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Syriac · Other · mid-4th century

Nativity 17

Ephrem the Syrian · syriac

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machine-draft · no human review 3 passages · 766 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Nativity 17 is a Syriac madrāšā (teaching hymn) attributed to Ephrem the Syrian, likely composed in Edessa during the later period of his life (c. 363–373). The hymn celebrates the birth of Christ, weaving together typological contrasts between Eve and Mary, the flight into Egypt, and the bewilderment of Herod. It survives in a single manuscript tradition with minor scribal variants, and was later incorporated into the East Syriac liturgical cycle for the Feast of the Nativity. The English translation occasionally expands Ephrem's terse Syriac into explanatory phrases, so readers should consult the original for poetic density.

Nativity 17 exemplifies Ephrem's typological and symbolic theology, particularly the Mary–Eve parallel and the theme of error versus truth. It is a key witness to the development of Nativity hymnography in the Syriac tradition and to the liturgical reception of Ephrem's works in the East Syriac church. The hymn also illustrates the poetic density and theological richness of Ephrem's madrāšê, which influenced later Syriac and Byzantine hymnography.

Historical context

Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373) was a deacon, poet, and theologian active in Nisibis and later Edessa. The madrāšê on the Nativity are generally dated to his Edessene period (c. 363–373), after the Roman cession of Nisibis to Persia in 363. Edessa was a major center of Syriac Christianity, where Ephrem composed hymns for liturgical and catechetical use. The Syriac language and the madrāšā genre—a stanzaic hymn with a refrain—reflect the oral and performative character of early Syriac Christian worship. Nativity 17 survives in a single manuscript tradition, with some stanzas showing minor scribal variants in the refrain structure. Its incorporation into the East Syriac liturgical cycle for the Nativity feast attests to its later liturgical use, though its exact place in the office is not consistently attested. No critical apparatus or collation of multiple manuscripts is provided in this edition.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

18 commentary units 3 structure3 term3 scripture3 background3 caution1 parallel1 reception1 sense 3 derived notes 5 open questions 3 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 3 narrative.
  • caution3 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-565:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ܒܰܪ ܩܳܠܶܗ ܛܰܥܢܰܢܝ ܥܽܘܠܳܐ ܕܰܛܥܺܝܢܳܐ ܐܢܳܐ ܐܶܡܪܰܬ ܡܰܪܝܰܡ ܘܐܰܪܟܶܢ ܟܶܢܦܰܘ̈ܗܝ ܘܰܫܩܰܠ ܣܳܡܰܢܝ ܒܰܝܢܳܬ ܓܶܦܰܘ̈ܗܝ ܘܰܓܕܰܠ ܒܳܐܰܐܪ ܘܐܶܫܬܰܘܕܺܝ ܠܺܝ ܕܪܰܘܡܳܐ ܘܥܽܘܡܩܳܐ ܕܰܒܪܶܟܝ ܢܶܗܽܘܘܢ ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ : ܠܳܟ ܬܶܫܒܽܘܚܬܳܐ ܒܰܪ ܒܳܪܽܘܝܳܐ ܕܰܠܟܽܠ ܡܰܚܶܒ ܚܙܺܝܬ ܓܰܒܪܺܝܐܶܝܠ ܕܰܩܪܳܝܗܝ ܡܳܪܳܐ ܘܰܠܪܰܒ ܟܽܘܡܪ̈ܶܐ ܥܰܒܕܳܐ ܣܳܒܳܐ ܕܙܰܝܰܚ ܛܰܥܢܶܗ ܚܙܺܝܬ ܠܰܡܓܽܘ̈ܫܶܐ ܟܰܕ ܡܶܬܟܦܶܝܢ ܘܰܠܗܶܪܽܘܕܶܣ ܟܰܕ ܡܶܬܒܰܠܗܶܐ ܕܐܶܬܳܐ ܡܰܠܟܳܐ ܐܳܦ ܣܛܳܢܳܐ ܕܚܳܢܶܩ ܫܰܒܪ̈ܶܐ ܕܢܺܐܒܰܕ ܡܽܘܫܶܐ ܩܳܛܶܠ ܫܰܒܪ̈ܶܐ ܕܰܢܡܽܘܬ ܚܰܝܳܐ ܠܡܶܨܪܶܝܢ ܐܶܥܪܽܘܩ ܕܐܶܬܳܐ ܠܺܝܗܽܘܕ ܕܢܶܠܐܶܐ ܘܢܶܦܗܶܐ ܕܰܠܨܰܝܳܕܶܗ ܒܳܥܶܐ ܕܰܢܨܽܘܕ ܒܰܒܬܽܘܠܽܘܬܳܗܿ ܛܰܪ̈ܦܶܐ ܕܒܶܙܚܳܐ ܠܶܒܫܰܬ ܚܰܘܳܐ ܐܶܡܳܟ ܠܶܒܫܰܬ ܒܰܒܬܽܘܠܽܘܬܳܗܿ ܢܰܚܬܳܐ ܕܫܽܘܒܚܳܐ ܕܰܠܟܽܠ ܣܳܦܶܩ ܦܪܺܝܣܳܐ ܙܥܽܘܪܳܐ ܕܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܝܰܗܒܬ ܠܰܡܟܰܣܶܐ ܟܽܠ ܛܽܘܒܶܝܗܿ ܠܐܺܝܕܳܐ ܕܐܰܢܬ ܒܠܶܒܳܗܿ ܘܰܒܪܶܥܝܳܢܳܗܿ ܒܺܝܪܰܬ ܡܰܠܟܳܐ ܗܺܝ ܒܳܟ ܒܰܪ ܡܰܠܟܳܐ ܘܰܩܕܽܘܫ ܩܽܘ̈ܕܫܶܐ ܠܳܟ ܪܰܒ ܟܽܘܡܪ̈ܶܐ ܠܳܐ ܨܶܦܬܳܐ ܠܳܗܿ ܐܳܦ ܠܳܐ ܬܥܳܫܳܐ ܕܒܰܝܬܳܐ ܘܓܰܒܪܳܐ ܗܘܳܬ ܬܽܘܒ ܚܰܘܳܐ ܢܶܩܥܶܐ ܘܩܰܒܪܳܐ ܠܚܶܘܝܳܐ ܠܺܝܛܳܐ ܕܥܰܠ ܘܰܥܡܰܪ ܒܳܗܿ ܡܶܠܟܶܗ ܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܗܘܳܬ ܠܶܗ ܠܰܚܡܳܐ ܕܰܗܘܳܬ ܥܰܦܪܳܐ ܐܰܢܬ ܗܽܘ ܠܰܚܡܰܢ ܘܐܰܢܬ ܗܽܘ [ܓܢܽܘܢܰܢ] ܘܐܶܣܛܰܠ ܫܽܘܒܚܰܢ ܕܐܺܝܬ ܠܳܗܿ ܩܽܘܕܫܳܐ ܐܶܢ ܩܰܢܺܝܛܳܐ ܗܳܐ ܢܳܛܽܘܪܶܗ ܕܐܺܝܬ ܠܳܗܿ ܥܽܘܠܳܐ ܗܳܐ ܫܰܒܽܘܩܶܗ ܕܐܺܝܬ ܠܳܗܿ ܫܺܐܕܳܐ ܗܳܐ ܪܳܕܽܘܦܶܗ ܘܰܕܟܺܐܒܰܝ̈ܗܽܘܢ ܗܳܐ ܥܳܨܽܘܒܳܐ ܠܰܬܒܳܪ̈ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܕܐܺܝܬ ܠܳܗܿ ܝܰܠܕܳܐ ܢܺܐܬܶܐ ܢܶܗܘܶܐ ܐܰܚܳܐ ܠܰܪܚܽܘܡܝ ܕܐܺܝܬ ܠܳܗܿ ܒܰܪܬܳܐ
English
The Son of His Voice The error of the straying one has erred, I said, Mary spoke and set his stones in place, And he took the hearing of the house of his wings, And he kindled a fire and confessed to me The height and depth of your knees, they were The error: to you is praise, Son of the Creator who loves all. I saw Gabriel, whom the Lord called, And to the chief of priests, an aged servant, Whose error I saw the magi rejoicing, As they were bowed down, and Herod Was bewildered that a king had come. Also the sword that strangles the children, That Moses the killer of children might perish, That the likeness of the living might flee to Egypt, That he came to Judah, weary and amazed, That his hunter seeks to hunt. In her virginity, the leaves of victory She put on, Eve your mother put on In her virginity, the garment of glory That suffices for all, the small extended one, Of the body you gave to cover all. Blessed is her hand that came with her heart, And in her will she inherited the king, she In you, Son of the King and Holy of Holies. To you, chief of priests, she had no need, Nor the care of house and husband, She became again Eve, the cry and the tomb, For the accursed serpent that entered and dwelt in her, His evil counsel was bread for her, That which was dust, you are bread, And you are [the body] and the stole of glory, That she has holiness, even in summer. Behold her guardian, that she has error, Behold her forgiver, that she has a demon, Behold her persecutor and her pains, Behold the oppressor of their brokenness, That she has a son, he comes, he will be, A brother to my compassionate one, that she has a daughter.
dsc-565:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ܐܳܘ ܒܰܪܬ ܛܽܘܗܡܳܐ ܬܺܐܬܳܐ ܬܶܗܘܶܐ ܡܟܺܝܪܰܬ ܝܰܩܺܝܪܝ ܘܕܐܺܝܬ ܠܶܗ ܥܰܒܕܳܐ ܢܶܫܪܶܝܘܗܝ ܢܺܐܬܶܐ ܢܶܦܠܽܘܚ ܡܳܪܶܗ ܒܰܪ ܚܺܐܪ̈ܶܐ ܒܶܪܝ ܕܰܫܩܰܠ ܢܺܝܪܳܟ ܚܰܕ ܗܽܘ ܐܰܓܪܶܗ ܘܥܰܒܕܳܐ ܕܰܛܥܶܢ ܙܰܘܓܳܐ ܕܢܺܝܪ̈ܶܐ ܕܰܬܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܡܳܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܕܰܠܥܶܠ ܘܕܰܠܬܰܚܬ ܬܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܠܶܗ ܛܽܘܒ̈ܺܝܢ ܘܰܬܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܐܰܓܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܕܰܬܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܝܽܘܩܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܒܰܪܬ ܚܺܐܪ̈ܶܐ ܒܶܪܝ ܐܰܡܬܳܟ ܗܺܝ ܬܽܘܒ ܐܶܢ ܠܳܟ ܬܶܦܠܽܘܚ ܘܰܡܫܰܥܒܰܕܬܳܐ ܒܳܟ ܒܰܪܬ ܚܺܐܪ̈ܶܐ ܗܺܝ ܒܳܟ ܬܶܬܒܰܝܰܐ ܕܰܡܚܰܪܰܪܬܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܚܪ̈ܽܘܪܶܐ ܟܣܰܝ̈ܳܐ ܒܥܽܘܒܳܗܿ ܣܺܝܡܺܝܢ ܐܶܢ [ܠܳܟ] ܬܶܪܚܰܡ ܐܳܘ ܢܰܟ̈ܦܳܬܳܐ ܣܘܰܚ ܠܶܗ ܠܰܪܚܽܘܡܝ ܕܰܒܟܶܝܢ ܢܶܫܪܶܐ ܘܐܳܦ ܛܰܡ̈ܐܳܬܳܐ ܕܰܢܩܰܕܰܫܟܶܝܢ ܐܳܦ ܥܺܕ̈ܬܐ ܕܰܢܨܰܒܬܟܶܝܢ ܒܰܪ ܒܳܪܽܘܝܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܕܐܶܬܳܐ ܕܢܶܒܕܽܘܩ ܟܽܠ ܒܶܪ̈ܝܳܬܳܐ [ܫܡܰܝܳܐ] ܚܕܶܬ ܕܰܣܓܶܕܘ ܣ̈ܰܟܠܶܐ [ܠܟܽܠ] ܢܰܗܺܝܪ̈ܶܐ ܚܰܕܶܬ ܠܐܰܪܥܳܐ ܕܒܶܠܝܰܬ ܒܐܳܕܳܡ ܓܒܺܝܠܬܳܐ ܚܰܕܬܳܐ ܗܘܳܬ ܒܳܪܽܘܩܶܗ ܘܕܰܠܟܽܠ ܣܳܦܶܩ ܬܳܪܶܨ ܦܰܓܪ̈ܶܐ ܥܰܡ ܪ̈ܶܥܝܳܢܶܐ ܬܰܘ ܣܡܰܝ̈ܳܐ ܘܰܕܠܳܐ ܟܶܣܦܳܐ ܣܰܒܘ ܢܰܗܺܝܪ̈ܶܐ ܬܰܘ ܚܓܺܝܪ̈ܳܬܳܐ ܣܰܒܘ ܪ̈ܶܓܠܰܝܟܽܘܢ ܕܽܘ̈ܓܶܐ ܘܚܰܪ̈ܫܶܐ ܣܰܒܘ ܩܳܠܰܝ̈ܟܽܘܢ ܘܕܐܺܝܕܶܗ ܦܫܺܝܓܳܐ ܦܫܺܝ̈ܓܶܐ ܢܶܣܒܽܘܢ ܐܳܦ ܐܺܝܕܰܝ̈ܗܽܘܢ ܒܰܪ ܒܳܪܽܘܝܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܕܰܡܠܶܝܢ ܓܰܙܰܘܗ̈ܝ ܟܽܠ ܥܽܘܕܪ̈ܳܢܺܝܢ ܠܐܰܝܢܳܐ ܕܰܣܢܺܝܩ ܡܶܢ ܒܳܒ̈ܳܬܳܐ ܢܺܐܬܶܐ ܨܶܐܕܰܘܗܝ ܛܺܝܢܳܐ ܥܳܒܶܕ ܘܰܡܫܰܚܠܶܦ ܠܶܗ ܒܶܣܪܳܐ ܥܳܒܶܕ ܥܰܝ̈ܢܶܐ ܡܰܢܗܰܪ ܒܛܺܝܢܳܐ ܙܥܽܘܪܳܐ ܚܰܘܺܝ ܕܒܐܺܝܕܶܗ ܓܒܺܝܠ ܕܰܚܺܝܚܳܢ ܢܰܦܫܳܐ ܕܡܺܝܬܳܐ ܬܽܘܒ ܣܶܗܕܶܬ ܠܶܗ ܕܒܶܗ ܗܽܘ ܢܦܺܝܚܳܐ ܢܶܫܡܰܬ ܐܢܳܫܳܐ ܒܣܳܗ̈ܕܶܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܳܝܶܐ ܐܶܬܗܰܝܡܰܢ ܠܶܗ ܕܒܰܪ ܩܰܕܡܳܝܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ
English
O daughter of the type, the sign shall be The seller of my precious ones, and he has a servant I loosed him, he came, he served his lord A freeborn son, my son, who took your yoke One is his reward, and the servant who erred A pair of yokes, of two lords Of above and below, two for him are good And two rewards, of two burdens A freeborn daughter, my son, your maidservant is again If she serves you, and servitude In you, freeborn daughter, she is in you, she will be chosen That she is a liberator, hidden rays In her heel are placed, if she loves you O the wings, sweep for him my beloved Who wept, he dwelt, and also the pollutions Which he sanctified, and also the churches Which he adorned, the son of the Creator is he Who came to examine all creatures [The heavens] renewed, for which the fools worshipped [To all] the shining ones, renewed for the earth Which swallowed Adam, a new creation She was his creator, and for all sufficient He will fashion bodies with shepherds Come, the blind and the without silver Take the shining ones, come, the veiled ones Take your feet, the pairs and the deaf Take your voices, and his hand is gentle The gentle ones, take also your hands The son of the Creator is he, who filled his treasuries All the clouds, to where he ascended From the fathers, he came, hunt him Clay he makes, and changes it Flesh he makes, eyes he makes blind With a little clay, show that in his hand Is the creation of the living, the soul of the dead Again I testified for him, that in him is the breath I heard a cry among the later witnesses He was persuaded that he is the firstborn son
dsc-565:3 · narrativemedium
Source
ܟܢܽܘܫܘ ܬܰܘ ܓܰܪ̈ܒܶܐ ܘܰܕܠܳܐ ܥܰܡܠܳܐ ܣܰܒܘ ܕܽܘܟܳܝܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܓܶܝܪ ܣܢܺܝܩ ܐܰܝܟ ܐܶܠܺܝܫܰܥ ܕܰܫܒܰܥ ܙܰܒܢܺܝ̈ܢ ܒܢܰܗܪܳܐ ܢܶܥܡܰܕ ܠܳܐ ܬܽܘܒ ܡܰܠܶܐܐ ܕܰܠܐܺܝܘ ܟܳܗ̈ܢܶܐ ܒܰܪ̈ܣܺܝܣܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܫܒܰܥ [ܕܐܶܠܺܝܫܰܥ] ܒܪܳܙܳܐ ܕܰܟܺܝ [ܕܰܫܒܰܥ ܪ̈ܽܘܚܺܝܢ ܘܙܽܘܦܳܐ ܘܰܕܡܳܐ ܛܽܘܦܣܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ] ܪܰܒܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܐܺܝܬ ܐܰܬܪܳܐ ܠܢܽܘܟܪܳܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܡܶܬܢܰܟܪܳܐ ܒܰܪ ܡܳܪܶܐ ܟܽܠ ܡܶܢ ܡܳܪܶܐ ܟܽܠ ܐܶܢ ܓܶܝܪ ܟܺܐܢܳܐ ܐܰܓܪܶܒ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܘܐܰܢܬ ܡܕܰܟܶܐ ܓܳܒܶܠ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܣܢܳܝܗܝ ܠܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܘܐܰܢܬ ܪܚܶܡܬܳܝܗܝ ܐܶܠܳܐ ܓܒܰܠܬܳܝܗܝ ܚܽܘܒ̈ܠܶܐ ܕܐܰܪܡܺܝܬ ܥܠܰܘܗܝ ܩܳܥܶܝܢ ܕܒܰܪ ܒܳܪܽܘܝܳܐ ܐܰܢܬ
English
They took the scabs and those without toil, they took the pure one, for he is not needed. Like Elisha who immersed seven times, he was baptized in light, not to be filled again. For whom are the priests with their faces? Seven [of Elisha] in the pure mystery, [of seven spirits and the cross and blood, that is the great type]. There is no place for your remembrance, it is not to be recalled. Son of the Lord of all, come, Lord of all. For if the filthy one defiles the body, and you purify, you form the body. His help to the body, and you are his beloved. But you formed his limbs, the bonds that I cast upon him. They cry out that you are the son of the Creator.
Citation. Tergwame, “Nativity 17”, dsc-565:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-565#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0025 · generated 2026-11-15.