machine-draft · no human review3 passages · 715 words
Work dossier · summary and historical context
Summary
Nisibis 76 is a memrā (metrical homily) attributed to Ephrem the Syrian, part of the Nisibene cycle. It reflects the liturgical and theological concerns of the 4th-century Syriac-speaking church, likely composed amid the Persian-Roman conflicts. The text contrasts humble devotion with vain wisdom, using imagery of servitude, freedom, and death as a paradoxical wedding. It survives in late manuscripts, with the earliest witness from the 6th century, and was used in East Syriac Lenten liturgy. The English translation does not preserve the original isosyllabic and rhymed structure.
Nisibis 76 exemplifies Ephrem’s poetic theology, blending ascetic ideals with vivid eschatological imagery. It is a key witness to the development of Syriac liturgical poetry and the Nisibene cycle, influencing later East Syriac tradition. Its contrast between servitude and freedom, and death as a bridal chamber, offers insight into 4th-century Christian responses to persecution and mortality.
Historical context
The work is attributed to Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373 CE), a prominent theologian and poet of the Syriac tradition. It belongs to the Nisibene cycle, traditionally linked to Ephrem’s exile from Nisibis in 363 CE after the city’s cession to the Sasanian Empire. The memrā reflects the ascetic and martyrdom ideals of early Syriac Christianity, shaped by the Persian-Roman conflicts. The Syriac text survives in multiple manuscripts, the earliest from the 6th century, but the tradition is late, and some stanzas may be later accretions. It was used in the East Syriac liturgical tradition, especially during Lent, and cited in later Syriac exegetical works as a model of theological poetry. The binary structure and eschatological imagery (e.g., Sheol, house of the living/dead) draw on Jewish and Christian biblical language.
term — a Coptic word and the rendering chosen for it
scripture — a biblical quotation or allusion
background — historical or institutional context the text presupposes
structure — the passage's function in the work
caution — uncertainty or a contested reading
parallel — a parallel in another text or tradition
Pipeline notes
limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
registerRegister: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
The man who subdues his voice,
humble for the sake of your truth,
his body is given;
humble for the sake of your beauty,
he performs servitude.
In you, my Lord, he is freed
from bondage; in you, my Lord, he is freed,
the place of the living.
Your beauty has captivated him;
he has seen you in the house of the dead.
By the taking of a pledge he is given to you, my Lord.
Foolish is the wise man
who wearies that he might please you;
foolish also is his speech,
which from you is reviled.
See, my Lord, the perversity
of him who is without God,
the place that serves you.
In your service he is ashamed
that he might have been pleasing
to your father; in you he is pleasing.
Death has broken him,
the light wing of him who wearies and does not rest,
but for the sake of gold
flies to you, my Lord;
he alights for the sake of flesh,
and thirsts for the sake of silver.
Blessed is he who has no one who can
eat from gold.
Your body is life,
while there is no one who eats it;
there is no one who is sated from it,
while it is not food.
For him, every man hungers;
for your bread he is given.
The world calls to you, "Come, go out to the feast."
The grave calls to you, "Come, enter the bridal chamber."
Your limbs are loosened.
It is the day that for the grave
it arrays the troops,
it crowns with virgins,
it sends off to Sheol.
Rejoice with your youths.
It is the day that constricts
the house with lamentations,
and spreads over its members
darkness and light.
Pursue with your victory.
For my Lord, in death,
the worm that grazes on you,
the beast that swallows you,
in its belly it buried you.
His bones are your flute.
It is the day that strips
the stone of bridal chambers,
and instead of their stoles
with sackcloths they are clothed.
Your day makes you rejoice.
The wife from the bridal chamber
of her dwelling is brought out,
stone and ashes and night.
Her orders have perished.
He orders your souls.
It is the day that mixes
and heaps up standings,
and mysteries are mingled
upon the mysteries of the fallen.
In you again, my Lord, I am ashamed.
The body is corrupted,
from which the soul departed,
salt and life,
of senses and members.
In it again it was fashioned.
It is the day that in his treasures
the rich man looks,
and sees that they do not accompany
to the Lord of the tombs.
Your treasure is in the house of your treasure.
It is the day that the afflicted
alone rejoice in it,
that they stand and kindle
provisions of righteousness.
Your provision is your victory.
The skin is stripped
that was stretched over the face,
and it becomes a skull,
and the person is drunk.
His beauty is your victory.
The world calls to you, "Come, go out to the feast." The grave calls to you, "Come, enter the bridal chamber." Your limbs are loosened. It is the day that for the grave it arrays the troops, it crowns with virgins, it seizes the young men, it brings forth the old men. See, my lord, your crushed ones, the twisted ones of the clay, they fell and were in Sheol, the writing of the helper, the lowly ones of the beautiful ones. See, my lord, your destroyed ones. It is the day that in it kings in their crowns and they removed their crowns and went down to Sheol. The king in heaven is he. Death lowers all. Death impoverishes all. Death lays waste all. Death pastures all. Pursue it, my lord, your day of resurrection. It is the bitter day. It is the day that makes all weep. It is the day that makes all mourn. Conquer it, my lord, your day. The day of resurrection. Life confuses all. Life clarifies all. Life gladdens all. Attain it, my lord, your day. It is the day that fathers see their sons. It is the day again that brothers see their brothers. Glory to the giver of life to all.