳܐ ܠܕܺܝܢܰܢ ܕܐܰܝܟܰܢ ܢܶܙܟܶܐ ܫܒܰܩ ܠܰܝܬ ܕܺܝܢܳܐ ܘܰܙܟܺܝ ܕܺܝܢܰܢ ܠܶܗ ܩܽܘܠܳܣܳܐ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܥܶܣܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܘܰܫܒܰܥ ܢܰܘܕܽܘܢ ܟܽܠ ܕܰܝ̈ܳܢܶܐ ܕܰܠܥܰܘ̈ܳܠܶܐ ܩܛܰܠܘ ܐܰܝܟ ܟܺܐܢ̈ܶܐ ܢܰܘܕܽܘܢ ܠܰܒܪܳܐ ܕܰܚܠܳܦ ܒܺܝ̈ܫܶܐ ܡܺܝܬ ܐܰܝܟ ܛܳܒܳܐ ܟܰܕ ܒܰܪ ܟܺܐܢܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܒܪ̈ܺܝܟܺܝܢ ܪ̈ܰܚܡܰܘܗܝ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܥܶܣܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܐܳܦ ܕܰܬܡܳܢܶܐ ܢܰܘܕܽܘܢ ܠܰܒܪܳܐ ܟܽܠ ܓܰܢܒܳܪ̈ܶܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܦܪܰܩܽܘܢ ܗܘܰܘ ܡܶܢ ܫܰܒܳܝܳܐ ܚܰܕ ܗܽܘ ܣܓܺܝܕܳܐ ܕܰܗܘܳܐ ܢܟܺܝܣܳܐ ܐܰܕܪܶܟ ܦܰܪܩܰܢ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܦܽܘܨܳܝܳܟ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܥܶܣܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܘܰܬܫܰܥ ܢܰܘܕܶܐ ܥܰܡܰܢ ܐܺܝܽܘܒ ܕܰܣܒܰܠ ܚܰܫ̈ܶܐ ܡܶܛܽܠ ܢܰܦܫܶܗ ܘܰܣܒܰܠ ܡܳܪܰܢ ܡܶܛܠܳܬܰܢ ܪܽܘܩܳܐ ܘܢܶܓ̈ܕܶܐ ܟܰܘ̈ܒܶܐ ܘܨ̈ܶܨܶܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܗܽܘ ܚܢܳܢܶܗ ܒܫܰܢܬܳܐ ܕܐܺܝܬܶܝܗܿ ܗܳܝ ܕܰܬܠܳܬܺܝܢ ܢܰܘܕܽܘܢ ܥܰܡܰܢ ܡܺܝ̈ܬܶܐ ܕܰܚܝܰܘ ܒܝܰܕ ܡܺܝܬܽܘܬܶܗ ܚ̈ܰܝܶܐ ܕܰܦܢܰܘ ܒܰܙܩܺܝܦܽܘܬܶܗ ܘܪܰܘܡܳܐ ܘܥܽܘܡܩܳܐ ܕܐܶܫܬܰܝܰܢ ܒܶܗ ܒܶܪܝ ܗܽܘ ܘܐܰܒܽܘܗܝ ܫܠܶܡܘ ܡܰܕܪ̈ܳܫܶܐ ܕܒܶܝܬ ܝܰܠܕܶܗ ܕܡܳܪܰܢ ܕܣܺܝܡ ܠܡܳܪܝ ܐܰܦܪܶܝܡ ܛܽܘܒܳܢܳܐ ܫܽܘܒܚܳܐ ܠܐܰܒܳܐ ܘܠܰܒܪܳܐ ܘܰܠܪܽܘܚܳܐ ܕܩܽܘܕܫܳܐ ܗܳܫܳܐ ܘܰܒܟܽܠܙܒܰܢ ܘܰܠܥܳܠܰܡ ܥܳܠܡܺܝܢ ܐܰܡܺܝܢ
English
They could not find a ransom for the Just One, for how could the Just One leave a place where there is no justice? And the Just One himself is praise. At the twenty-seventh hour, all the righteous who killed the wicked sounded the horn for the Son, who died like a good man in place of the evil, though he was the son of a righteous man, blessed are his lovers. At the twentieth hour, also the perfect ones sounded the horn for the Son, all the heroes who had not been saved from the Sabbath. One was the worshipper who was hidden; he reached the blessed feast of your salvation. At the twenty-ninth hour, they sounded the horn with Job, who bore sufferings for his own sake, and bore the Lord for the sake of others: spittle and sinews, stars and sparks, blessed is his struggle. At the hour which is the thirtieth, they sounded the horn with the dead who lived through his death, the life of the face, through his crucifixion and height and depth, in which the Son and his Father were mingled. The madrāšê of the Nativity of the Lord are completed, which were composed by the blessed Mār Ephrem. Glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, now and always, and to the end of the ages. Amen.
Citation. Tergwame, “Nativity 18”, dsc-566:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-566#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0041 · generated 2026-11-15.