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Syriac · Other · mid-4th century

Nisibis 74

Ephrem the Syrian · syriac

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machine-draft · no human review 3 passages · 653 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Nisibis 74 is a memrā (metrical homily) attributed to Ephrem the Syrian, likely composed in the late 4th century during his time in Nisibis. The work reflects the liturgical and theological concerns of the Syriac-speaking church, focusing on themes of divine agency, human mortality, and the paradox of Adam's greatness and lowliness. The Syriac text survives in a single 6th–7th century manuscript with marginal corrections, and the edition notes several lacunae and uncertain readings. The memrā was later incorporated into the East Syriac liturgical cycle for the Feast of the Martyrs, indicating its enduring authority in the Church of the East. The edition lacks a full critical apparatus, and variant readings from other manuscripts are not collated.

Nisibis 74 is significant as a witness to Ephrem's theological poetry, particularly his use of antithesis and paradox to explore themes of divine agency and human mortality. Its inclusion in the East Syriac liturgy underscores its enduring authority. The work relates to other Syriac memrē and madrāšē attributed to Ephrem, as well as broader traditions of Syriac hymnody and patristic exegesis.

Historical context

The memrā is attributed to Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373 CE), a prominent theologian and poet of the Syriac tradition. It is traditionally dated to his Nisibene period (before 363 CE), when he served as a deacon and teacher in Nisibis (modern Nusaybin, Turkey). However, this dating is not securely established; the manuscript tradition is late, with the sole surviving witness from the 6th–7th century, and some passages may reflect later editorial additions. The work belongs to the genre of memrā, a metrical homily used in liturgical settings, and was composed in Syriac, the liturgical language of the Syriac-speaking church. Its incorporation into the East Syriac liturgical cycle for the Feast of the Martyrs suggests its authority in the Church of the East. The text's transmission is fragmentary, with lacunae and uncertain readings noted in the edition.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

16 commentary units 3 term3 structure3 caution2 sense2 background2 parallel1 scripture 0 derived notes 6 open questions 3 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 3 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-328:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ܥܰܠ ܩܳܠܳܐ ܕܐܳܘ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܒܓܢܝܟ ܀܀܀
English
On the sound of "O Lord, in your coming
dsc-328:2 · narrativehigh
Source
ܐܳܘ ܟܡܳܐ ܪܰܒ ܐܳܕܳܡ ܘܰܫܒܺܝܚ ܒܰܒܪܺܝܬܶܗ ܐܳܘ ܟܡܳܐ ܪܰܒ ܫܰܦܠܶܗ ܒܥܶܕܳܢ ܡܺܝܬܽܘܬܶܗ ܢܰܘܪܒܺܝܘܗ̱ܝ ܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܟ ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ: ܢܚܰܕܬܺܝܘܗ̱ܝ ܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܟ ܒܪܽܘܟܳܒܶܗ ܨܺܝܪܳܐ ܚܶܟܡܰܬ ܒܳܪܽܘܝܶܗ ܒܚܽܘܒܳܠܶܗ ܪܰܫܺܝܡܳܐ ܒܺܝܫܽܘܬ ܢܳܟܽܘܠܶܗ ܢܶܒܗܰܬ ܒܚܽܘܕܳܬܶܗ ܓܒܳܐ ܘܪܳܒ ܒܰܥܒܳܕܶܗ ܘܫܺܝܛ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܒܥܽܘܢܕܳܢܶܗ ܒܚ̈ܰܝܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܐܰܝܟ ܡܶܕܶܡ ܒܡܰܘܬܶܗ ܐܰܝܟ ܠܳܐ ܡܶܕܶܡ ܬܽܘܒ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܐܰܘܪܒܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܕܳܐܶܢ ܘܰܡܚܰܝܶܒ ܡܥܰܩܶܒ ܘܰܡܙܰܟܶܐ ܕܽܘܡܝܶܗ ܕܰܐܠܳܗܳܐ ܘܡܰܘܬܶܗ ܕܚܰܝ̈ܘܳܬܳܐ ܨܰܠܡܳܟ ܢܺܐܪܰܒ ܒܳܟ ܗܳܐ ܡܶܠܬܶܗ ܪܰܒܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܘܥܰܠ ܟܽܘܠ ܡܶܬܦܰܪܣܶܐ ܒܬܺܒܶܝܠ ܡܰܠܳܠܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܘܒܰܫܝܽܘܠ ܡܶܫܬܰܬܰܩ ܚܰܕܶܬ ܩ̈ܺܝܢܳܬܶܗ ܘܰܥܡܰܕ ܒܝܰܡܳܐ ܘܡܰܣܶܩ ܣܺܝܡ̈ܳܬܶܗ ܘܡܳܐ ܕܰܥܡܰܕ ܒܰܫܝܽܘܠ ܟܳܡ ܥܠܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܒܳܟ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܢܶܬܕܰܠܶܐ ܙܪܺܝܙܳܐ ܕܰܠܝܰܡܳܐ ܡܰܫܥܒܶܕ ܘܰܠܝܰܒܫܳܐ ܒܩܰܒܪܳܐ ܡܶܫܬܰܦܰܠ ܘܗܳܘܶܐ ܫܶܪܕܽܘܕܳܐ ܢܓܽܘܠܽܘܢ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܪ̈ܰܚܡܰܝܟ ܚܰܝܘ̈ܳܬܳܐ ܡܫܰܥܒܶܕ ܢܺܝܪܶܗ ܚܰܣܺܝܢܳܐ ܘܢܺܝܪܶܗ ܕܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܡܫܰܦܶܠ ܚܺܐܪܽܘܬܶܗ ܒܳܟ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܢܶܬܚܰܪܰܪ ܛܰܟܶܣ ܒܰܦܓܽܘ̈ܕܶܐ ܚܺܐܦܳܐ ܕܡܰܪܟܰܒܬܳܐ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܒܠܰܡ ܠܶܗ ܘܒܰܫܝܽܘܠ ܐܳܣܰܪ ܠܶܗ ܢܶܫܪܶܝܘܗ̱ܝ ܫܳܪܶܐ ܟܽܠ ܝܺܬܶܒ ܥܰܠ ܬܪܢܽܘܣ ܒܬܳܓܳܐ ܘܒܰܟܠܺܝܠܳܐ ܘܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܡܰܚܶܬ ܠܶܗ ܐܶܣܟܺܡܶܗ ܘܬܳܒܰܪ ܠܶܗ ܒܳܟ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܢܶܬܝܰܩܰܪ ܟܳܬܶܒ ܘܳܐܦ ܩܳܪܶܐ ܘܕܳܪܶܫ ܘܰܡܬܰܪܓܰܡ ܘܠܳܐ ܡܶܫܟܰܚ ܕܰܢܦܺܝܣ ܠܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܒܚ̈ܶܟܡܳܬܶܗ ܒܳܟ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܢܶܬܦܰܨܶܐ ܟܰܕ ܠܰܐܪܝܳܐ ܚܳܒܶܫ ܘܶܐܣܰܪ ܬܰܢܺܝܢܳܐ ܘܠܳܐ ܒܢܶܩܥܳܐ ܕܰܫܝܽܘܠ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܚܳܒܶܫ ܠܶܗ ܢܰܦܩܺܝܘܗ̱ܝ ܩܳܠ ܩܰܪܢܳܐ ܠܺܐܝܠܳܢܳܐ ܦܣܰܩ ܘܰܡܚܰܠܶܦ ܘܳܐܦ ܣܳܓܶܐ ܘܠܶܗ ܦܪܰܫ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ
English
Oh how great is Adam, and glorious in his creation; oh how great is his lowliness at the time of his death. Your coming magnifies him, a new creation; your coming renews him, by its mystery a picture of the wisdom of his Creator. In his destruction he is signed with the evil of his entirety; he is ashamed in his unity, chooses and grows in his work, and is contemptible in his servitude. In his life like something, in his death like nothing. Again, my Lord, you magnify him, judging and condemning, detaining and acquitting. The silence of God and the death of living beings: your image is mixed in you. Behold, his word is great, and over all it is spread. In the world he is a speaker, and in Sheol he is silenced. He renews his nets and sinks in the sea, and brings up his treasures; and what sinks in Sheol, death stands over it. In you, my Lord, he is suspended, the swift one of the sea, subduing also the dry land; in the grave he is laid low, and becomes a fugitive. Turn, my Lord, your mercies: living beings are subdued, his yoke is pious, and his yoke is of death, lowering his freedom. In you, my Lord, he is freed: he arranges by commands, the bridle of the chariot; death halts him, and in Sheol binds him. Release him, the loosed one of all: he sits on a throne, with crown and garland, and death casts him down, his form and breaks him. In you, my Lord, he is honored: he writes and reads, and disputes and interprets, and cannot persuade death with his wisdoms. In you, my Lord, he is adorned: when he binds a lion, and imprisons a wild beast, and not in the pit of Sheol does death imprison him. His voice issues from the womb, cuts off trees, and changes and increases, and for him death sets a limit.
dsc-328:3 · narrativemedium
Source
ܡܶܢ ܟܽܠ ܚܰܒܺܝܒܰܘ̈ܗ̱ܝ ܒܫܽܘܒܚܳܟ ܢܶܚܙܶܐ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܠܡܰܚ̈ܘܳܬܳܐ ܐܰܣܺܝ ܒܣܰܡ̈ܳܡܢܶܐ ܕܶܐܫܟܰܚ ܘܠܰܡܚܽܘܬܶܗ ܕܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܣܳܡܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܢܦܰܠ ܢܰܐܣܶܝܘܗ̱ܝ ܣܳܡ ܚ̈ܰܝܶܐ ܡܶܫܚܶܗ ܘܗܶܪ̈ܽܘܡܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܘܣܽܘܓܳܐܐ ܕܒܰܣܡ̈ܳܢܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܠܳܐ ܡܨܶܐ ܡܰܦܟܶܗ ܠܶܗ ܠܪܺܝܚܶܗ ܡܳܐ ܕܰܥܢܰܕ ܒܡܶܠܚܳܟ ܢܶܬܡܰܕܰܟ ܢܰܗܺܝܪ̈ܶܐ ܡܦܰܠܶܓ ܠܫ̈ܳܥܶܐ ܘܥܶܕ̈ܳܢܶܐ ܘܫܳܥܰܬ ܥܽܘܢܕܳܢܶܗ ܐܰܝܟܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܠܳܐ ܝܳܕܰܥ ܫܽܘܒܚܳܐ ܠܝܳܕܰܥ ܟܽܠ ܣܥܳܐ ܥܰܠ ܕܰܐܪܥܳܐ ܘܒܳܨܶܐ ܕܰܫܡܰܝܳܐ ܘܡܳܐ ܕܰܡܛܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܛܥܳܐ ܠܶܗ ܘܶܐܬܕܰܘܰܕ ܒܳܟ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܢܶܬܦܰܨܶܐ ܣܶܦܳܐ ܪܒܺܝܬܳܐ ܘܡܰܘܣܶܦ ܥܰܠ ܩܰܪܢܳܐ ܬܳܒܰܥ ܟܰܢܶܫ ܠܳܗ̇ ܘܒܰܕܰܪ ܡܰܘܪܶܬ ܠܳܗ̇ ܬܰܥܬܪܶܗ ܛܰܝܒܽܘܬܳܟ ܥܳܒܶܕ ܡܶܕܝܳܪ̈ܶܐ ܠܩܰܝܛܳܐ ܘܰܠܣܰܬܘܳܐ ܘܚܰܕ ܩܰܒܪܳܐ ܠܩܰܝܛܳܐ ܘܰܠܣܰܬܘܳܐ ܣܦܰܩ ܠܶܗ ܠܰܥܕܶܢ ܢܶܬܒܰܣܰܡ ܦܰܠܶܓ ܘܕܰܢܣܰܒ ܫܳܐܶܠ ܝܰܬܺܝܪܳܐ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܡܫܰܚ ܝܰܗ̱ܒ ܠܶܗ ܐܶܡ̈ܶܐ ܬܠܳܬ ܒܰܫܝܽܘܠ ܠܽܐܘܪܥܳܟ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܢܶܦܪܰܚ ܨܰܠܶܠ ܚܰܡܪ̈ܳܢܶܐ ܘܰܐܣܓܺܝ ܒܽܘܣܳܡ̈ܶܐ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܣܳܟܰܪ ܠܶܗ ܠܦܽܘܡܶܗ ܡܶܢ ܪܶܥܝܶܗ ܢܒܰܝܐܺܝܘܗܝ ܦܳܬܽܘܪܳܟ ܩܦܰܣ ܘܰܐܣܓܺܝ ܝܰܥܢܳܐ ܐܰܘܨܪ̈ܶܐ ܠܳܐ ܣܳܢܶܗ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܡܰܦܶܩ ܠܶܗ ܘܒܰܫܝܽܘܠ ܩܦܰܣ ܠܶܗ ܢܰܦܩܶܗ ܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܟ ܪܳܕܶܐ ܒܰܫ̈ܒܺܝܠܶܐ ܘܰܥܛܰܦ ܒܽܐܘܪ̈ܚܳܬܳܐ ܚܕܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܐܽܘܪܚܳܐ ܐܶܙܰܠ ܕܬܽܘܒ ܒܳܗ̇ ܠܳܐ ܥܛܰܦ ܢܶܦܢܶܐ ܠܦܰܪܕܰܝܣܳܟ ܫܩ̈ܽܘܠܶܐ ܡܳܝܬܺܝܢ ܘܩܳܪܶܝܢ ܛܳܥܽܘ̈ܢܶܐ ܘܰܚܠܳܦ ܥܰܪ̈ܣܳܬܶܗ ܥܰܪܣܳܐ ܕܥܰܢܺܝ̈ܕܶܐ ܢܶܦܪܚܺܝܘܗ̱ܝ ܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܐ ܬܥܰܫ ܒܰܐܦܕ̈ܳܢܶܐ ܪ̈ܘܺܝܚܶܐ ܕܢܰܘܦܽܘܢ ܠܶܗ ܘܦܰܓܪܶܗ ܡܠܶܐ ܩܰܒܪܳܐ ܘܥܰܦܪܶܗ ܡܠܶܐ ܫܽܘܥܳܠܳܐ ܡܶܕܪܺܝܫ ܚܰܕܬܳܝܗ̱ܝ
English
From all his beloved ones in your glory he sees the sign to the healers he is physician with the medicines he found and for the healing of death no remedy avails but life heals him with its oil and its chrism and the abundance of his spices cannot turn away his odor when it passes in your salt he is purified and the free ones divide the hours and the times and the hour of his burial where it is he does not know glory knows all he wanders on the earth and seeks the heavens and when death reaches him it leads him astray and he is troubled in you, my Lord, he is adorned the great threshold and adds to the frost follows the winter after it and drives away the summer your grace enriches him it makes dwellings for summer and for winter and one grave for summer and for winter suffices him for the feast he rejoices divides and takes asks for more death anoints and gives him three hundred measures in weight for your path, my Lord, he flies he shakes the wine cups and increases the pleasures death hires him for his mouth from his mind his chosen ones your table he pressed and increased the cry the treasures do not suffice him death brings them out and in weight he pressed him and your command brought him out he guides in the paths and turns in the ways one way he went that he might return in it he did not turn he enters your paradise the bearers bring and call the erring ones and instead of his bridal chambers the bridal chamber of the departed your command made them fly he is troubled in the halls the spirits that surrounded him and his body filled the grave and his dust filled the skull again anew
Citation. Tergwame, “Nisibis 74”, dsc-328:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-328#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0024 · generated 2026-11-15.